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Peng Y, Zhang X, Tang Y, He S, Rao G, Chen Q, Xue Y, Jin H, Liu S, Zhou Z, Xiang Y. Role of autoreactive Tc17 cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NEUROPROTECTION 2024; 2:49-59. [DOI: 10.1002/nep3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE—an animal model of MS) is primarily mediated by T cells. However, recent studies have only focused on interleukin (IL)‐17‐secreting CD4+ T‐helper cells, also known as Th17 cells. This study aimed to compare Th17 cells and IL‐17‐secreting CD8+ T‐cytotoxic cells (Tc17) in the context of MS/EAE.MethodsFemale C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides 35–55 (MOG35–55), pertussis toxin, and complete Freund's adjuvant to establish the EAE animal model. T cells were isolated from the spleen (12–14 days postimmunization). CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were purified using isolation kit and then differentiated into Th17 and Tc17, respectively, using MOG35–55 and IL‐23. The secretion levels of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and IL‐17 were measured via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using cultured CD4+ and CD8+ T cell supernatants. The pathogenicity of Tc17 and Th17 cells was assessed through adoptive transfer (tEAE), with the clinical course assessed using an EAE score (0–5). Hematoxylin and eosin as well as Luxol fast blue staining were used to examine the spinal cord. Purified CD8+ CD3+ and CD4+ CD3+ cells differentiated into Tc17 and Th17 cells, respectively, were stimulated with MOG35–55 peptide for proliferation assays.ResultsThe results showed that Tc17 cells (15,951 ± 1985 vs. 55,709 ± 4196 cpm; p < 0.050) exhibited a weaker response to highest dose (20 μg/mL) MOG35–55 than Th17 cells. However, this response was not dependent on Th17 cells. After the 48 h stimulation, at the highest dose (20 μg/mL) of MOG35–55. Tc17 cells secreted lower levels of IFN‐γ (280.00 ± 15.00 vs. 556.67 ± 15.28 pg/mL, p < 0.050) and IL‐17 (102.67 ± 5.86 pg/mL vs. 288.33 ± 12.58 pg/mL; p < 0.050) than Th17 cells. Similar patterns were observed for IFN‐γ secretion at 96 and 144 h. Furthermore, Tc17 cell‐induced tEAE mice exhibited similar EAE scores to Th17 cell‐induced tEAE mice and also showed similar inflammation and demyelination.ConclusionThe degree of pathogenicity of Tc17 cells in EAE is lower than that of Th17 cells. Future investigation on different immune cells and EAE models is warranted to determine the mechanisms underlying MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yandan Tang
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Shunqing He
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Guilan Rao
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Yahui Xue
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
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Peng Y, Zhu FZ, Deng X, Zhou JX, Gao S, Chen ZX, Yang SS, Gan L, Li ZL, Liu QQ. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inhibited by huangqi guizhi wuwu decoction via th2 cytokine enhancement. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.328617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Characterization of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55-specific CD8+ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2934-2940. [PMID: 31855963 PMCID: PMC6964953 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is mediated primarily by T cells, but most studies of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have focused on CD4+ T cells. The aims of the current study were to determine the pathological interrelationship between CD4 and CD8 autoreactive T cells in MS/EAE. Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 20) were induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 peptide. At 14 days after immunization, T cells were isolated from the spleen and purified as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by using CD4 and CD8 isolation kits, and then the purity was determined by flow cytometric analysis. These cells were stimulated by MOG35–55 peptide and applied to proliferation assays. The interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 secretion of supernatant of cultured CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). For adoptive transfer, recipient mice were injected with MOG35–55-specific CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. EAE clinical course was measured by EAE score at 0–5 scale and spinal cord was examined by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Luxol fast blue staining. Results: CD8+CD3+ and CD4+CD3+ cells were 86% and 94% pure of total CD3+ cells after CD8/CD4 bead enrichment, respectively. These cells were stimulated by MOG35–55 peptide and applied to proliferation assays. Although the CD8+ T cells had a generally lower response to MOG35–55 than CD4+ T cells, the response of CD8+ T cells was not always dependent on CD4. CD8+ T cell secreted less IFN-γ and IL-4 compared with CD4+ T cells. EAE was induced in wildtype B6 naïve mice by adoptive transfer of MOG35–55-specific T cells from B6 active-induced EAE (aEAE) mice. A similar EAE score and slight inflammation and demyelination were found in naive B6 mice after transferring of CD8+ T cells from immunized B6 mice compared with transfer of CD4+ T cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that CD8+ autoreactive T cells in EAE have a lower encephalitogenic function but are unique and independent on pathogenic of EAE rather than their CD4+ counterparts.
