1
|
Yoshimura T, Manabe C, Inokuchi Y, Mutou C, Nagahama T, Murakami S. Protective effect of taurine on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111898. [PMID: 34246188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid derivative, exists at a high concentration in the skin and is considered to play an important role in maintaining moisture homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of oral taurine supplementation on epidermal moisture content and wrinkle formation, as well as skin taurine content, using ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. Wrinkles were induced by exposing hairless mice to UVB radiation (70-100 mJ/cm2). Taurine was dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 0.3 or 3% (w/v) and given to the mice ad libitum for 2-10 weeks. Taurine was then extracted from the dorsal skin, and the skin taurine content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The wrinkles were evaluated using a wrinkle score and the quantitative wrinkle area ratio. The exposure of the mice to UVB radiation for 4 weeks resulted in a decreased moisture content and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in the skin, while taurine supplementation suppressed these changes. Oral supplementation with taurine for 8 weeks ameliorated the development of UVB-induced wrinkle formation. Furthermore, oral taurine supplementation for 4 weeks decreased pre-stablished wrinkles in a dose-dependent manner. Although the UVB radiation reduced the epidermal taurine content, oral taurine supplementation partly restored the taurine content in the epidermis. The present study showed that oral taurine supplementation is able to suppress UVB-induced wrinkle formation, which may be associated with the regulation of moisture content in the epidermis. The beneficial effects of taurine on skin aging may be attributed to its osmoregulatory role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Yoshimura
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Chika Manabe
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Inokuchi
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Chikako Mutou
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Tohru Nagahama
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Murakami
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 910-1195 Fukui, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Passeron T, Zouboulis CC, Tan J, Andersen ML, Katta R, Lyu X, Aguilar L, Kerob D, Morita A, Krutmann J, Peters EMJ. Adult skin acute stress responses to short-term environmental and internal aggression from exposome factors. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1963-1975. [PMID: 34077579 PMCID: PMC8519049 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposome factors that lead to stressed skin can be defined as any disturbance to homeostasis from environmental (meteorological factors, solar radiation, pollution or tobacco smoke) and/or internal exposure (unhealthy diet, hormonal variations, lack of sleep, psychosocial stress). The clinical and biological impact of chronic exposome effects on skin functions has been extensively reviewed, whereas there is a paucity of information on the impact of short‐term acute exposure. Acute stress, which would typically last minutes to hours (and generally no more than a week), provokes a transient but robust neuroendocrine‐immune and tissue remodelling response in the skin and can alter the skin barrier. Firstly, we provide an overview of the biological effects of various acute stressors on six key skin functions, namely the skin physical barrier, pigmentation, defences (antioxidant, immune cell‐mediated, microbial and microbiome maintenance), structure (extracellular matrix and appendages), neuroendocrine and thermoregulation functions. Secondly, we describe the biological and clinical effects on adult skin from individual exposome factors that elicit an acute stress response and their consequences in skin health maintenance. Clinical manifestations of acutely stressed skin may include dry skin that might accentuate fine lines, oily skin, sensitive skin, pruritus, erythema, pale skin, sweating, oedema and flares of inflammatory skin conditions such as acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, pigmentation disorders and skin superinfection such as viral reactivation. Acute stresses can also induce scalp sensitivity, telogen effluvium and worsen alopecia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Centre Nice, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.,INSERM U1065, team 12, C3M, Nice, France
| | - C C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - J Tan
- Windsor Clinical Research Inc., Windsor, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - M L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Katta
- Volunteer Clinical Faculty, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - X Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Aguilar
- L'Oréal Advanced Research, Aulnay-sous-bois, France
| | - D Kerob
- Laboratoires Vichy, Levallois Perret, France
| | - A Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - J Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Medical faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - E M J Peters
