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Wu Z, Shih B, Macdonald J, Meunier D, Hogan K, Chintoan-Uta C, Gilhooley H, Hu T, Beltran M, Henderson NC, Sang HM, Stevens MP, McGrew MJ, Balic A. Development and function of chicken XCR1 + conventional dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273661. [PMID: 37954617 PMCID: PMC10634274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play a central role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. cDCs have been well described in a number of different mammalian species, but remain poorly characterised in the chicken. In this study, we use previously described chicken cDC specific reagents, a novel gene-edited chicken line and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to characterise chicken splenic cDCs. In contrast to mammals, scRNAseq analysis indicates that the chicken spleen contains a single, chemokine receptor XCR1 expressing, cDC subset. By sexual maturity the XCR1+ cDC population is the most abundant mononuclear phagocyte cell subset in the chicken spleen. scRNAseq analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity within the chicken splenic XCR1+ cDC population. Immature MHC class II (MHCII)LOW XCR1+ cDCs expressed a range of viral resistance genes. Maturation to MHCIIHIGH XCR1+ cDCs was associated with reduced expression of anti-viral gene expression and increased expression of genes related to antigen presentation via the MHCII and cross-presentation pathways. To visualise and transiently ablate chicken XCR1+ cDCs in situ, we generated XCR1-iCaspase9-RFP chickens using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockin transgenesis approach to precisely edit the XCR1 locus, replacing the XCR1 coding region with genes for a fluorescent protein (TagRFP), and inducible Caspase 9. After inducible ablation, the chicken spleen is initially repopulated by immature CD1.1+ XCR1+ cDCs. XCR1+ cDCs are abundant in the splenic red pulp, in close association with CD8+ T-cells. Knockout of XCR1 prevented this clustering of cDCs with CD8+ T-cells. Taken together these data indicate a conserved role for chicken and mammalian XCR1+ cDCs in driving CD8+ T-cells responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Wu
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Shih
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Joni Macdonald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Meunier
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Kris Hogan
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hazel Gilhooley
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Tuanjun Hu
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Sang
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. McGrew
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Balic
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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2
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Fan Z, Pathak JL, Ge L. The Potential Role of RP105 in Regulation of Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis During Inflammatory Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:713254. [PMID: 34414191 PMCID: PMC8369417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.713254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases have a negative impact on bone homeostasis via exacerbated local and systemic inflammation. Bone resorbing osteoclasts are mainly derived from hematopoietic precursors and bone marrow monocytes. Induced osteoclastogenesis during inflammation, autoimmunity, metabolic diseases, and cancers is associated with bone loss and osteoporosis. Proinflammatory cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or endogenous pathogenic factors induce osteoclastogenic differentiation by binding to the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family expressed on surface of osteoclast precursors. As a non-canonical member of the TLRs, radioprotective 105 kDa (RP105 or CD180) and its ligand, myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1), are involved in several bone metabolic disorders. Reports from literature had demonstrated RP105 as an important activator of B cells, bone marrow monocytes, and macrophages, which regulates inflammatory cytokines release from immune cells. Reports from literature had shown the association between RP105 and other TLRs, and the downstream signaling mechanisms of RP105 with different “signaling-competent” partners in immune cells during different disease conditions. This review is focused to summarize: (1) the role of RP105 on immune cells’ function and inflammation regulation (2) the potential regulatory roles of RP105 in different disease-mediated osteoclast activation and the underlying mechanisms, and (3) the different “signaling-competent” partners of RP105 that regulates osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhu Ge
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Chen X, Pan H, Li J, Zhang G, Cheng S, Zuo N, Zhao Q, Peng Z. Inhibition of myeloid differentiation 1 specifically in colon with antisense oligonucleotide exacerbates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16888-16899. [PMID: 31104313 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation 1 (MD-1), also known as lymphocyte antigen 86 (Ly86), is a soluble protein homologous to MD-2 and forms a complex with radioprotective 105 (RP105). RP105/MD-1 complex negatively regulates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and is involved in several immune disorders. However, the precise role of MD-1 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains poorly understood. To further investigate the involvement of MD-1 in IBD, we inhibited MD-1 in colon with antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) and assessed the effect of MD-1 inhibition on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We discovered that MD-1 protein expression was remarkably decreased in both patients with ulcerative colitis and mice with DSS-induced colitis. For the first time, we showed that oral administration of MD-1 AS-ODN to mice significantly suppressed the MD-1 protein levels in colon rather