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Liu Y, Chen R, Liang R, Sun B, Wu Y, Zhang L, Kaufman J, Xia C. The Combination of CD8αα and Peptide-MHC-I in a Face-to-Face Mode Promotes Chicken γδT Cells Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:605085. [PMID: 33329601 PMCID: PMC7719794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD8αα homodimer is crucial to both thymic T cell selection and the antigen recognition of cytotoxic T cells. The CD8-pMHC-I interaction can enhance CTL immunity via stabilizing the TCR-pMHC-I interaction and optimizing the cross-reactivity and Ag sensitivity of CD8+ T cells at various stages of development. To date, only human and mouse CD8-pMHC-I complexes have been determined. Here, we resolved the pBF2*1501 complex and the cCD8αα/pBF2*1501 and cCD8αα/pBF2*0401 complexes in nonmammals for the first time. Remarkably, cCD8αα/pBF2*1501 and the cCD8αα/pBF2*0401 complex both exhibited two binding modes, including an “antibody-like” mode similar to that of the known mammal CD8/pMHC-I complexes and a “face-to-face” mode that has been observed only in chickens to date. Compared to the “antibody-like” mode, the “face-to-face” binding mode changes the binding orientation of the cCD8αα homodimer to pMHC-I, which might facilitate abundant γδT cells to bind diverse peptides presented by limited BF2 alleles in chicken. Moreover, the forces involving in the interaction of cCD8αα/pBF2*1501 and the cCD8αα/pBF2*0401 are different in this two binding model, which might change the strength of the CD8-pMHC-I interaction, amplifying T cell cross-reactivity in chickens. The coreceptor CD8αα of TCR has evolved two peptide-MHC-I binding patterns in chickens, which might enhance the T cell response to major or emerging pathogens, including chicken-derived pathogens that are relevant to human health, such as high-pathogenicity influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jim Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The concept of co-evolution (or co-adaptation) has a long history, but application at molecular levels (e.g., 'supergenes' in genetics) is more recent, with a consensus definition still developing. One interesting example is the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In contrast to typical mammals that have many class I and class I-like genes, only two classical class I genes, two CD1 genes and some non-classical Rfp-Y genes are known in chicken, and all are found on the microchromosome that bears the MHC. Rarity of recombination between the closely linked and polymorphic genes encoding classical class I and TAPs allows co-evolution, leading to a single dominantly expressed class I molecule in each MHC haplotype, with strong functional consequences in terms of resistance to infectious pathogens. Chicken tapasin is highly polymorphic, but co-evolution with TAP and class I genes remains unclear. T-cell receptors, natural killer (NK) cell receptors, and CD8 co-receptor genes are found on non-MHC chromosomes, with some evidence for co-evolution of surface residues and number of genes along the avian and mammalian lineages. Over even longer periods, co-evolution has been invoked to explain how the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates arose from closely linked receptor, ligand, and antigen-processing genes in the primordial MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Liu Y, Li X, Qi J, Zhang N, Xia C. The structural basis of chicken, swine and bovine CD8αα dimers provides insight into the co-evolution with MHC I in endotherm species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24788. [PMID: 27122108 PMCID: PMC4848529 DOI: 10.1038/srep24788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the pivotal molecules of the adaptive immune system (AIS) maintain their inherent characteristics and relationships with their co-receptors over the course of co-evolution. CD8α, a fundamental but simple AIS component with only one immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain, is a good example with which to explore this question because it can fold correctly to form homodimers (CD8αα) and interact with peptide-MHC I (p/MHC I) with low sequence identities between different species. Hereby, we resolved the crystal structures of chicken, swine and bovine CD8αα. They are typical homodimers consisting of two symmetric IgV domains with distinct species specificities. The CD8αα structures indicated that a few highly conserved residues are important in CD8 dimerization and in interacting with p/MHC I. The dimerization of CD8αα mainly depends on the pivotal residues on the dimer interface; in particular, four aromatic residues provide many intermolecular forces and contact areas. Three residues on the surface of CD8α connecting cavities that formed most of the hydrogen bonds with p/MHC I were also completely conserved. Our data propose that a few key conserved residues are able to ensure the CD8α own structural characteristics despite the great sequence variation that occurs during evolution in endotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apiculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nianzhi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,The Key Laboratory Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100094, China