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany.,Charité Center 12 (CC12) for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoshimura T, Inokuchi Y, Mutou C, Sakurai T, Nagahama T, Murakami S. Age-related decline in the taurine content of the skin in rodents. Amino Acids 2021; 53:429-434. [PMID: 33608821 PMCID: PMC7979616 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, occurs at high concentrations in the skin, and plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of the skin. We investigated the effects of aging on the content and localization of taurine in the skin of mice and rats. Taurine was extracted from the skin samples of hairless mice and Sprague Dawley rats, and the taurine content of the skin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of the investigation revealed that the taurine content in both the dermis and epidermis of hairless mice declined significantly with age. Similar age-related decline in the skin taurine content was also observed in rats. In contrast, the taurine content in the sole remained unchanged with age. An immunohistochemical analysis also revealed a decreased skin taurine content in aged animals compared with younger animals, although no significant differences in the localization of taurine were observed between the two age groups. Supplementation of the drinking water of aged mice with 3% (w/v) taurine for 4 weeks increased the taurine content of the epidermis, but not the dermis. The present study showed for the first time that the taurine content of the skin decreased with age in mice and rats, which may be related to the impairment of the skin homeostasis observed with aging. The decreased taurine content of the epidermis in aged animals was able to be rescued by taurine supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Yoshimura
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Yuki Inokuchi
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Chikako Mutou
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Takanobu Sakurai
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Tohru Nagahama
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Shigeru Murakami
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui, 910-1195 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baseggio Conrado A, Fanelli S, McGuire VA, Ibbotson SH. Role of Hypotaurine in Protection against UVA-Induced Damage in Keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:353-359. [PMID: 32959397 DOI: 10.1111/php.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoageing and skin cancer are major causes of morbidity and are a high cost to society. Interest in the development of photoprotective agents for inclusion in topical cosmetic and sunscreen products is profound. Recently, amino acids with a sulfinic group, notably hypotaurine, have been included as ingredients in cosmetic preparations. However, the mechanism of action of hypotaurine as a possible anti-aging agent is unknown, despite its use as a free radical scavenger. To address this issue, we investigated hypotaurine uptake in a human keratinocyte model and examined its effect on UVR-induced cytotoxicity. Hypotaurine was taken up by keratinocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with levels remaining significantly above baseline 48 h after washout. A cytoprotective effect of pre-incubation with 2.5-5 mMhypotaurine was shown as indicated by increased cell viability when keratinocytes were irradiated with UVA at 5 or 10 Jcm-2 , with the level of hypotaurine also significantly reduced. These findings indicate a potential cytoprotective effect of hypotaurine against the deleterious effects of UVA irradiation. This provides support for further studies to evaluate the potential photoprotective benefits of hypotaurine supplementation of topical cosmetic and sunscreen products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Fanelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences " A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoria Anne McGuire
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sally Helen Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El-Chami C, Foster AR, Johnson C, Clausen RP, Cornwell P, Haslam IS, Steward MC, Watson REB, Young HS, O'Neill CA. Organic osmolytes increase expression of specific tight junction proteins in skin and alter barrier function in keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:482-494. [PMID: 32348549 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal barrier is important for water conservation, failure of which is evident in dry-skin conditions. Barrier function is fulfilled by the stratum corneum, tight junctions (TJs, which control extracellular water) and keratinocyte mechanisms, such as organic osmolyte transport, which regulate intracellular water homeostasis. Organic osmolyte transport by keratinocytes is largely unexplored and nothing is known regarding how cellular and extracellular mechanisms of water conservation may interact. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize osmolyte transporters in skin and keratinocytes, and, using transporter inhibitors, to investigate whether osmolytes can modify TJs. Such modification would suggest a possible link between intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of water regulation in skin. METHODS Immunostaining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of organic osmolyte-treated organ-cultured skin were used to identify changes to organic osmolyte transporters, and TJ protein and gene expression. TJ functional assays were performed on organic osmolyte-treated primary human keratinocytes in culture. RESULTS Immunostaining demonstrated the expression of transporters for betaine, taurine and myo-inositol in transporter-specific patterns. Treatment of human skin with either betaine or taurine increased the expression of claudin-1, claudin-4 and occludin. Osmolyte transporter inhibition abolished this response. Betaine and taurine increased TJ function in primary human keratinocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of skin with organic osmolytes modulates TJ structure and function, which could contribute to the epidermal barrier. This emphasizes a role for organic osmolytes beyond the maintenance of intracellular osmolarity. This could be harnessed to enhance topical therapies for diseases characterized by skin barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C El-Chami
