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Dailah HG, Hommdi AA, Koriri MD, Algathlan EM, Mohan S. Potential role of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the treatment of cancer: A contemporary nursing practice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24559. [PMID: 38298714 PMCID: PMC10828696 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have emerged as promising therapeutic options for cancer patients. Immunotherapies induce a host immune response that mediates long-lived tumor destruction, while targeted therapies suppress molecular mechanisms that are important for tumor maintenance and growth. In addition, cytotoxic agents and targeted therapies regulate immune responses, which increases the chances that these therapeutic approaches may be efficiently combined with immunotherapy to ameliorate clinical outcomes. Various studies have suggested that combinations of therapies that target different stages of anti-tumor immunity may be synergistic, which can lead to potent and more prolonged responses that can achieve long-lasting tumor destruction. Nurses associated with cancer patients should have a better understanding of the immunotherapies and targeted therapies, such as their efficacy profiles, mechanisms of action, as well as management and prophylaxis of adverse events. Indeed, this knowledge will be important in establishing care for cancer patients receiving immunotherapies and targeted therapies for cancer treatment. Moreover, nurses need a better understanding regarding targeted therapies and immunotherapies to ameliorate outcomes in patients receiving these therapies, as well as management and early detection of possible adverse effects, especially adverse events associated with checkpoint inhibitors and various other therapies that control T-cell activation causing autoimmune toxicity. Nurses practice in numerous settings, such as hospitals, home healthcare agencies, radiation therapy facilities, ambulatory care clinics, and community agencies. Therefore, as compared to other members of the healthcare team, nurses often have better opportunities to develop the essential rapport in providing effective nurse-led patient education, which is important for effective therapeutic outcomes and continuance of therapy. In this article, we have particularly focused on providing a detailed overview on targeted therapies and immunotherapies used in cancer treatment, management of their associated adverse events, and the impact as well as strategies of nurse-led patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Abdu Hommdi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi Dafer Koriri
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa Mohammed Algathlan
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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2
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Maehana T, Tanaka T, Hashimoto K, Kobayashi K, Kitamura H, Masumori N. Heat shock protein 90 is a new potential target of anti-rejection therapy in allotransplantation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:337-351. [PMID: 35397061 PMCID: PMC9346020 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical roles of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in immune reactions associated with viral infection and autoimmune disease are well known. To date, however, its roles in the alloimmune response and the immunosuppressive effect of HSP90 inhibitors in allotransplantation have remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG in allotransplantation models. C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c (H-2d) mice were used as donors for and recipients of skin and heart transplantation, respectively. Treatment with 17-DMAG (daily i.p.) or a vehicle was initiated 3 days before transplantation. Immunological outcomes were assessed by histopathological examinations, flow cytometric analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, ELISPOT assay, and MLR. 17-DMAG treatment significantly prolonged the survival of both skin and heart allografts. In 17-DMAG-treated mice, donor-reactive splenocytes producing IFN-γ were significantly reduced along with the intragraft mRNA expression level and serum concentration of IFN-γ. Intragraft mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines associated with both innate and adaptive immunity was suppressed in 17-DMAG-treated group. MLR showed suppression of the donor-specific proliferation of CD4 + T and CD19 + B cells in the spleens of 17-DMAG-treated mice. 17-DMAG treatment also reduced the number of activated NK cells. Furthermore, the treatment lowered the titers of donor-specific antibodies in the serum and prolonged a second skin allograft in mice sensitized by previous skin transplantation. HSP90 inhibition by 17-DMAG can affect various immune responses, including innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and humoral immunity, suggesting its therapeutic potential against acute rejection in allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Maehana
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Ko Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-1094, Japan
| | - Naoya Masumori
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
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Chen S, Yu Q, Zhou S. Plasmatic Levels of HSP90α at Diagnosis: A Novel Prognostic Indicator of Clinical Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients Treated With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:765115. [PMID: 34926266 PMCID: PMC8678125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.765115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was set to investigate the prognostic role of plasmatic levels of heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α) at diagnosis in advanced lung cancer patients treated with Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/Programmed cell death-Ligand protein 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy. Methods A total of 137 advanced lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy admitted to the Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital were enrolled in this study. Smooth curve fitting was conducted to address the nonlinearity of HSP90α and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We calculated the inflection point using a recursive algorithm. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to assess the prognostic value of HSP90α for PFS and OS. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between high HSP90α and disease progression and death risk. Results The average age of patients was 58.6 ± 9.8 years, and 73.7% of them were men. We divided patients according to their plasmatic levels of HSP90α into low (HSP90α <52.7 ng/ml) group and high (HSP90α ≥52.7 ng/ml) group. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a shorter PFS and OS for the high group with log-rank P < 0.05. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that high HSP90α was associated with an increased risk of disease progression and death after fully adjusting potential confounders with hazard ratio (HR) 1.8 (95% CI = 1.0–3.2) and HR 2.4 (95% CI = 1.1–5.1), respectively (P < 0.05). After stratification by subgroup analysis, the relationship between high HSP90α and the risk of disease progression and death was consistent across all patient subgroups. Conclusion Plasmatic levels of HSP90α at diagnosis can be considered a potential independent prognostic marker of advanced lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy. A further large-scale prospective validation study is needed to determine whether these results are widely applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Chen