than systemic tissues. Subsequently, we found that MD-1 AS-ODN treated mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis based on loss of body weight, colon length, histological scores, and disease activity index. MD-1 inhibition also significantly enhanced inflammatory cytokines production such as IL-6 and IL-1β in colons. Finally, mice treated with MD-1 AS-ODN exhibited increased messenger RNA levels of TLR4 and MyD88 after DSS exposure and showed enhanced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation compared with the control. Taken together, specifically suppression of MD-1 in colon tissues with AS-ODN exacerbates DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice, which is possibly related to activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqin Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhe Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zuo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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4
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Xiong X, Liu Y, Mei Y, Peng J, Wang Z, Kong B, Zhong P, Xiong L, Quan D, Li Q, Wang G, Huang H. Novel Protective Role of Myeloid Differentiation 1 in Pathological Cardiac Remodelling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41857. [PMID: 28165494 PMCID: PMC5292962 DOI: 10.1038/srep41857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation 1 (MD-1), a secreted protein interacting with radioprotective 105 (RP105), plays an important role in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling pathway. Previous studies showed that MD-1 may be restricted in the immune system. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that MD-1 was highly expressed in both human and animal hearts. We also discovered that cardiac-specific overexpression of MD-1 significantly attenuated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction, whereas loss of MD-1 had the opposite effects. Similar results were observed for in vitro angiotensin II-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The antihypertrophic effects of MD-1 under hypertrophic stimuli were associated with the blockage of MEK-ERK 1/2 and NF-κB signalling. Blocking MEK-ERK 1/2 signalling with a pharmacological inhibitor (U0126) greatly attenuated the detrimental effects observed in MD-1 knockout cardiomyocytes exposed to angiotensin II stimuli. Similar results were observed by blocking NF-κB signalling with a pharmacological inhibitor (BAY11–7082). Our data indicate that MD-1 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and suppresses cardiac dysfunction during the remodelling process, which is dependent on its modulation of the MEK-ERK 1/2 and NF-κB signalling pathways. Thus, MD-1 might be a novel target for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojv Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jianye Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Dajun Quan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
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5
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Pan H, Zhang G, Zhang L, Wang W, Shang J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Li J. MD-1 deficiency attenuates dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis through modulating the function of colonic lamina propria dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Weekes MP, Antrobus R, Talbot S, Hör S, Simecek N, Smith DL, Bloor S, Randow F, Lehner PJ. Proteomic plasma membrane profiling reveals an essential role for gp96 in the cell surface expression of LDLR family members, including the LDL receptor and LRP6. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1475-84. [PMID: 22292497 PMCID: PMC3292266 DOI: 10.1021/pr201135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96 is required for the cell surface expression of a narrow range of proteins, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and integrins. To identify a more comprehensive repertoire of proteins whose cell surface expression is dependent on gp96, we developed plasma membrane profiling (PMP), a technique that combines SILAC labeling with selective cell surface aminooxy-biotinylation. This approach allowed us to compare the relative abundance of plasma membrane (PM) proteins on gp96-deficient versus gp96-reconstituted murine pre-B cells. Analysis of unfractionated tryptic peptides initially identified 113 PM proteins, which extended to 706 PM proteins using peptide prefractionation. We confirmed a requirement for gp96 in the cell surface expression of certain TLRs and integrins and found a marked decrease in cell surface expression of four members of the extended LDL receptor family (LDLR, LRP6, Sorl1 and LRP8) in the absence of gp96. Other novel gp96 client proteins included CD180/Ly86, important in the B-cell response to lipopolysaccharide. We highlight common structural motifs in these client proteins that may be recognized by gp96, including the beta-propeller and leucine-rich repeat. This study therefore identifies the extended LDL receptor family as an important new family of proteins whose cell surface expression is regulated by gp96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge , Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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7