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - A R Foster
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - C Johnson
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - R P Clausen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Cornwell
- TRI Princeton, 601 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - I S Haslam
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - M C Steward
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - R E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - H S Young
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C A O'Neill
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Righi V, Tarentini E, Mucci A, Reggiani C, Rossi MC, Ferrari F, Casari A, Magnoni C. Field cancerization therapy with ingenol mebutate contributes to restoring skin-metabolism to normal-state in patients with actinic keratosis: a metabolomic analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11515. [PMID: 31395965 PMCID: PMC6687779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a skin premalignant lesion, which progresses into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) if left untreated. Ingenol mebutate gel is approved for local treatment of non-hyperkeratotic, non-hypertrophic AK; it also has the potential to act as a field cancerization therapy to prevent the progression of AK to SCC. To gain better insights into the mechanisms of ingenol mebutate beyond the mere clinical assessment, we investigated, for the first time, the metabolome of skin tissues from patients with AK, before and after ingenol mebutate treatment, with high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The metabolomic profiles were compared with those of tissues from healthy volunteers. Overall, we identified a number of metabolites, the homeostasis of which became altered during the process of tumorigenesis from healthy skin to AK, and was restored, at least partially, by ingenol mebutate therapy. These metabolites may help to attain a better understanding of keratinocyte metabolism and to unmask the metabolic pathways related to cell proliferation. These results provide helpful information to identify biomarkers with prognostic and therapeutic significance in AK, and suggest that field cancerization therapy with ingenol mebutate may contribute to restore skin metabolism to a normal state in patients with AK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Righi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Università di Bologna, Campus Rimini, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Tarentini
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Camilla Reggiani
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Rossi
- Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Alice Casari
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Magnoni
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dayang W, Dongbo P. Osmolyte taurine induction in UVA exposed human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2018; 37:338-343. [PMID: 29658345 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1465078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the osmolytes expression in ultraviolet (UVA) stressed human retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS Osmolyte transporters and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) messenger RNA (mRNA) were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Osmolyte uptake was measured by radioimmunoassay. VEGF concentrations were determined by immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Osmolyte taurine transporter (TAUT) were silenced by siRNA technology. RESULTS Hypertonicity accelerated osmolyte betaine uptake, myoinositol uptake, and taurine uptake, compared to normotonic stress. UVA irradiation also accelerated osmolyte transporters expression and osmolytes uptake. Especially, osmolyte taurine remarkably inhibited VEGF release induced by UVA irradiation. VEGF in the UVA stressed retinal pigment epithelial cell supernatant was accumulated slow after taurine preincubation. VEGF expression increased significantly in UVA-stressed cells after TAUT silencing. Moreover, taurine reduced the VEGF level in human ocular aqueous humor. CONCLUSION The inhibition of VEGF by osmolyte taurine plays the crucial role in retina adaption to UVA irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Dayang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , P.R. China
| | - Pang Dongbo
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Chami C, Haslam IS, Steward MC, O'Neill CA. Organic osmolytes preserve the function of the developing tight junction in ultraviolet B-irradiated rat epidermal keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5167. [PMID: 29581434 PMCID: PMC5979960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal barrier function is provided by the highly keratinised stratum corneum and also by tight junctions (TJs) in the granular layer of skin. The development of the TJ barrier significantly deteriorates in response to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). Following exposure to UVB, keratinocytes accumulate organic osmolytes, which are known to preserve cell volume during water stress. Since TJs are intimately associated with control of water homeostasis in skin, we hypothesised that there may be a direct influence of osmolytes on TJ development. Exposure of rat epidermal keratinocytes (REKs) to a single dose of UVB reduced the function of developing TJs. This was concomitant with dislocalisation of claudin-1 and claudin-4 from the keratinocyte plasma membrane, phosphorylation of occludin and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the presence of organic osmolytes, these effects were negated but were independent of the effects of these molecules on cell volume, elevation of ROS or the gene expression of TJ proteins. These data suggest that organic osmolytes affect TJs via post-translational mechanism(s) possibly involving protection of the native conformation of TJ proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile El-Chami