- Medical Oncology of Respiratory, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Qitao Yu
- Medical Oncology of Respiratory, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shaozhang Zhou
- Medical Oncology of Respiratory, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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Xu F, He L, Zhan X, Chen J, Xu H, Huang X, Li Y, Zheng X, Lin L, Chen Y. DNA methylation-based lung adenocarcinoma subtypes can predict prognosis, recurrence, and immunotherapeutic implications. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25275-25293. [PMID: 33234739 PMCID: PMC7803536 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The marked heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) makes its diagnosis and treatment difficult. In addition, the aberrant DNA methylation profile contributes to tumor heterogeneity and alters the immune response. We used DNA methylation array data from publicly available databases to establish a predictive model for LUAD prognosis. Thirty-three methylation sites were identified as specific prognostic biomarkers, independent of patients' clinical characteristics. These methylation profiles were used to identify potential drug candidates and study the immune microenvironment of LUAD and response to immunotherapy. When compared with the high-risk group, the low-risk group had a lower recurrence rate and favorable prognosis. The tumor microenvironment differed between the two groups as reflected by the higher number of resting dendritic cells and a lower number of monocytes and resting mast cells in the low-risk group. Moreover, low-risk patients reported higher immune and stromal scores, lower tumor purity, and higher expression of HLA genes. Low-risk patients responded well to immunotherapy due to higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules and lower stemness index. Thus, our model predicted a favorable prognosis and increased overall survival for patients in the low-risk methylation group. Further, this model could provide potential drug targets to develop effective immunotherapies for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulu He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Zhan
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiexin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangyi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohe Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Zavareh RB, Spangenberg SH, Woods A, Martínez-Peña F, Lairson LL. HSP90 Inhibition Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy by Modulating the Surface Expression of Multiple Immune Checkpoint Proteins. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 28:158-168.e5. [PMID: 33113406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade, have the potential to significantly impact treatments for diverse tumor types. At present, response failures and immune-related adverse events remain significant issues, which could be addressed using optimized combination therapies. Through a cell-based chemical screen of ∼200,000 compounds, we identified that HSP90 inhibitors robustly decrease PD-L1 surface expression, through a mechanism that appears to involve the regulation of master transcriptional regulators (i.e., STAT-3 and c-Myc). Interestingly, HSP90 inhibitors were found to also modulate the surface expression of additional checkpoint proteins (i.e., PD-L2). In the MC-38 syngeneic mouse tumor model, HSP90 inhibition was found to dramatically reduce PD-L1 surface expression on isolated live tumor cells and, consistent with recent findings, was found to increase the number of activated CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment. These findings provide further rationale to explore HSP90 inhibitors as part of combination immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Beheshti Zavareh
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephan H Spangenberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashley Woods
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Francisco Martínez-Peña
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Jaeger AM, Stopfer L, Lee S, Gaglia G, Sandel D, Santagata S, Lin NU, Trepel JB, White F, Jacks T, Lindquist S, Whitesell L. Rebalancing Protein Homeostasis Enhances Tumor Antigen Presentation. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6392-6405. [PMID: 31213460 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the accumulation of extensive genomic alterations, many cancers fail to be recognized as "foreign" and escape destruction by the host immune system. Immunotherapies designed to address this problem by directly stimulating immune effector cells have led to some remarkable clinical outcomes, but unfortunately, most cancers fail to respond, prompting the need to identify additional immunomodulatory treatment options.Experimental Design: We elucidated the effect of a novel treatment paradigm using sustained, low-dose HSP90 inhibition in vitro and in syngeneic mouse models using genetic and pharmacologic tools. Profiling of treatment-associated tumor cell antigens was performed using immunoprecipitation followed by peptide mass spectrometry. RESULTS We show that sustained, low-level inhibition of HSP90 both amplifies and diversifies the antigenic repertoire presented by tumor cells on MHC-I molecules through an IFNγ-independent mechanism. In stark contrast, we find that acute, high-dose exposure to HSP90 inhibitors, the only approach studied in the clinic to date, is broadly immunosuppressive in cell culture and in patients with cancer. In mice, chronic non-heat shock-inducing HSP90 inhibition slowed progression of colon cancer implants, but only in syngeneic animals with intact immune function. Addition of a single dose of nonspecific immune adjuvant to the regimen dramatically increased efficacy, curing a subset of mice receiving combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS These highly translatable observations support reconsideration of the most effective strategy for targeting HSP90 to treat cancers and suggest a practical approach to repurposing current orally bioavailable HSP90 inhibitors as a new immunotherapeutic strategy.See related commentary by Srivastava and Callahan, p. 6277.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Jaeger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Stopfer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giorgio Gaglia
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Demi Sandel
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Forest White
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