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Marcucci G, Maharry K, Wu YZ, Radmacher MD, Mrózek K, Margeson D, Holland KB, Whitman SP, Becker H, Schwind S, Metzeler KH, Powell BL, Carter TH, Kolitz JE, Wetzler M, Carroll AJ, Baer MR, Caligiuri MA, Larson RA, Bloomfield CD. IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutations identify novel molecular subsets within de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2348-55. [PMID: 20368543 PMCID: PMC2881719 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the frequency and associations with prognostic markers and outcome of mutations in IDH genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases in adult de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic bone marrow or blood samples from 358 patients were analyzed for IDH1 and IDH2 mutations by DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification/sequencing. FLT3, NPM1, CEBPA, WT1, and MLL mutational analyses and gene- and microRNA-expression profiling were performed centrally. Results IDH mutations were found in 33% of the patients. IDH1 mutations were detected in 49 patients (14%; 47 with R132). IDH2 mutations, previously unreported in AML, were detected in 69 patients (19%; 13 with R172 and 56 with R140). R172 IDH2 mutations were mutually exclusive with all other prognostic mutations analyzed. Younger age (< 60 years), molecular low-risk (NPM1-mutated/FLT3-internal tandem duplication-negative) IDH1-mutated patients had shorter disease-free survival than molecular low-risk IDH1/IDH2-wild-type (wt) patients (P = .046). R172 IDH2-mutated patients had lower complete remission rates than IDH1/IDH2wt patients (P = .007). Distinctive microarray gene- and microRNA-expression profiles accurately predicted R172 IDH2 mutations. The highest expressed gene and microRNAs in R172 IDH2-mutated patients compared with the IDH1/IDH2wt patients were APP (previously associated with complex karyotype AML) and miR-1 and miR-133 (involved in embryonal stem-cell differentiation), respectively. CONCLUSION IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are recurrent in CN-AML and have an unfavorable impact on outcome. The R172 IDH2 mutations, previously unreported in AML, characterize a novel subset of CN-AML patients lacking other prognostic mutations and associate with unique gene- and microRNA-expression profiles that may lead to the discovery of novel, therapeutically targetable leukemogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Marcucci
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kati Maharry
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yue-Zhong Wu
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael D. Radmacher
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dean Margeson
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelsi B. Holland
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan P. Whitman
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Heiko Becker
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sebastian Schwind
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Klaus H. Metzeler
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bayard L. Powell
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas H. Carter
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan E. Kolitz
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Meir Wetzler
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew J. Carroll
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Maria R. Baer
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard A. Larson
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Clara D. Bloomfield
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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8
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Khatri I, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Fournier K, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Ulmer AJ, Terzioglu E, Waelli T, Gorczynski RM. Induction of tolerogenic vs immunogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of GM-CSF is regulated by the strength of signaling from monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in association with glutathione and fetal hemoglobin gamma-chain. Immunol Lett 2009; 124:44-9. [PMID: 19379773 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed a fetal sheep liver extract (FSLE), in association with monophosphoryl lipid A, MPLA (a bioactive component of lipid A of LPS), could interact to induce the development of dendritic cells (DCs) which regulated production of Foxp3+ Treg. This interaction was associated with an altered gene expression both of distinct subsets of TLRs and of CD200Rs. Prior studies had suggested that major interacting components within FSLE were gamma-chain of fetal hemoglobin (Hgbgamma) and glutathione (GSH). We investigated whether differentiation/maturation of DCs in vitro in the presence of either GM-CSF or Flt3L to produce preferentially either immunogenic or tolerogenic DCs was itself controlled by an interaction between MPLA, GSH and Hgbgamma. At low (approximately 10 microg/ml) Hgbgamma concentrations, DCs developing in culture with GSH and MPLA produced optimal stimulation of allogeneic CTL cell responses in vitro (and enhanced skin graft rejection in vivo). At higher concentrations (>40 microg/ml Hgbgamma) and equivalent concentrations of MPLA and GSH, the DCs induce populations of Treg which can suppress the induction of allogeneic CTL and graft rejection in vivo. These different populations of DCs express different patterns of mRNAs for the CD200R family. Addition of anti-TLR or anti-MD-1 mAbs to DCs developing in this mixture (Hgbgamma+GSH+MPLA), suggests that one effect of (GSH+Hgbgamma) on MPLA stimulation may involve altered signaling through TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismat Khatri
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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9
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Dai J, Liu B, Li Z. Regulatory T cells and Toll-like receptors: what is the missing link? Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:528-33. [PMID: 19539562 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical sensors for microbial products and are important in initiating both innate and adaptive immune defenses against pathogens. Emerging evidence suggests that TLRs are also expressed by regulatory T cells (Treg) that constitute an important immune suppressive cellular mechanism to curtail TLR hyperactivity to avoid sepsis and autoimmune diseases. This review brings up to date on the expression of functional TLRs on Treg and the functional impact of TLR activation on Treg biology. We argue that the suppressive function of Treg can be augmented or attenuated depending on the nature of TLR stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- Schering-Plough Biopharma (formerly DNAX Research Institute), Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104, USA.