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Xu Q, Chen Y, Zhao WM, Huang ZY, Duan XJ, Tong YY, Zhang Y, Li X, Chang GB, Chen GH. The CD8α gene in duck (Anatidae): cloning, characterization, and expression during viral infection. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:431-9. [PMID: 25332128 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 8 alpha (CD8α) is critical for cell-mediated immune defense and T-cell development. Although CD8α sequences have been reported for several species, very little is known about CD8α in ducks. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses of ducks, we cloned CD8α coding sequences from domestic, Muscovy, Mallard, and Spotbill ducks using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Each sequence consisted of 714 nucleotides and encoded a signal peptide, an IgV-like domain, a stalk region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. We identified 58 nucleotide differences and 37 amino acid differences among the four types of duck; of these, 53 nucleotide and 33 amino acid differences were between Muscovy ducks and the other duck species. The CD8α cDNA sequence from domestic duck consisted of a 61-nucleotide 5' untranslated region (UTR), a 714-nucleotide open reading frame, and an 849-nucleotide 3' UTR. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the amino acid sequence of CD8α is conserved in vertebrates. RT-PCR revealed that expression of CD8α mRNA of domestic ducks was highest in the thymus and very low in the kidney, cerebrum, cerebellum, and muscle. Immunohistochemical analyses detected CD8α on the splenic corpuscle and periarterial lymphatic sheath of the spleen. CD8α mRNA in domestic ducklings was initially up-regulated, and then down-regulated, in the thymus, spleen, and liver after treatment with duck hepatitis virus type I (DHV-1) or the immunostimulant polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abernathy J, Li X, Jia X, Chou W, Lamont SJ, Crooijmans R, Zhou H. Copy number variation in Fayoumi and Leghorn chickens analyzed using array comparative genomic hybridization. Anim Genet 2014; 45:400-11. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Abernathy
- Department of Animal Science; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - X. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong 271018 China
- Department of Poultry Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - X. Jia
- Department of Animal Science; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - W. Chou
- Department of Poultry Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - S. J. Lamont
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - R. Crooijmans
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre; Wageningen University; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - H. Zhou
- Department of Animal Science; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
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Hansen JD, Farrugia TJ, Woodson J, Laing KJ. Description of an elasmobranch TCR coreceptor: CD8α from Rhinobatos productus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:452-460. [PMID: 21110999 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity plays an essential role for the control and eradication of intracellular pathogens. To learn more about the evolutionary origins of the first signal (Signal 1) for T-cell activation, we cloned CD8α from an elasmobranch, Rhinobatos productus. Similar to full-length CD8α cDNAs from other vertebrates, Rhpr-CD8α (1800bp) encodes a 219 amino acid open reading frame composed of a signal peptide, an extracellular IgSF V domain and a stalk/hinge region followed by a well-conserved transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail. Overall, the mature Rhpr-CD8α protein (201 aa) displays ∼ 30% amino acid identity with mammalian CD8α including absolute conservation of cysteine residues involved in the IgSf V domain fold and dimerization of CD8αα and CD8αβ. One prominent feature is the absence of the LCK association motif (CXC) that is needed for achieving signal 1 in tetrapods. Both elasmobranch and teleost CD8α protein sequences possess a similar but distinctly different motif (CXH) in the cytoplasmic tail. The overall genomic structure of CD8α has been conserved during the course of vertebrate evolution both for the number of exons and phase of splicing. Finally, quantitative RTPCR demonstrated that elasmobranch CD8α is expressed in lymphoid-rich tissues similar to CD8 in other vertebrates. The results from this study indicate the existence of CD8 prior to the emergence of the gnathostomes (>450 MYA) while providing evidence that the canonical LCK association motif in mammals is likely a derived characteristic of tetrapod CD8α, suggesting potential differences for T-cell education and activation in the various gnathostomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hansen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
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Quiniou SMA, Sahoo M, Edholm ES, Bengten E, Wilson M. Channel catfish CD8α and CD8β co-receptors: characterization, expression and polymorphism. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:894-901. [PMID: 21272650 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report the identification and characterization of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus CD8α and CD8β genes. Both genes encode predicted proteins containing a leader, a immunoglobulin superfamily V domain, a stalk/hinge region, a transmembrane region and a positively charged cytoplasmic tail (CYT) containing the conserved teleost C-X-H motif. Catfish CD8α and CD8β are encoded as single copy genes and as in other vertebrates exhibit a conserved head to tail synteny; the CD8β gene is found 14.1kb upstream of the CD8α gene. Both CD8α and CD8β transcripts showed a low degree of polymorphism. Finally, as determined by q-PCR both CD8α and CD8β are expressed in various catfish lymphoid tissues with the highest expression observed in thymus from 2 month old catfish-fry. In the future these results will provide the basis for evaluating the role of CD8(+) CTL and other CD8-bearing cells in response to immunization or infection in the catfish.