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Steward
- School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dayang W, Dongbo P. Taurine reduces blue light-induced retinal neuronal cell apoptosis in vitro. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2018; 37:240-244. [PMID: 29417844 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1434665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The massive uptake of organic compatible osmolytes is a self-protective response to multiple stressors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the protective effects of the osmolyte taurine against blue light-induced apoptosis in retinal neuronal cells in vitro. METHODS Real-time PCR was used to measure osmolyte transport. Radioimmunoassays were performed to measure osmolyte uptake. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were conducted to measure cellular viability. Flow cytometry analysis was used to measure apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with normotonic stress, hypertonic stress-induced uptake of osmolytes, including betaine, myoinositol, and taurine, into the retinal neuronal cells. Blue light increased osmolyte transporter mRNA expression together with osmolyte uptake. Furthermore, taurine significantly suppressed blue light-induced retinal neuronal cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION The compatible osmolyte taurine may have an important role in cell resistance to blue light and cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Dayang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , PR China
| | - Pang Dongbo
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dayang W, Dongbo P. Taurine prevents ultraviolet B induced apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017; 37:90-95. [PMID: 28592159 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1339714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Dayang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Pang Dongbo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dayang W, Dongbo P. Taurine Protects Lens Epithelial Cells Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1407-1411. [PMID: 28708005 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1255759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Dayang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pang Dongbo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuehne A, Hildebrand J, Soehle J, Wenck H, Terstegen L, Gallinat S, Knott A, Winnefeld M, Zamboni N. An integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics study to identify metabolic alterations in aged skin of humans in vivo. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:169. [PMID: 28201987 PMCID: PMC5312537 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging human skin undergoes significant morphological and functional changes such as wrinkle formation, reduced wound healing capacity, and altered epidermal barrier function. Besides known age-related alterations like DNA-methylation changes, metabolic adaptations have been recently linked to impaired skin function in elder humans. Understanding of these metabolic adaptations in aged skin is of special interest to devise topical treatments that potentially reverse or alleviate age-dependent skin deterioration and the occurrence of skin disorders. Results We investigated the global metabolic adaptions in human skin during aging with a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic approach applied to epidermal tissue samples of young and old human volunteers. Our analysis confirmed known age-dependent metabolic alterations, e.g. reduction of coenzyme Q10 levels, and also revealed novel age effects that are seemingly important for skin maintenance. Integration of donor-matched transcriptome and metabolome data highlighted transcriptionally-driven alterations of metabolism during aging such as altered activity in upper glycolysis and glycerolipid biosynthesis or decreased protein and polyamine biosynthesis. Together, we identified several age-dependent metabolic alterations that might affect cellular signaling, epidermal barrier function, and skin structure and morphology. Conclusions Our study provides a global resource on the metabolic adaptations and its transcriptional regulation during aging of human skin. Thus, it represents a first step towards an understanding of the impact of metabolism on impaired skin function in aged humans and therefore will potentially lead to improved treatments of age related skin disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3547-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kuehne
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,PhD Program Systems Biology, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janosch Hildebrand
- Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Friedrich-Streib-Straße 2, Coburg, 96450, Germany
| | - Joern Soehle
- Beiersdorf AG, R&D, Skin Research Center, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20253, Germany
| | - Horst Wenck
- Beiersdorf AG, R&D, Skin Research Center, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20253, Germany
| | - Lara Terstegen
- Beiersdorf AG, R&D, Skin Research Center, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20253, Germany
| | - Stefan Gallinat
- Beiersdorf AG, R&D, Skin Research Center, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20253, Germany
| | - Anja Knott
- Beiersdorf AG, R&D, Skin Research Center, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20253, Germany
| | - Marc Winnefeld
- Beiersdorf AG, R&D, Skin Research Center, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20253, Germany.