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10
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Tada Y, Koarada S, Morito F, Mitamura M, Inoue H, Suematsu R, Ohta A, Miyake K, Nagasawa K. Toll-like receptor homolog RP105 modulates the antigen-presenting cell function and regulates the development of collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R121. [PMID: 18847495 PMCID: PMC2592811 DOI: 10.1186/ar2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction RP105 is a Toll-like receptor homolog expressed on B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages. We investigated the role of RP105 in the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods CIA was induced in RP105-deficient DBA/1 mice and the incidence and arthritis index were analyzed. The cytokine production by spleen cells was determined. The functions of the DCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs) from RP105-deficient or control mice were determined by adding these cells to the lymph node cell culture. Arthritis was also induced by incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) plus collagen or by injecting anti-collagen antibody and lipopolysaccharide. Results RP105-deficient mice showed accelerated onset of arthritis and increased severity. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by spleen cells from RP105-deficient mice was increased in comparison with that from wild-type mice. The DCs from RP105-deficient mice induced more IFN-γ production, whereas Tregs from those mice showed less inhibitory effect against IFN-γ production. RP105-deficient mice also showed more severe arthritis induced by collagen with IFA. Conclusions These results indicate that RP105 regulates the antigen-presenting cell function and Treg development, which induced the attenuation of the cell-mediated immune responses and, as a result, suppressed the development of CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Tada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
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11
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Khatri I, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Fournier K, Lee L, Mach J, Rietschel E, Ulmer A, Waelli T, Gorczynski R. A role for altered TLR gene expression in association with increased expression of CD200R in the induction of mucosal tissue CD4+ Treg in aged mice following gavage with a liver extract along with intramuscular monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) injection. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:771-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Kobayashi T, Takahashi K, Nagai Y, Shibata T, Otani M, Izui S, Akira S, Gotoh Y, Kiyono H, Miyake K. Tonic B cell activation by Radioprotective105/MD-1 promotes disease progression in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunol 2008; 20:881-91. [PMID: 18492657 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a crucial role in sensing microbial products and triggering immune responses. Recent reports have indicated that TLR7 and TLR9 have an important role in activating autoreactive B cells. In addition to TLR7 and TLR9, mouse B cells express TLR2, TLR4 and structurally related Radioprotective105 (RP105). We have previously shown that RP105 works in concert with TLR2/4 in antibody response to TLR2/4 ligands. We here report that B cells are constitutively activated by TLR2/4 and RP105. Such B cell activation was revealed by the gamma3 germ line transcript and serum IgG3 production, both of which were impaired by the lack of RP105 or TLR2/4. Serum IgG3 was not altered in germ-free or antibiotics-treated mice, suggesting that the microbial flora hardly contributes to the continuous activation of B cells. The lack of RP105-dependent B cell activation ameliorated disease progression in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. RP105(-/-) MRL/lpr mice showed less lymphoadenopathy/splenomegaly and longer survival than MRL/lpr mice. Whereas glomerulonephritis and auto-antibody production were not altered, improvement in blood urea nitrogen and lower incidence of renal arteritis indicated that renal function was ameliorated in the absence of RP105. Our results suggest that RP105-dependent tonic B cell activation has a pathogenic role in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Kobayashi
- Division of Infectious Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Gorczynski R, Khatri I, Lee L, Boudakov I. An Interaction between CD200 and Monoclonal Antibody Agonists to CD200R2 in Development of Dendritic Cells That Preferentially Induce Populations of CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5946-55. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Divanovic S, Trompette A, Petiniot LK, Allen JL, Flick LM, Belkaid Y, Madan R, Haky JJ, Karp CL. Regulation of TLR4 signaling and the host interface with pathogens and danger: the role of RP105. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:265-71. [PMID: 17470533 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As all immune responses have potential for damaging the host, tight regulation of such responses--in amplitude, space, time and character--is essential for maintaining health and homeostasis. It was thus inevitable that the initial wave of papers on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) in activating innate and adaptive immune responses would be followed by a second wave of reports focusing on the mechanisms responsible for restraining and modulating signaling by these receptors. This overview outlines current knowledge and controversies about the immunobiology of the RP105/MD-1 complex, a modulator of the most robustly signaling TLR, TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senad Divanovic
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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15