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Wang X, Nahashon S, Feaster TK, Bohannon-Stewart A, Adefope N. An initial map of chromosomal segmental copy number variations in the chicken. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:351. [PMID: 20525236 PMCID: PMC2996973 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal segmental copy number variation (CNV) has been recently recognized as a very important source of genetic variability. Some CNV loci involve genes or conserved regulatory elements. Compelling evidence indicates that CNVs impact genome functions. The chicken is a very important farm animal species which has also served as a model for biological and biomedical research for hundreds of years. A map of CNVs in chickens could facilitate the identification of chromosomal regions that segregate for important agricultural and disease phenotypes. Results Ninety six CNVs were identified in three lines of chickens (Cornish Rock broiler, Leghorn and Rhode Island Red) using whole genome tiling array. These CNVs encompass 16 Mb (1.3%) of the chicken genome. Twenty six CNVs were found in two or more animals. Whereas most small sized CNVs reside in none coding sequences, larger CNV regions involve genes (for example prolactin receptor, aldose reductase and zinc finger proteins). These results suggest that chicken CNVs potentially affect agricultural or disease related traits. Conclusion An initial map of CNVs for the chicken has been described. Although chicken genome is approximately one third the size of a typical mammalian genome, the pattern of chicken CNVs is similar to that of mammals. The number of CNVs detected per individual was also similar to that found in dogs, mice, rats and macaques. A map of chicken CNVs provides new information on genetic variations for the understanding of important agricultural traits and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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Yoder JA. Form, function and phylogenetics of NITRs in bony fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:135-144. [PMID: 18840463 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel immune-type receptors (NITRs) are encoded by clusters of multigene families and have been identified in multiple bony fish species. All NITRs possess one extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of the variable (V) type and recent crystal structures of NITR V domains demonstrate their high degree of similarity to V domains of antigen receptors. Many NITRs possess a second extracellular Ig domain of the intermediate (I) type which helps differentiate NITRs from other V domain receptors. The majority of NITRs are type I transmembrane receptors; however, a small number are predicted to encode secreted proteins. Based on their sequence and structure, NITRs have been proposed to be "functional orthologs" of mammalian natural killer receptors (NKRs). Like NKRs, most NITRs possess short functional motifs permitting their classification as inhibitory or activating. NITRs lacking these motifs are functionally ambiguous. Inhibitory and activating NKRs utilize opposing signaling mechanisms to influence the response of NK cells to target cells; studies employing recombinant NITRs suggest that these signaling pathways are conserved between NKRs and NITRs. An analysis of all published NITR sequences demonstrates the conserved nature of multiple residues within the NITR Ig domains permitting the identification of NITR ESTs from salmon, cod, halibut, lake whitefish and stickleback species. Complete data sets of NITRs from the sequencing of the zebrafish and medaka genomes provide insight into the evolution of the NITRs within bony fish species. It is likely that all teleost species encode NITRs which function within innate immunity to regulate cell mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Desai S, Heffelfinger AK, Orcutt TM, Litman GW, Yoder JA. The medaka novel immune-type receptor (NITR) gene clusters reveal an extraordinary degree of divergence in variable domains. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:177. [PMID: 18565225 PMCID: PMC2442602 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel immune-type receptor (NITR) genes are members of diversified multigene families that are found in bony fish and encode type I transmembrane proteins containing one or two extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. The majority of NITRs can be classified as inhibitory receptors that possess cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs). A much smaller number of NITRs can be classified as activating receptors by the lack of cytoplasmic ITIMs and presence of a positively charged residue within their transmembrane domain, which permits partnering with an activating adaptor protein. RESULTS Forty-four NITR genes in medaka (Oryzias latipes) are located in three gene clusters on chromosomes 10, 18 and 21 and can be organized into 24 families including inhibitory and activating forms. The particularly large dataset acquired in medaka makes direct comparison possible to another complete dataset acquired in zebrafish in which NITRs are localized in two clusters on different chromosomes. The two largest medaka NITR gene clusters share conserved synteny with the two zebrafish NITR gene clusters. Shared synteny between NITRs and CD8A/CD8B is limited but consistent with a potential common ancestry. CONCLUSION Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses between the complete datasets of NITRs from medaka and zebrafish indicate multiple species-specific expansions of different families of NITRs. The patterns of sequence variation among gene family members are consistent with recent birth-and-death events. Similar effects have been observed with mammalian immunoglobulin (Ig), T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes. NITRs likely diverged along an independent pathway from that of the somatically rearranging antigen binding receptors but have undergone parallel evolution of V family diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Desai
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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