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Damiani E, Ullrich SE. Understanding the connection between platelet-activating factor, a UV-induced lipid mediator of inflammation, immune suppression and skin cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:14-27. [PMID: 27073146 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators of inflammation play important roles in several diseases including skin cancer, the most prevalent type of cancer found in the industrialized world. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a complete carcinogen and is the primary cause of skin cancer. UV radiation is also a potent immunosuppressive agent, and UV-induced immunosuppression is a well-known risk factor for skin cancer induction. An essential mediator in this process is the glyercophosphocholine 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine commonly referred to as platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF is produced by keratinocytes in response to diverse stimuli and exerts its biological effects by binding to a single specific G-protein-coupled receptor (PAF-R) expressed on a variety of cells. This review will attempt to describe how this lipid mediator is involved in transmitting the immunosuppressive signal from the skin to the immune system, starting from its production by keratinocytes, to its role in activating mast cell migration in vivo, and to the mechanisms involved that ultimately lead to immune suppression. Recent findings related to its role in regulating DNA repair and activating epigenetic mechanisms, further pinpoint the importance of this bioactive lipid, which may serve as a critical molecular mediator that links the environment (UVB radiation) to the immune system and the epigenome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stephen E Ullrich
- Department of Immunology and The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dayang W, Jinsong Z. Taurine inhibits interleukin-6 expression and release induced by ultraviolet B exposure to human retinal pigment epithelium cells. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014; 34:189-94. [PMID: 25198400 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2014.944649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The massive uptake of compatible osmolytes is a self-protective response shared by retina exposed to hypertonic stress and ultraviolet stress. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of taurine against ultraviolet damage in human retinal pigment epithelium cells. METHODS Real-time PCR, radioimmunoassay, ELISA and immunoassay were used to measure osmolyte uptake and IL-6 expression. RESULTS Compared with normotonic stress, hypertonic stress led to an induction of osmolyte uptake including betaine, myoinositol and taurine. UVB exposure upregulated osmolyte transporter mRNA expression and increased osmolyte uptake respectively. Especially, taurine suppressed UVB-induced IL-6 mRNA expression significantly. The accumulation of IL-6 in UVB-exposed human retinal pigment epithelial cells supernatant was much slower when the cells were preincubated with taurine. Moreover, taurine suppressed IL-6 concentration in aqueous humour. CONCLUSION The effect of compatible osmolyte taurine on IL-6 expression and release may play an important role in cell resistance and adaption to UVB exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Dayang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou , P.R. China and
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hyperosmotic stress reduces melanin production by altering melanosome formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105965. [PMID: 25170965 PMCID: PMC4149489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tissues of the human body encounter hyperosmotic stress. The effect of extracellular osmotic changes on melanin production has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we determined that hyperosmotic stress induced by organic osmolytes results in reduced melanin production in human melanoma MNT-1 cells. Under hyperosmotic stress, few pigmented mature melanosomes were detected, but there was an increase in swollen vacuoles. These vacuoles were stained with an anti-M6PR antibody that recognizes late endosomal components and with anti-TA99 and anti-HMB45 antibodies, implying that melanosome formation was affected by hyperosmotic stress. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the M6PR-positive swollen vacuoles were multi-layered and contained melanized granules, and they produced melanin when L-DOPA was applied, indicating that these vacuoles were still capable of producing melanin, but the inner conditions were not compatible with melanin production. The vacuolation phenomenon induced by hyperosmotic conditions disappeared with treatment with the PI3K activator 740 Y-P, indicating that the PI3K pathway is affected by hyperosmotic conditions and is responsible for the proper formation and maturation of melanosomes. The microarray analysis showed alterations of the vesicle organization and transport under hyperosmotic stress. Our findings suggest that melanogenesis could be regulated by physiological conditions, such as osmotic pressure.