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Epps SJ, Boldison J, Stimpson ML, Khera TK, Lait PJP, Copland DA, Dick AD, Nicholson LB. Re-programming immunosurveillance in persistent non-infectious ocular inflammation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018. [PMID: 29530739 PMCID: PMC6563519 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ocular function depends on a high level of anatomical integrity. This is threatened by inflammation, which alters the local tissue over short and long time-scales. Uveitis due to autoimmune disease, especially when it involves the retina, leads to persistent changes in how the eye interacts with the immune system. The normal pattern of immune surveillance, which for immune privileged tissues is limited, is re-programmed. Many cell types, that are not usually present in the eye, become detectable. There are changes in the tissue homeostasis and integrity. In both human disease and mouse models, in the most extreme cases, immunopathological findings consistent with development of ectopic lymphoid-like structures and disrupted angiogenesis accompany severely impaired eye function. Understanding how the ocular environment is shaped by persistent inflammation is crucial to developing novel approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Epps
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Joanne Boldison
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Madeleine L Stimpson
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Tarnjit K Khera
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Philippa J P Lait
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David A Copland
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; UCL-Institute of Ophthalmology and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Lindsay B Nicholson
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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Zhao R, Liang D, Sun D. Blockade of Extracellular ATP Effect by Oxidized ATP Effectively Mitigated Induced Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155953. [PMID: 27196432 PMCID: PMC4873015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathological conditions are accompanied by ATP release from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment. Extracellular ATP (eATP) functions as a signaling molecule by activating purinergic P2 purine receptors. The key P2 receptor involved in inflammation was identified as P2X7R. Recent studies have shown that P2X7R signaling is required to trigger the Th1/Th17 immune response, and oxidized ATP (oxATP) effectively blocks P2X7R activation. In this study we investigated the effect of oxATP on mouse experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Our results demonstrated that induced EAU in B6 mice was almost completely abolished by the administration of small doses of oxATP, and the Th17 response, but not the Th1 response, was significantly weakened in the treated mice. Mechanistic studies showed that the therapeutic effects involve the functional change of a number of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and regulatory T cells. OxATP not only directly inhibits the T cell response; it also suppresses T cell activation by altering the function of DCs and Foxp3+ T cell. Our results demonstrated that inhibition of P2X7R activation effectively exempts excessive autoimmune inflammation, which may indicate a possible therapeutic use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglan Zhao
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States of America
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in the University of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States of America
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yadav UCS, Shoeb M, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by aldose reductase inhibition in Lewis rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:8033-41. [PMID: 21900376 PMCID: PMC3208000 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, the authors showed that the inhibition of aldose reductase (AR) prevents bacterial endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. They have now investigated the efficacy of AR inhibitors in the prevention of experimental autoimmune-induced uveitis (EAU) in rats. METHODS Lewis rats were immunized with bovine interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding peptide (IRBP) to develop EAU. Two or 8 days after immunization, the rats started receiving the AR inhibitor fidarestat (7 mg/kg/d; intraperitoneally). They were killed when the disease was at its peak; aqueous humor (AqH) was collected from one eye, and the other eye of each rat was used for histologic studies. The protein concentration and the levels of inflammatory markers were determined in AqH. Immunohistochemical analysis of eye sections was performed to determine the expression of inflammatory markers. The effect of AR inhibition on immune response was investigated in isolated T lymphocytes. RESULTS Immunization of rats by IRBP peptide resulted in a significant infiltration of leukocytes in the posterior and the anterior chambers of the eye. Further, EAU caused an increase in the concentration of proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in AqH, and the expression of inflammatory markers such as inducible-nitric oxide synthase and cycloxygenase-2 in the rat eye ciliary bodies and retina. Treatment with fidarestat significantly prevented the EAU-induced ocular inflammatory changes. AR inhibition also prevented the proliferation of spleen-derived T cells isolated from EAU rats in response to the IRBP antigen. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AR could be a novel mediator of bovine IRBP-induced uveitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C. S. Yadav