The stability and function of many oncogenic mutant proteins depend on heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). This unique activity has inspired the exploration of HSP90 as an anticancer target for over two decades. Unfortunately, while clinical trials of highly optimized HSP90 inhibitors have demonstrated modest benefit for patients with advanced cancers, most commonly stabilization of disease, no HSP90 inhibitor has demonstrated sufficient efficacy to achieve FDA approval to date. This review discusses potential reasons for the limited success of these agents and how our increasingly sophisticated understanding of HSP90 suggests alternative, potentially more effective strategies for targeting it to treat cancers. First, we focus on insights gained from model organisms that suggest a fundamental role for HSP90 in supporting the adaptability and heterogeneity of cancers, key factors underlying their ability to evolve and acquire drug resistance. Second, we examine how HSP90’s role in promoting the stability of mutant proteins might be targeted in genetically unstable tumor cells to reveal their aberrant, foreign proteome to the immune system. Both of these emerging aspects of HSP90 biology suggest that the most effective use of HSP90 inhibitors may not be at high doses with the intent to kill cancer cells, but rather in combination with other molecularly targeted therapies at modest, non-heat shock-inducing exposures that limit the adaptive capacity of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Jaeger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Hsp90 inhibition destabilizes Ezh2 protein in alloreactive T cells and reduces graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood 2017; 129:2737-2748. [PMID: 28246193 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-735886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating T-cell alloreactivity has been a main strategy to reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Genetic deletion of T-cell Ezh2, which catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), inhibits GVHD. Therefore, reducing Ezh2-mediated H3K27me3 is thought to be essential for inhibiting GVHD. We tested this hypothesis in mouse GVHD models. Unexpectedly, administration of the Ezh2 inhibitor GSK126, which specifically decreases H3K27me3 without affecting Ezh2 protein, failed to prevent the disease. In contrast, destabilizing T-cell Ezh2 protein by inhibiting Hsp90 using its specific inhibitor AUY922 reduced GVHD in mice undergoing allogeneic HSCT. In vivo administration of AUY922 selectively induced apoptosis of activated T cells and decreased the production of effector cells producing interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α, similar to genetic deletion of Ezh2. Introduction of Ezh2 into alloreactive T cells restored their expansion and production of effector cytokines upon AUY922 treatment, suggesting that impaired T-cell alloreactivity by inhibiting Hsp90 is achieved mainly through depleting Ezh2. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the enzymatic SET domain of Ezh2 directly interacted with Hsp90 to prevent Ezh2 from rapid degradation in activated T cells. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 preserved antileukemia activity of donor T cells, leading to improved overall survival of recipient mice after allogeneic HSCT. Our findings identify the Ezh2-Hsp90 interaction as a previously unrecognized mechanism essential for T-cell responses and an effective target for controlling GVHD.
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Abstract
Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that plays prominent functional roles in nearly all aspects of cell biology. As a chaperone, it interacts with literally hundreds of "clients," many of which are important drivers, regulators, and promoters of cancer. Thus, HSP90 is a high-value target in the development of anticancer therapeutics. Despite its popularity, our overall knowledge of HSP90 in immune function has lagged behind its well-recognized tumor-supportive roles. The use of inhibitors of HSP90 as chemical biological probes has been invaluable in revealing important roles for the chaperone in multiple aspects of immune function. Given this critical link, we must now consider the question of how immune outcomes may be affected by the HSP90 inhibitors currently in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. This chapter will review some of the immunological aspects of HSP90 function in terms of its intracellular and extracellular roles in antigen presentation, immune effector cell tasks, and regulation of inflammatory processes. This review will further examine the value of HSP90 inhibitors within the context of cancer immunotherapy and will discuss how these drugs might be optimally utilized in combination with immune stimulatory approaches against cancer.
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10
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Huyan T, Li Q, Dong DD, Yang H, Zhang J, Huang QS, Yin DC, Shang P. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors induce functional inhibition of human natural killer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 38:77-86. [PMID: 26642940 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1119159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitously expressed ATP-dependent molecular chaperone across all species that helps to the correct the folding of many proteins related to important signaling pathways. Tumor cells expressing Hsp90 have more ATP-binding affinity than normal cells. Many correlative inhibitors have been developed to promising anti-tumor strategies and have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, the effect of Hsp90 inhibitors on immunocytes cannot be ignored. Natural killer (NK) cells are key components of the innate immune system that play a pivotal role in tumor surveillance. The present study has investigated the potential effect of four Hsp90 inhibitors (NVP-AUY922, BIIB021, 17-DMAG, and SNX-2112) on human primary NK cells. The viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, phenotype, and cytokine secretion of NK cells after inhibitor treatment were assessed. The results of this study demonstrated that the inhibitors had negative effects on NK cell activity in a dose-dependent manner. The four inhibitors significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of the NK cells by decreasing viability, inducing apoptosis and down-regulating the expression of cytokines and functional receptors. These findings suggest that more attention should be given to the effect of Hsp90 inhibitors on NK cell function during clinical trials and also represent a potential immunosuppressant strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huyan
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Dong
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Sheng Huang
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shang
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
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11