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Goldman M. Translational mini-review series on Toll-like receptors: Toll-like receptor ligands as novel pharmaceuticals for allergic disorders. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 147:208-16. [PMID: 17223960 PMCID: PMC1810467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and associated signalling pathways provides a key molecular basis for our understanding of the relationship between exposure to microbial products and susceptibility to immune-mediated disorders. Indeed, ligation of TLR controls innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing synthesis of pro- as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines and activation of effector as well as regulatory lymphocytes. TLRs are therefore considered as major targets for the development of vaccine adjuvants, but also of new immunotherapies. Herein, we review the potential of TLR ligands as a novel class of pharmaceuticals for the prevention or treatment of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goldman
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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16
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Gorczynski RM, Alexander C, Bessler W, Brandenburg K, Fournier K, Mach JP, Mueller S, Rietschel ET, Ulmer AJ, Waelli T, Zahringer U, Khatri I. An alteration in the levels of populations of CD4+ Treg is in part responsible for altered cytokine production by cells of aged mice which follows injection with a fetal liver extract. Immunol Lett 2007; 109:101-12. [PMID: 17339055 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have shown previously that a fetal sheep liver extract (FSLE) containing significant quantities of fetal ovine gamma globin chain (Hbgamma) and LPS injected into aged (>20 months) mice could reverse the altered polarization (increased IL-4 and IL-10 with decreased IL-2 and IFNgamma) in cytokine production seen from ConA stimulated lymphoid cells of those mice. The mechanism(s) behind this change in cytokine production were not previously investigated. We report below that aged mice show a >60% decline in numbers and suppressive function of both CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg and so-called Tr3 (CD4(+)TGFbeta(+)), and that their number/function is restored to levels seen in control (8-week-old) mice by FSLE. In addition, on a per cell basis, CD4(+)CD25(-)Treg from aged mice were >4-fold more effective in suppression of proliferation and IL-2 production from ConA-activated lymphoid cells of a pool of CD4(+)CD25(-)T cells from 8-week-old mice than similar cells from young animals, and this suppression by CD25(-)T cells was also ameliorated following FSLE treatment. Infusion of anti-TGFbeta and anti-IL-10 antibodies in vivo altered Treg development following FSLE treatment, and attenuated FSLE-induced alterations in cytokine production profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gorczynski
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ONT, Canada.
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17
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Coombes JL, Maloy KJ. Control of intestinal homeostasis by regulatory T cells and dendritic cells. Semin Immunol 2007; 19:116-26. [PMID: 17320411 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many different pathways contribute to the maintenance of tolerance to harmless antigens in the intestine. When these important pathways are compromised, chronic intestinal inflammation can develop. In particular, naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells have been shown to play an important role in the prevention and cure of colitis in animal models of intestinal inflammation. These regulatory T cell responses may be influenced by the local environment in the intestine. For example, functionally specialised populations of dendritic cells exist in the intestine which may favour regulatory type responses. Understanding how these pathways intersect may lead to the development of more specific therapies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine L Coombes
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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18
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Dai J, Liu B, Ngoi SM, Sun S, Vella AT, Li Z. TLR4 Hyperresponsiveness via Cell Surface Expression of Heat Shock Protein gp96 Potentiates Suppressive Function of Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:3219-25. [PMID: 17312170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the main mediators of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, heat shock protein gp96 is also an obligate chaperone for multiple TLRs including TLR4. We demonstrated recently that enforced cell surface expression of gp96 in a transgenic (Tg) mouse (96tm-Tg) conferred hyperresponsiveness to LPS and induced TLR4-dependent lupus-like autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the function of CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) in these mice in light of the important roles of T(reg) in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance against self-Ag as well as the increasing appreciation of TLR signaling on the regulation of T(reg). We found that the development of T(reg) was not impaired in 96tm-Tg mice. Contrary to the prediction of dampened T(reg) activity, we discovered that the suppressive functions of T(reg) were increased in 96tm-Tg mice. Inactivation of T(reg) during the neonatal stage of life exacerbated not only organ-specific diseases but also systemic autoimmune diseases. By crossing 96tm-Tg mice into the TLR4 null background, we demonstrated the critical roles of TLR4 in the amplification of T(reg) suppressive function. These findings illustrate that gp96 plays dual roles in regulating immune responses by augmenting proinflammatory responses and inducing T(reg) function, both of which are dependent on its ability to chaperone TLR4. Our study provides strong support to the notion of compensatory T(reg) activation by TLR ligation to dampen inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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