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Mohammad Shoeb
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Satish K. Srivastava
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Kota V. Ramana
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Ke Y, Sun D, Jiang G, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. IL-22-induced regulatory CD11b+ APCs suppress experimental autoimmune uveitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:2130-9. [PMID: 21795593 PMCID: PMC3197698 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that IL-17(+) interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) 161-180-specific T cells have a strong pathogenic effect in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced in B10RIII mice; however, this pathogenic activity is not solely attributable to the major cytokine, IL-17, produced by these cells. To determine whether other cytokines produced by Th17 cells show a stronger association with their pathogenic activity, we studied the role of IL-22 in EAU. IL-22 is one of the major cytokines produced by these cells. Our results showed that administration of small doses of IL-22 to EAU-susceptible mice significantly reduced the severity of EAU. In addition, mice treated with IL-22 generated decreased numbers of IFN-γ(+) and IL-17(+) uveitogenic T cells, but increased numbers of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Mechanistic studies showed that the effect of the injected IL-22 was on CD11b(+) APCs, which expressed increased levels of IL-22R during induction of disease following immunization with uveitogenic Ag. In vitro IL-22 treatment of CD11b(+) APCs collected from Ag-primed mice resulted in increased expression of programmed death ligand-1 and the production of increased amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β. Moreover, IL-22-treated CD11b(+) APCs caused IRBP161-180-specific T cells to lose their uveitogenic activity and acquire immunosuppressive activity, which suppressed the induction of EAU by additional pathogenic IRBP161-180-specific effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, United States
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033, United States
| | - Guomin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, United States
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, United States
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Nian H, Shao H, Zhang G, Born WK, O'Brien RL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Regulatory effect of gammadelta T cells on IL-17+ uveitogenic T cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:4661-7. [PMID: 20375337 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the regulatory effect of gammadelta T cells in the activation of IL-17+ uveitogenic T cells. METHODS The authors administered the gammadelta TCR-specific antibody GL3 to B6 mice before or after antigen immunization and examined Th1- or Th17-polarized T-cell responses. The intensity of Th17 responses was also examined in responder T cells containing varying numbers of gammadelta T cells. RESULTS GL3 treatment resulted in varying degrees of depletion of circulating gammadelta T cells, depending on when the antibody was administered. The intensity of the alphabetaTCR+IL-17+, but not the alphabetaTCR+IFN-gamma+, IRBP-specific T-cell responses was correlated to the percentage of gammadelta T cells in the responder T cells. Kinetic studies showed that early IL-17+ T cells were primarily gammadelta T cells, with a later gradual shift to alphabeta T cells. A close association was seen between the intensity of the IL-17+ autoreactive T-cell response and the percentage of gammadelta T cells in the responder T cells. Although a modest increase in gammadelta T cells among the responder T cells promoted the expansion of IL-17+ alphabetaTCR+ T cells, a higher proportion of gammadelta T cells inhibited it. CONCLUSIONS gammadelta T cells are actively involved in the generation of alphabetaTCR+IL-17+ T cells. The number of gammadelta T cells and the alphabeta/gammadelta T-cell ratio in the responder T cells regulate the intensity of the Th17-type autoreactive T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nian
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Cui Y, Shao H, Lan C, Nian H, O'Brien RL, Born WK, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Major role of gamma delta T cells in the generation of IL-17+ uveitogenic T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:560-7. [PMID: 19542467 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We show that in vitro activation of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-specific T cells from C57BL/6 mice immunized with an uveitogenic IRBP peptide (IRBP(1-20)) under TH17-polarizing conditions is associated with increased expansion of T cells expressing the gammadelta TCR. We also show that highly purified alphabeta or gammadelta T cells from C57BL/6 mice immunized with IRBP(1-20) produced only small amounts of IL-17 after exposure to the immunizing Ag in vitro, whereas a mixture of the same T cells produced greatly increased amounts of IL-17. IRBP-induced T cells from IRBP-immunized TCR-delta(-/-) mice on the C57BL/6 genetic background produced significantly lower amounts of IL-17 than did wild-type C57BL/6 mice and had significantly decreased experimental autoimmune uveitis-inducing ability. However, reconstitution of the TCR-delta(-/-) mice before immunization with a small number of gammadelta T cells from IRBP-immunized C57BL/6 mice restored the disease-inducing capability of their IRBP-specific T cells and greatly enhanced the generation of IL-17(+) T cells in the recipient mice. Our study suggests that gammadelta T cells are important in the generation and activation of IL-17-producing autoreactive T cells and play a major role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, 90033, USA