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Targeting the heat shock response in combination with radiotherapy: Sensitizing cancer cells to irradiation-induced cell death and heating up their immunogenicity. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:209-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Berges C, Bedke T, Stuehler C, Khanna N, Zehnter S, Kruhm M, Winter N, Bargou RC, Topp MS, Einsele H, Chatterjee M. Combined PI3K/Akt and Hsp90 targeting synergistically suppresses essential functions of alloreactive T cells and increases Tregs. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:1091-105. [PMID: 26265781 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a0814-413r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease is still a major cause of transplant-related mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It requires immunosuppressive treatments that broadly abrogate T cell responses, including beneficial ones directed against tumor cells or infective pathogens. Inhibition of the heat shock protein of 90 kDa has been demonstrated to eliminate tumor cells, as well as alloreactive T cells while preserving antiviral T cell immunity. Here, we show that the suppressive effects of heat shock protein of 90 kDa inhibition on alloreactive T cells were synergistically enhanced by concomitant inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is also strongly activated upon allogeneic stimulation. Molecular analyses revealed that this antiproliferative effect was mainly mediated by induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, we observed an increased proportion of activated regulatory T cells, which critically contribute to acute graft-versus-host disease control, upon combined heat shock protein of 90 kDa/Akt isoforms 1 and 2 or heat shock protein of 90 kDa/PI3K/p110δ isoform inhibition. Moreover, antiviral T cell immunity was functionally preserved after combined heat shock protein of 90 kDa/Akt isoforms 1 and 2 inhibition. Taken together, our data suggest that the combined heat shock protein of 90 kDa/PI3K/Akt inhibition approach represents a reasonable dual strategy to suppress residual tumor growth and efficiently deplete alloreactive T cells and thus, provide a rationale to prevent and treat acute graft-versus-host disease selectively without impairing pathogen-specific T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Berges
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Bedke
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stuehler
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Zehnter
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Kruhm
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Winter
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf C Bargou
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max S Topp
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Einsele
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manik Chatterjee
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Zunino B, Rubio-Patiño C, Villa E, Meynet O, Proics E, Cornille A, Pommier S, Mondragón L, Chiche J, Bereder JM, Carles M, Ricci JE. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy leads to an anticancer immune response via exposure of cell surface heat shock protein 90. Oncogene 2015; 35:261-8. [PMID: 25867070 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of peritoneal carcinomatosis is a major cause of treatment failure in colorectal cancer and is considered incurable. However, new therapeutic approaches have been proposed, including cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Although HIPEC has been effective in selected patients, it is not known how HIPEC prolongs a patient's lifespan. Here, we have demonstrated that HIPEC-treated tumor cells induce the activation of tumor-specific T cells and lead to vaccination against tumor cells in mice. We have established that this effect results from the HIPEC-mediated exposure of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 at the plasma membrane. Inhibition or blocking of HSP90, but not HSP70, prevented the HIPEC-mediated antitumoral vaccination. Our work raises the possibility that the HIPEC procedure not only kills tumor cells but also induces an efficient anticancer immune response, therefore opening new opportunities for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zunino
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Nice, France
| | - C Rubio-Patiño
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - E Villa
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - O Meynet
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - E Proics
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - A Cornille
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - S Pommier
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Nice, France
| | - L Mondragón
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - J Chiche
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - J-M Bereder
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Service de Chirurgie générale et Cancérologie Digestive, Nice, France
| | - M Carles
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Nice, France
| | - J-E Ricci
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Nice, France
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14
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Lee SL, Dempsey-Hibbert NC, Vimalachandran D, Wardle TD, Sutton P, Williams JHH. Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17211-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Haggerty TJ, Dunn IS, Rose LB, Newton EE, Pandolfi F, Kurnick JT. Heat shock protein-90 inhibitors enhance antigen expression on melanomas and increase T cell recognition of tumor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114506. [PMID: 25503774 PMCID: PMC4264751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to enhance antigen-specific T cell recognition of cancer cells, we have examined numerous modulators of antigen-expression. In this report we demonstrate that twelve different Hsp90 inhibitors (iHsp90) share the ability to increase the expression of differentiation antigens and MHC Class I antigens. These iHsp90 are active in several molecular and cellular assays on a series of tumor cell lines, including eleven human melanomas, a murine B16 melanoma, and two human glioma-derived cell lines. Intra-cytoplasmic antibody staining showed that all of the tested iHsp90 increased expression of the melanocyte differentiation antigens Melan-A/MART-1, gp100, and TRP-2, as well as MHC Class I. The gliomas showed enhanced gp100 and MHC staining. Quantitative analysis of mRNA levels showed a parallel increase in message transcription, and a reporter assay shows induction of promoter activity for Melan-A/MART-1 gene. In addition, iHsp90 increased recognition of tumor cells by T cells specific for Melan-A/MART-1. In contrast to direct Hsp90 client proteins, the increased levels of full-length differentiation antigens that result from iHsp90 treatment are most likely the result of transcriptional activation of their encoding genes. In combination, these results suggest that iHsp90 improve recognition of tumor cells by T cells specific for a melanoma-associated antigen as a result of increasing the expressed intracellular antigen pool available for processing and presentation by MHC Class I, along with increased levels of MHC Class I itself. As these Hsp90 inhibitors do not interfere with T cell function, they could have potential for use in immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Haggerty
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ian S. Dunn
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
| | - Lenora B. Rose
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
| | - Estelle E. Newton
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
| | - Franco Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - James T. Kurnick