Collapse
|
16
|
El-Chami C, Haslam IS, Steward MC, O'Neill CA. Role of organic osmolytes in water homoeostasis in skin. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:534-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile El-Chami
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Iain S. Haslam
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | - Catherine A. O'Neill
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Photoprotection by sunscreens, clothing and glasses are important to protect the skin against the detrimental effects of sun exposure. In order to achieve complete protection, topical strategies must shield against the range of solar wavelengths ultraviolet A, ultraviolet B, infrared radiation that can damage the skin. To provide the necessary broad spectrum coverage, combinations of chemical and physical UV filters along with molecules that are capable of interfering with and/or preventing the deleterious effects of sunlight are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rai
- Department of Dermatology, PSG Hospitals, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brocker C, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. The role of hyperosmotic stress in inflammation and disease. Biomol Concepts 2012; 3:345-364. [PMID: 22977648 PMCID: PMC3438915 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2012-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress is an often overlooked process that potentially contributes to a number of human diseases. Whereas renal hyperosmolarity is a well-studied phenomenon, recent research provides evidence that many non-renal tissues routinely experience hyperosmotic stress that may contribute significantly to disease initiation and progression. Moreover, a growing body of evidence implicates hyperosmotic stress as a potent inflammatory stimulus by triggering proinflammatory cytokine release and inflammation. Under physiological conditions, the urine concentrating mechanism within the inner medullary region of the mammalian kidney exposes cells to high extracellular osmolarity. As such, renal cells have developed many adaptive strategies to compensate for increased osmolarity. Hyperosmotic stress is linked to many maladies, including acute and chronic, as well as local and systemic, inflammatory disorders. Hyperosmolarity triggers cell shrinkage, oxidative stress, protein carbonylation, mitochondrial depolarization, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest, thus rendering cells susceptible to apoptosis. However, many adaptive mechanisms exist to counter the deleterious effects of hyperosmotic stress, including cytoskeletal rearrangement and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, transporters, and heat shock proteins. Osmolyte synthesis is also up-regulated and many of these compounds have been shown to reduce inflammation. The cytoprotective mechanisms and associated regulatory pathways that accompany the renal response to hyperosmolarity are found in many non-renal tissues, suggesting cells are commonly confronted with hyperosmotic conditions. Osmoadaptation allows cells to survive and function under potentially cytotoxic conditions. This review covers the pathological consequences of hyperosmotic stress in relation to disease and emphasizes the importance of considering hyperosmolarity in inflammation and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Brocker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kaesler S, Sobiesiak M, Kneilling M, Volz T, Kempf WE, Lang PA, Lang KS, Wieder T, Heller-Stilb B, Warskulat U, Häussinger D, Lang F, Biedermann T. Effective T-cell recall responses require the taurine transporter Taut. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:831-41. [PMID: 22531910 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
T-cell activation and the subsequent transformation of activated T cells into T-cell blasts require profound changes in cell volume. However, the impact of cell volume regulation for T-cell immunology has not been characterized. Here we studied the role of the cell-volume regulating osmolyte transporter Taut for T-cell activation in Taut-deficient mice. T-cell mediated recall responses were severely impaired in taut(-/-) mice as shown with B16 melanoma rejection and hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were unequivocally located within peripheral lymph nodes of unprimed taut(-/-) mice but significantly decreased in taut(-/-) compared with taut(+/+) mice following in vivo activation. Further analysis revealed that Taut is critical for rescuing T cells from activation-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo as shown with TCR, superantigen, and antigen-specific activation. Consequently, reduction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in taut(-/-) mice upon antigen challenge resulted in impaired in vivo generation of T-cell memory. These findings disclose for the first time that volume regulation in T cells is an element in the regulation of adaptive immune responses and that the osmolyte transporter Taut is crucial for T-cell survival and T-cell mediated immune reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kaesler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Grether-Beck S, Felsner I, Brenden H, Kohne Z, Majora M, Marini A, Jaenicke T, Rodriguez-Martin M, Trullas C, Hupe M, Elias PM, Krutmann J. Urea uptake enhances barrier function and antimicrobial defense in humans by regulating epidermal gene expression. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1561-72. [PMID: 22418868 PMCID: PMC3352965 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Urea is an endogenous metabolite, known to enhance stratum corneum hydration. Yet, topical urea anecdotally also improves permeability barrier function, and it appears to exhibit antimicrobial activity. Hence, we hypothesized that urea is not merely a passive metabolite, but a small-molecule regulator of epidermal structure and function. In 21 human volunteers, topical urea improved barrier function in parallel with enhanced antimicrobial peptide (AMP; LL-37 and β-defensin-2) expression. Urea stimulates the expression of, and is transported into, keratinocytes by two urea transporters (UTs), UT-A1 and UT-A2, and by aquaporins 3, 7, and 9. Inhibitors of these UTs block the downstream biological effects of urea, which include increased mRNA and protein levels of (i) transglutaminase-1, involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin, (ii) epidermal lipid synthetic enzymes, and (iii) cathelicidin/LL-37 and β-defensin-2. Finally, we explored the potential clinical utility of urea, showing that topical urea applications normalized both barrier function and AMP expression in a murine model of atopic dermatitis. Together, these results show that urea is a small-molecule regulator of epidermal permeability barrier function and AMP expression after transporter uptake, followed by gene regulatory activity in normal epidermis, with potential therapeutic applications in diseased skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grether-Beck
- Institut fuer Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Finlay EK, Berry DP, Wickham B, Gormley EP, Bradley DG. A genome wide association scan of bovine tuberculosis susceptibility in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30545. [PMID: 22355315 PMCID: PMC3280253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis is a significant veterinary and financial problem in many parts of the world. Although many factors influence infection and progression of the disease, there is a host genetic component and dissection of this may enlighten on the wider biology of host response to tuberculosis. However, a binary phenotype of presence/absence of infection presents a noisy signal for genomewide association study. Methodology/Principal Findings We calculated a composite phenotype of genetic merit for TB susceptibility based on disease incidence in daughters of elite sires used for artificial insemination in the Irish dairy herd. This robust measure was compared with 44,426 SNP genotypes in the most informative 307 subjects in a genome wide association analysis. Three SNPs in a 65 kb genomic region on BTA 22 were associated (i.e. p<10−5, peaking at position 59588069, p = 4.02×10−6) with tuberculosis susceptibility. Conclusions/Significance A genomic region on BTA 22 was suggestively associated with tuberculosis susceptibility; it contains the taurine transporter gene SLC6A6, or TauT, which is known to function in the immune system but has not previously been investigated for its role in tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Finlay
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donagh P. Berry
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Brian Wickham
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Shinagh House, Bandon, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Eamonn P. Gormley
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel G. Bradley
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yao Y, Wolverton JE, Zhang Q, Marathe GK, Al-Hassani M, Konger RL, Travers JB. Ultraviolet B radiation generated platelet-activating factor receptor agonist formation involves EGF-R-mediated reactive oxygen species. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:2842-8. [PMID: 19234179 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) in UVB-mediated systemic immunosuppression known to be a major cause for skin cancers. Previously, our group has demonstrated that UVB irradiation triggers the production of PAF and oxidized glycerophosphocholines that act as PAF-receptor (PAF-R) agonists. The present studies explored the mechanisms by which UVB generates PAF-R agonists. UVB irradiation of human epidermal KB cells resulted in both increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PAF-R agonistic activity. Pretreatment of KB cells with antioxidants vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine or the pharmacological inhibitor PD168393 specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor all inhibited UVB-induced ROS as well as PAF-R agonists, yet had no effect on fMLP-mediated PAF-R agonist production. In addition, in vivo production of PAF-R agonists from UVB-irradiated mouse skin was blocked by both systemic vitamin C administration and topical PD168393 application. Moreover, both vitamin C and PD168393 abolished UVB-mediated but not the PAF-R agonist 1-hexadecyl-2-N-methylcarbamoyl glycerophosphocholine-mediated immunosuppression as measured by the inhibition of delayed type contact hypersensitivity to the chemical dinitrofluorobenzene. These studies suggest that UVB-induced systemic immunosuppression is due to epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated ROS which results in PAF-R agonist formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Yao
- Department of Dermatology, and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sydlik U, Gallitz I, Albrecht C, Abel J, Krutmann J, Unfried K. The compatible solute ectoine protects against nanoparticle-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:29-35. [PMID: 19324973 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200812-1911oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Inflammatory reactions of the airways induced by nanoparticles of occupational and environmental origin contribute to organ-specific and systemic human diseases. Because this kind of exposure in modern societies is often unavoidable, a strategy of molecular prevention on an individual level could help to prevent inflammation-derived secondary diseases. OBJECTIVES To test whether the compatible solute ectoine [(S)-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid], which is known to reduce cell stress effects on a molecular level, prevents nanoparticle-induced lung inflammation. METHODS Inflammatory parameters were studied in Fischer 344 rats treated with model carbon nanoparticles. The molecular effects of ectoin on proinflammatory signal transduction were demonstrated in the rat and in the human system using cultured lung epithelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Ectoine, given with or before the nanoparticles, dose-dependently reduced neutrophil inflammation in the lung. This preventive effect was not observed when lung inflammation was induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Analyses of the underlying mode of action revealed that ectoine acted on lung epithelial cells. Ectoine administration inhibited nanoparticle-induced signaling, which is known to be responsible for proinflammatory reactions in rat lung epithelial cells in vitro as well as in vivo. These findings were corroborated and extended in experiments with cultured human bronchial epithelial cells in which ectoine inhibited nanoparticle-triggered cell signaling and IL-8 induction. CONCLUSIONS Because compatible solutes are compliant natural products without known toxic potential, we propose that this group of substances may be used for the prevention of particle-induced airway inflammation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Sydlik
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Warskulat U, Brookmann S, Felsner I, Brenden H, Grether-Beck S, Häussinger D. Ultraviolet A induces transport of compatible organic osmolytes in human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:1031-6. [PMID: 18557924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Compatible organic osmolytes, such as betaine, myo-inositol and taurine, are involved in cell protection. Human dermal fibroblasts accumulate these osmolytes and express mRNA specific for their transporting systems betaine-/gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) transporter (BGT-1), sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporter (SMIT) and taurine transporter (TAUT). Taurine uptake was about sixfold higher than that of betaine and myo-inositol. Compared with normoosmotic (305 mOsm/l) control, hyperosmotic exposure (405 mOsm/l) led to a twofold induction of osmolyte uptake. Ultraviolet A (UVA) upregulated osmolyte transporter mRNA levels and increased osmolyte uptake. Taurine inhibited UVA-induced interleukin-6 (Il-6) mRNA expression by 40%. Furthermore, Il-6 accumulation in the supernatants of UVA-irradiated dermal fibroblasts was much slower when cells were preincubated with taurine. These data indicate that taurine accumulation seems to be part of the fibroblast response to UVA radiation and may protect against UVA-induced Il-6 overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Warskulat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|