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Cheng L, Cui Y, Shao H, Han G, Zhu L, Huang Y, O'Brien RL, Born WK, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Mouse gammadelta T cells are capable of expressing MHC class II molecules, and of functioning as antigen-presenting cells. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 203:3-11. [PMID: 18774183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although human and bovine gammadelta T cells were shown to express MHC class II antigen and function as APCs, attempts to determine if mouse gammabeta T cells have similar functions remained unsuccessful. We now show that gammadelta T cells derived from immunized mice also can be induced to express MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules after activation in vitro, and are capable of antigen presentation. Using highly purified gammadelta T cells, we found that, unlike human gammadelta T cells, the expression of MHC class II molecules by mouse gammadelta T cells is limited to newly activated cells. Highest levels of MHC class II expression were seen on activated gammadelta T cells that had lost most surface-expressed gammadelta TCR while exhibiting increased levels of intracellular gammadelta TCR. In the absence of further stimulation, MHC class II expression gradually declined with the gammadelta T cells regaining their surface TCR. We also show that cytokine-activated gammadelta T cells can also express MHC class II antigen and exercise antigen-presenting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Song L, Le J, Ye F, Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Sequence 168 to 177 of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is an antigenic epitope for autoreactive CD8 T cells in the B10RIII mouse. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 193:68-76. [PMID: 18063114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 10/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a significant proportion of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-specific uveitogenic T cells in the C57BL/6 mouse and Lewis rat express CD8. The aims of this study were to determine whether some of the IRBP-specific T cells in the B10RIII mouse also express CD8 and whether CD8 and CD4 IRBP-specific T cells in the B10RIII mouse recognize a different or the same antigenic epitope. Our results show that autoreactive CD8 T cells were abundant in B10RIII mice immunized with the uveitogenic peptide IRBP161-180. Using multimers of recombinant H-2D(r) molecules, we also showed that the binding of the H-2D(r) fusion protein to IRBP161-180-expanded CD8 T cells was dependent on the peptide complexed with the recombinant molecules. The use of a panel of truncated peptides showed that the truncated 10-mer peptide, IRBP168-177, retained the ability to bind to, and stimulate, IRBP161-180-specific CD8 T cells after complexing with a dimeric MHC class I (H-2D(r)) molecule. Finally, adoptive transfer of IRBP161-180-specific T cells stimulated with IRBP168-177 consistently induced mild, but significant, EAU in naïve B10RIII mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Peng Y, Han G, Shao H, Wang Y, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Characterization of IL-17+ interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-specific T cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:4153-61. [PMID: 17724201 PMCID: PMC2567912 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to determine whether IL-17(+) T cells were present in CD4 and CD8 interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-specific T cells and to determine the role of antigen-specific and nonspecific IL-17(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). METHODS B6 mice were immunized with uveitogenic peptide IRBP1-20. In vivo-primed T cells were separated and stimulated with the immunizing peptide. Intracellular expression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 by the T cells was assessed, and the pathogenic activity of the activated T cells was determined. RESULTS A subset of autoreactive IRBP-specific CD8 T cells expressed IL-17. IRBP-specific T cells preferentially expressed IL-17 when expanded by IL-23, whereas IFN-gamma-expressing cells were dominant when the T cells were cultured with IL-2. Importantly, both expanded T-cell populations were uveitogenic. In addition, IL-23 promoted the expansion of antigen-specific and non-antigen-specific IL-17(+) T cells, whereas TGF-beta and IL-6 acted only on non-antigen-specific IL-17(+) T cells. Only the antigen-specific IL-17(+) T cells were uveitogenic. The activation of autoreactive IL-17(+) T cells was markedly increased in vivo by the mycobacterial component of CFA and pertussis toxin (PTX) and in vitro by the ligation of Toll-like receptors. CONCLUSIONS IL-17(+) T cells can be readily detected among activated autoreactive and bystander T cells and may play a major role in the pathogenesis of EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gencheng Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Deming Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Peng Y, Shao H, Ke Y, Zhang P, Han G, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Minimally activated CD8 autoreactive T cells specific for IRBP express a high level of Foxp3 and are functionally suppressive. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:2178-84. [PMID: 17460277 PMCID: PMC2577316 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Results in previous reports have demonstrated that immunization of the EAU-prone B6 mouse activates both CD4 and CD8 IRBP-specific T cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate structural and functional differences between CD4 and CD8 autoreactive T cells activated by the uveitogenic peptide. METHODS Purified CD4 and CD8 isolated from B6 mice immunized with an uveitogenic peptide, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)1-20, were stimulated in vitro with various doses of immunizing peptide. The activated T cells were determined for cytokine production, expression of Foxp3, and suppressor activity. RESULTS CD4 autoreactive T cells underwent full activation when stimulated with high or medium concentrations of immunizing peptide, whereas a high dose of antigenic peptide resulted in only modest activation of CD8 autoreactive T cells. When stimulated by a low dose (<0.1 microg/mL) of antigen or by of a high dose of antigen and a small amount of TGF-beta1, the minimally activated CD8 T cells expressed a high level of Foxp3 and gained suppressor function. CONCLUSIONS Minimally activated CD8 autoreactive T cells can be functionally suppressive and may neutralize the tissue-damaging effect of the CD4 autoreactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Ke Y, Sun D, Zhang P, Jiang G, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. Suppression of established experimental autoimmune uveitis by anti-LFA-1alpha Ab. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:2667-75. [PMID: 17525198 PMCID: PMC2587054 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify costimulatory molecules that are important in the effector phase of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). METHODS EAU was induced in C57BL/6 (B6) mice by transfer of activated T cells specific for the interphotoreceptor-binding protein (IRBP) 1-20 peptide. The animals were then treated with and without anti-leukocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1alpha mAb, at day 0 or 10 (disease onset) after T-cell transfer. Clinical signs of inflammation, ocular histology, and infiltrated inflammatory cells in the eye were compared. The primary and secondary proliferative responses of uveitogenic CD4 and CD8 T cells were tested after treatment with costimulatory blockers in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the abilities of uveitogenic T cell trafficking and their interaction with retinal astrocytes were examined. RESULTS Anti-LFA-1alpha Abs caused significant suppression of disease when administered either at the time of effector uveitogenic T cell transfer or at disease onset. Studies of the mechanisms by which anti-LFA-1alpha Ab inhibits the effector phase of uveitis demonstrated that it blocks multiple pathogenic events of uveitis mediated by IRBP-specific uveitogenic T cells, including the activation of T cells outside and inside the eye and the trafficking of activated autoreactive T cells into the inflammatory site. In addition, Ab treatment selectively suppressed the activation and expansion of pathogenic, but not regulatory, T cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Anti-LFA-1alpha Abs are potent inhibitors of established autoimmune uveitis and that such treatment may be applicable not only for the prevention, but also the treatment, of T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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15
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Zhang P, Sun D, Ke Y, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. The net effect of costimulatory blockers is dependent on the subset and activation status of the autoreactive T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:474-9. [PMID: 17182586 PMCID: PMC2587059 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether CD4 and CD8 autoreactive T cells have different costimulatory requirements for their activation in vitro by testing the effect of a panel of Abs specific for various costimulatory molecules. Our results showed that CD8 interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-specific T cells are more dependent on costimulatory molecules for activation than their CD4 counterparts. Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-specific T cells are less dependent on costimulatory molecules in the secondary response than the primary response. We also showed that blockade of costimulatory molecules can either promote or inhibit the proliferation of autoreactive T cells, depending on the degree of activation of the cells. Our results show that anti-costimulatory molecule treatment can have diverse actions on autoreactive T cell subsets, the net effect being determined by the subset of immune cells affected and the type and dose of treatment used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Shao
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Hui Shao, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Louisville, 301 East Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202. E-mail address:
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Vallochi AL, Commodaro AG, Schwartzman JP, Belfort R, Rizzo LV. The role of cytokines in the regulation of ocular autoimmune inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2007; 18:135-41. [PMID: 17349814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The eye is a unique place for the development of an immune response. Beyond the usual mechanisms of immune restraint, the eye evolved with its exclusive mechanisms such as anterior chamber associated immune deviation. Therefore, immune-mediated inflammation in the eye does not develop at the same pace as in other sites of the body. Here we will address such peculiarities as they regard to ocular autoimmunity, using the experimental autoimmune uveitis as a model to understand the participation of cytokines in the process of aggression against the eye, as well as their immunoregulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L Vallochi
- Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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