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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16
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Trojandt S, Reske-Kunz AB, Bros M. Geldanamycin-mediated inhibition of heat shock protein 90 partially activates dendritic cells, but interferes with their full maturation, accompanied by impaired upregulation of RelB. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:16. [PMID: 24524692 PMCID: PMC3926270 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The chaperon heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) constitutes an important target for anti-tumor therapy due to its essential role in the stabilization of oncogenes. However, HSP90 is ubiquitously active to orchestrate protein turnover, chemotherapeutics that target HSP90 may affect immune cells as a significant side effect. Therefore, we asked for potential effects of pharmacological HSP90 inhibition at a therapeutically relevant concentration on human dendritic cells (DCs) as main inducers of both cellular and humoral immune responses, and on human CD4+ T cells as directly activated by DCs and essential to confer B cell help. Methods Unstimulated human monocyte-derived DCs (MO-DCs) were treated with the prototypical HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA). Based on dose titration studies performed to assess cytotoxic effects, GA was applied at a rather low concentration, comparable to serum levels of clinically used HSP90 inhibitors. The immuno-phenotype (surface markers, cytokines), migratory capacity, allo T cell stimulatory and polarizing properties (proliferation, cytokine pattern) of GA-treated MO-DCs were assessed. Moreover, effects of GA on resting and differentially stimulated CD4+ T cells in terms of cytotoxicity and proliferation were analysed. Results GA induced partial activation of unstimulated MO-DCs. In contrast, when coapplied in the course of MO-DC stimulation, GA prevented the acquisition of a fully mature DC phenotype. Consequently, this MO-DC population exerted lower allo CD4+ T cell stimulation and cytokine production. Furthermore, GA exerted no cytotoxic effect on resting T cells, but abrogated proliferation of T cells stimulated by MO-DCs at either state of activation or by stimulatory antibodies. Conclusion HSP90 inhibitors at clinically relevant concentrations may modulate adaptive immune responses both on the level of DC activation and T cell proliferation. Surprisingly, unstimulated DCs may be partially activated by that agent. However, due to the potent detrimental effects of HSP90 inhibitors on stimulated CD4+ T cells, as an outcome a patients T cell responses might be impaired. Therefore, HSP90 inhibitors most probably are not suitable for treatment in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches aimed to induce DC/T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Alarcon SV, Mollapour M, Lee MJ, Tsutsumi S, Lee S, Kim YS, Prince T, Apolo AB, Giaccone G, Xu W, Neckers LM, Trepel JB. Tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic factors impacting hsp90- targeted therapy. Curr Mol Med 2013; 12:1125-41. [PMID: 22804236 DOI: 10.2174/156652412803306729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In 1994 the first heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor was identified and Hsp90 was reported to be a target for anticancer therapeutics. In the past 18 years there have been 17 distinct Hsp90 inhibitors entered into clinical trial, and the small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors have been highly valuable as probes of the role of Hsp90 and its client proteins in cancer. Although no Hsp90 inhibitor has achieved regulatory approval, recently there has been significant progress in Hsp90 inhibitor clinical development, and in the past year RECIST responses have been documented in HER2-positive breast cancer and EML4-ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. All of the clinical Hsp90 inhibitors studied to date are specific in their target, i.e. they bind exclusively to Hsp90 and two related heat shock proteins. However, Hsp90 inhibitors are markedly pleiotropic, causing degradation of over 200 client proteins and impacting critical multiprotein complexes. Furthermore, it has only recently been appreciated that Hsp90 inhibitors can, paradoxically, cause transient activation of the protein kinase clients they are chaperoning, resulting in initiation of signal transduction and significant physiological events in both tumor and tumor microenvironment. An additional area of recent progress in Hsp90 research is in studies of the posttranslational modifications of Hsp90 itself and Hsp90 co-chaperone proteins. Together, a picture is emerging in which the impact of Hsp90 inhibitors is shaped by the tumor intracellular and extracellular milieu, and in which Hsp90 inhibitors impact tumor and host on a microenvironmental and systems level. Here we review the tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors that impact the efficacy of small molecules engaging the Hsp90 chaperone machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Alarcon
- Medical Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 10, Rm 12N230, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA
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18
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Bae J, Munshi A, Li C, Samur M, Prabhala R, Mitsiades C, Anderson KC, Munshi NC. Heat shock protein 90 is critical for regulation of phenotype and functional activity of human T lymphocytes and NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1360-71. [PMID: 23293352 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) has become an important therapeutic target with ongoing evaluation in a number of malignancies. Although Hsp90 inhibitors have a high therapeutic index with limited effects on normal cells, they have been described to inhibit dendritic cell function. However, its effect on human immune effector cells may have significant clinical implications, but remains unexplored. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of Hsp90 inhibition on human T lymphocyte and NK cells, including their Ag expression, activation, proliferation, and functional activities. These studies demonstrate that Hsp90 inhibition irreversibly downregulates cell surface expression of critical Ags (CD3, CD4, CD8), the costimulatory molecule (CD28, CD40L), and αβ receptors on T lymphocytes, as well as activating receptors (CD2, CD11a, CD94, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, KARp50.3) on NK cells. Hsp90 inhibition significantly reduced CD4 protein expression on T lymphocytes at both the cell surface and intracellular level, which was shown to be associated with aberrant regulation of Src-kinase p56(Lck). Downregulation of the Ags triggered by Hsp90 inhibition on CD3(+) T lymphocytes, both in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets, was associated with a disruption in their cellular activation, proliferation, and/or IFN-γ production, when the inhibition occurred either in activated or inactivated cells. In addition, downregulation of key activating receptors on NK cells following Hsp90 inhibition resulted in decreased cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Therefore, these observations demonstrate the need to closely monitor immune function in patients being treated with a Hsp90 inhibitor and may provide a potential therapeutic application in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooeun Bae
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Li Y, Li S, Hoshino M, Ishikawa R, Kajiwara C, Gao X, Zhao Y, Ishido S, Udono H, Wang JY. HSP90α deficiency does not affect immunoglobulin gene hypermutation and class switch but causes enhanced MHC class II antigen presentation. Int Immunol 2012; 24:751-8. [PMID: 22855849 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone required for efficient antigen presentation and cross-presentation. In addition, HSP90 was recently reported to interact with and stabilize the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and plays a critical role in immunoglobulin gene hypermutation and class switch recombination. In mice and humans, there are two HSP90 isoforms, HSP90α and HSP90β, but the in vivo role of each isoform remains largely unknown. Here we have analyzed humoral immune responses in HSP90α-deficient mice. We found that HSP90α deficiency did not affect AID protein expression. B cell development and maturation, as well as immunoglobulin gene hypermuation and class switch, occurred normally in HSP90α-deficient mice. However, antibody production to a T-dependent antigen was elevated in the mutant mice and this was associated with enhanced MHC class II antigen presentation to T helper cells by dendritic cells. Our results reveal a previously unidentified inhibitory role for HSP90α isoform in MHC class II antigen presentation and the humoral immune response. Along with our recent finding that HSP90α is required for antigen cross-presentation, these results suggest that HSP90α controls the balance of humoral and cellular immunity by dictating the fate of presentation of exogenous antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 210061, China
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20
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Bae J, Smith R, Daley J, Mimura N, Tai YT, Anderson KC, Munshi NC. Myeloma-specific multiple peptides able to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes: a potential therapeutic application in multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4850-60. [PMID: 22753586 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy of peptide vaccines may be enhanced by stimulating immune cells with multiple peptides derived from distinct tumor-associated antigens. We have evaluated the heteroclitic XBP1-US(184-192) (YISPWILAV), heteroclitic XBP1-SP(367-375) (YLFPQLISV), native CD138(260-268) (GLVGLIFAV), and native CS1(239-247) (SLFVLGLFL) peptides, which have strong HLA-A2 affinity and immunogenicity in combination, for their ability to elicit multiple myeloma antigen-specific responses. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Multipeptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (MP-CTL) were generated by the stimulation of CD3(+) T lymphocytes from HLA-A2(+) individuals with either autologous mature dendritic cells or T2 cells pulsed with a cocktail of these four peptides. RESULTS The peptide cocktail did not compromise tumor antigen-specific activity of CTLs. MP-CTLs displayed increased total, effector memory (CCR7(-)CD45RO(+)), and activated (CD69(+)) CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes. In addition, MP-CTL showed IFN-γ production, cell proliferation, and cytotoxicity against HLA-A2(+) multiple myeloma cells, including cells of HLA-A2(+) patients with multiple myeloma. Importantly, MP-CTLs showed specific responses in functional assays to each relevant peptide but not to an irrelevant HLA-A2-specific CMV pp65 (NLVPMVATV) peptide. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential therapeutic application of vaccination with a cocktail of HLA-A2-specific peptides to induce CTLs with a broad spectrum of immune responses against multiple myeloma antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooeun Bae
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Rao A, Taylor JL, Chi-Sabins N, Kawabe M, Gooding WE, Storkus WJ. Combination therapy with HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG reconditions the tumor microenvironment to improve recruitment of therapeutic T cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3196-206. [PMID: 22552283 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ineffective recognition of tumor cells by CD8+ T cells is a limitation of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, treatment regimens that coordinately promote enhanced antitumor CD8+ T-cell activation, delivery, and target cell recognition should yield greater clinical benefit. Using an MCA205 sarcoma model, we show that in vitro treatment of tumor cells with the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG results in the transient (proteasome-dependent) degradation of the HSP90 client protein EphA2 and the subsequent increased recognition of tumor cells by Type-1 anti-EphA2 CD8+ T cells. In vivo administration of 17-DMAG to tumor-bearing mice led to slowed tumor growth, enhanced/prolonged recognition of tumor cells by anti-EphA2 CD8+ T cells, reduced levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment, and activation of tumor-associated vascular endothelial cells in association with elevated levels of Type-1 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. When combined with EphA2-specific active vaccination or the adoptive transfer of EphA2-specific CD8+ T cells, 17-DMAG cotreatment yielded a superior tumor therapeutic regimen that was capable of rendering animals free of disease. Taken together, our findings indicate that 17-DMAG functions as an immune adjuvant in the context of vaccines targeting EphA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Rao
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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22
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Shimp SK, Chafin CB, Regna NL, Hammond SE, Read MA, Caudell DL, Rylander M, Reilly CM. Heat shock protein 90 inhibition by 17-DMAG lessens disease in the MRL/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 9:255-66. [PMID: 22543833 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has been found in kidneys and serum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr)/Fas(lpr) (MRL/lpr) autoimmune mice. We investigated if inhibition of HSP90 would reduce disease in MRL/lpr mice. In vitro, pretreatment of mesangial cells with HSP90 inhibitor Geldanamycin prior to immune-stimulation showed reduced expression of IL-6, IL-12 and NO. In vivo, we found HSP90 expression was elevated in MRL/lpr kidneys when compared to C57BL/6 mice and MRL/lpr mice treated with HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG. MRL/lpr mice treated with 17-DMAG showed decreased proteinuria and reduced serum anti-dsDNA antibody production. Glomerulonephritis and glomerular IgG and C3 were not significantly affected by administration of 17-DMAG in MRL/lpr. 17-DMAG increased CD8(+) T cells, reduced double-negative T cells, decreased the CD4/CD8 ratio and reduced follicular B cells. These studies suggest that HSP90 may play a role in regulating T-cell differentiation and activation and that HSP90 inhibition may reduce inflammation in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Shimp
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 21061, USA.
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23
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Abstract
During the past two decades, the paradigm for cancer treatment has evolved from relatively nonspecific cytotoxic agents to selective, mechanism-based therapeutics. Cancer chemotherapies were initially identified through screens for compounds that killed rapidly dividing cells. These drugs remain the backbone of current treatment, but they are limited by a narrow therapeutic index, significant toxicities and frequently acquired resistance. More recently, an improved understanding of cancer pathogenesis has given rise to new treatment options, including targeted agents and cancer immunotherapy. Targeted approaches aim to inhibit molecular pathways that are crucial for tumour growth and maintenance; whereas, immunotherapy endeavours to stimulate a host immune response that effectuates long-lived tumour destruction. Targeted therapies and cytotoxic agents also modulate immune responses, which raises the possibility that these treatment strategies might be effectively combined with immunotherapy to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Vanneman
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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24
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Incubation of whole blood at 39°C augments gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-induced protein 10 and IFN-γ responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1150-6. [PMID: 21613464 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00051-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A rarely challenged dogma in cell-mediated immune (CMI) assays is the incubation temperature, 37°C. Fever augments proinflammatory immune responses in vivo, and the aim of this study was to explore whether incubation at fever-range temperature could increase antigen-specific biomarker responses. We compared CMI responses following incubation of whole blood at 37°C and 39°C. Whole blood was obtained from (i) 34 healthy subjects whose blood was incubated with TB10.4 antigen, present in the Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine and many environmental mycobacteria; (ii) 8 TB patients and 8 controls incubated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens in the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT-IT); and (iii) from both groups incubated with a T cell mitogen. T cell responses (gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and responses from antigen-presenting cells (IFN-γ-induced protein 10 [IP-10]) were determined. We further evaluated the effect of adding interleukin-7 (IL-7) and blocking IL-10 during incubation. In TB patients, IFN-γ and IP-10 levels were increased 4.1- and 3.4-fold, respectively, at 39°C incubation (P < 0.001). Similar results were seen after mitogen stimulation. In subjects responding to TB10.4, the effects were less pronounced and significant only for IP-10. Incubation at 39°C increased IP-10 and IFN-γ responsiveness to both antigens and mitogen in persons with baseline or initial low responses. Adding IL-7 and blocking IL-10 augmented the effects in synergy with fever-range temperature. Incubation at fever-range temperature vividly increases CMI responsiveness to antigen stimulation in vitro in tuberculosis patients and may increase the sensitivity of CMI assays.
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Duerfeldt AS, Blagg BSJ. Hsp90 inhibition: elimination of shock and stress. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4983-7. [PMID: 20656483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) represent a class of molecular chaperones responsible for the maturation and stabilization of many oncogenic proteins. Disrupting the ability of ATP to bind and facilitate the operation of Hsp90 has emerged as a promising approach toward cancer chemotherapeutic development. While numerous Hsp90 inhibitory scaffolds have been identified, progress through the clinic has revealed many obstacles that should be addressed in future analogue development. Recent reports of the complications, pitfalls, and downstream effects associated with Hsp90 inhibition are discussed herein, in hopes of providing a reference that can be used to guide the future design of Hsp90 inhibitory scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Duerfeldt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Kansas, USA
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26
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Selective depletion of alloreactive T cells by targeted therapy of heat shock protein 90: a novel strategy for control of graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2009; 114:2829-36. [PMID: 19657113 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-224600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Current treatment of GVHD relies on immunosuppressive regimens, considerably increasing the incidence of opportunistic infections. As T cells mediate both GVHD as well as protection against viral infections and the malignant disease, strategies to selectively target host-reactive T cells without impairing pathogen- and disease-specific immunity are highly warranted. Activation of T cells is accompanied by increased expression of the chaperone heat shock protein of 90 kDa (Hsp90), which stabilizes several key signaling pathways crucial for T-cell activation. In this study, selective targeting of Hsp90 in activated T lymphocytes with pharmacologic inhibitors already applied successfully in anticancer therapy resulted in induction of apoptosis predominantly in activated cells. Moreover, if T cells were stimulated with allogeneic dendritic cells, alloreactive T cells were selectively eliminated. In contrast, third party reactions including antiviral T-cell immunity were quantitatively and functionally fully preserved. These data suggest that Hsp90 represents a novel target for selective depletion of alloreactive T cells, and provide the rationale for application of Hsp90 inhibitors as potential approach to selectively prevent and treat GVHD in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients without impairing pathogen- and disease-specific T-cell immunity.
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27
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Böll B, Eltaib F, Reiners KS, von Tresckow B, Tawadros S, Simhadri VR, Burrows FJ, Lundgren K, Hansen HP, Engert A, von Strandmann EP. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitor BIIB021 (CNF2024) depletes NF-kappaB and sensitizes Hodgkin's lymphoma cells for natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5108-16. [PMID: 19671844 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Hodgkin's lymphoma, constitutive activation of NF-kappaB promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has immune regulatory activity and supports the activation of NF-kappaB in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the effect of HSP90 inhibition on viability and NF-kappaB activity in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells and the consequences for their recognition and killing through natural killer (NK) cells. RESULTS The novel orally administrable HSP90 inhibitor BIIB021 (CNF2024) inhibited Hodgkin's lymphoma cell viability at low nanomolar concentrations in synergy with doxorubicin and gemcitabine. Annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D binding assay revealed that BIIB021 selectively induced cell death in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells but not in lymphocytes from healthy individuals. We observed that BIIB021 inhibited the constitutive activity of NF-kappaB and this was independent of IkappaB mutations. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of HSP90 inhibition on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. BIIB021 induced the expression of ligands for the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D on Hodgkin's lymphoma cells resulting in an increased susceptibility to NK cell-mediated killing. In a xenograft model of Hodgkin's lymphoma, HSP90 inhibition significantly delayed tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS HSP90 inhibition has direct antitumor activity in Hodgkin's lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, HSP90 inhibition may sensitize Hodgkin's lymphoma cells for NK cell-mediated killing via up-regulation of ligands engaging activating NK cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Böll
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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28
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Houlihan JL, Metzler JJ, Blum JS. HSP90alpha and HSP90beta isoforms selectively modulate MHC class II antigen presentation in B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7451-8. [PMID: 19494268 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two isoforms of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, alpha and beta, are abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of cells, yet only HSP90alpha serves as a chaperone to potentiate epitope presentation in the context of MHC class I molecules. By contrast, the role of HSP90 isoforms in MHC class II presentation of exogenous and endogenous Ags remains less clear. Studies here using human B lymphoblasts demonstrate the importance of HSP90alpha and HSP90beta isoforms in selectively regulating class II presentation of the diabetes autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Inactivation of HSP90 function using geldanamycin or radicicol inhibited MHC class II presentation of exogenous and endogenous GAD, but did not perturb the presentation of several other intra- and extracellular Ags. Treatment of human B cells with geldanamycin and radicicol did not alter cellular MHC class II expression, but did induce a stress response in these APCs. Yet, cell stress alone failed to perturb MHC class II presentation of GAD. HSP90 was found to associate with select Ags such as GAD in cells and ex vivo. Knockdown of HSP90alpha or HSP90beta expression using small interfering RNA decreased the abundance of each isoform, respectively, but did not affect MHC class II expression or induce a stress response. Notably, disruption of HSP90alpha or HSP90beta expression specifically inhibited class II presentation of the exogenous and endogenous GAD Ag. Precomplexing HSP90 with GAD Ag enhanced exogenous GAD Ag presentation. These results demonstrate a requirement for HSP90alpha and HSP90beta in regulating class II presentation of select Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josetta L Houlihan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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29
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Podar K, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. Bone marrow microenvironment and the identification of new targets for myeloma therapy. Leukemia 2009; 23:10-24. [PMID: 18843284 PMCID: PMC3418600 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex multi-step process involving both early and late genetic changes in the tumor cell as well as selective supportive conditions by the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Indeed, it is now well established that MM cell-induced disruption of the BM homeostasis between the highly organized cellular and extracellular compartments supports MM cell proliferation, survival, migration and drug resistance through activation of various signaling (for example, PI3K/Akt, JAK/Stat-, Raf/MEK/MAPK-, NFkappaB- and Wnt-) pathways. Based on our enhanced understanding of the functional importance of the MM BM microenvironment and its inter-relation with the MM cell resulting in homing, seeding, proliferation and survival, new molecular targets have been identified and derived treatment regimens in MM have already changed fundamentally during recent years. These agents include thalidomide, its immunomodulatory derivative lenalidomide and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which mediate tumor cytotoxicity in the BM milieu. Ongoing studies are further delineating MM pathogenesis in the BM to enhance cytotoxicity, avoid drug resistance and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Podar
- Department of Medical Oncology, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Zhang HG, Mehta K, Cohen P, Guha C. Hyperthermia on immune regulation: a temperature's story. Cancer Lett 2008; 271:191-204. [PMID: 18597930 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade the linkage between hyperthermia, heat shock proteins and fever with the body's immune system has been well investigated. The immunomodulatory function of hyperthermia has been found to be quite sensitively regulated by temperature, as different levels of heating can bring different modulatory effect on different sensitive targets. Understanding these intrinsic mechanisms could bring new inspirations on the design of clinical trials combining local tumor hyperthermia with immunotherapy in cancer patients. This review will attempt to tell the story about the effect of temperature on immune regulation, with special emphasis on the clinical application of hyperthermia and the feasibility of combining it with immunotherapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Gang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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32
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Didelot C, Lanneau D, Brunet M, Bouchot A, Cartier J, Jacquel A, Ducoroy P, Cathelin S, Decologne N, Chiosis G, Dubrez-Daloz L, Solary E, Garrido C. Interaction of heat-shock protein 90β isoform (HSP90β) with cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (c-IAP1) is required for cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2008:4402320. [PMID: 25361076 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family have demonstrated functions in cell death, cell signalling, cell migration and mitosis. Several of them are E3 enzymes in the ubiquitination of proteins that leads to their degradation by the proteosomal machinery. We previously reported that one of them, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (c-IAP1), migrated from the nucleus to the surface of the Golgi apparatus in cells undergoing differentiation. Here, we show that c-IAP1 is a client protein of the stress protein HSP90β. In three distinct cellular models, the two proteins interact and migrate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm along the differentiation process through a leptomycin B-sensitive pathway. Inhibition of HSP90 proteins by small chemical molecules and specific depletion of HSP90β isoform by siRNA both lead to auto-ubiquitination of c-IAP1 and its degradation by the proteasome machinery. This chaperone function of HSP90 towards c-IAP1 is specific of its β isoform as specific depletion of HSP90α does not affect c-IAP1 content. Chemical inhibition of HSP90 or siRNA-mediated depletion of HSP90β both inhibit cell differentiation, which can be reproduced by siRNA-mediated depletion of c-IAP1. Altogether, these results suggest that HSP90β prevents auto-ubiquitination and degradation of its client protein c-IAP1, whose depletion would be sufficient to inhibit cell differentiation.Cell Death and Differentiation advance online publication, 1 February 2008; doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4402320.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Didelot
- 1] INSERM, UMR 866, Dijon, France [2] University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - D Lanneau
- 1] INSERM, UMR 866, Dijon, France [2] University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - M Brunet
- 1] INSERM, UMR 866, Dijon, France [2] University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - P Ducoroy
- 1] IFR-Sante-STIC, Dijon, France [2] Department of haematology, CHU Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - S Cathelin
- 1] INSERM, UMR 866, Dijon, France [2] University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - N Decologne
- 1] INSERM, UMR 866, Dijon, France [2] University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - G Chiosis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Dubrez-Daloz
- 1] INSERM, UMR 866, Dijon, France [2] University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - E Solary
- 1] INSERM, UMR 866, Dijon, France [2] University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - C Garrido
- 1] INSERM, UMR 866, Dijon, France [2] University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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33
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Interaction of heat-shock protein 90β isoform (HSP90β) with cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (c-IAP1) is required for cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:859-66. [DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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