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Soloviova K, Via CS. Sex differences in donor T cell targeting of host splenocyte subpopulations in acute and chronic murine graft-vs.-host disease: implications for lupus-like autoimmunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.595177. [PMID: 38915570 PMCID: PMC11195085 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.595177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
This study sought to compare in vivo sex differences in either a Th1-dominant CTL response or a Tfh-mediated lupus-like antibody response using the parent-into F1 murine model of acute or chronic GVHD respectively. In acute GVHD we observed no significant sex differences in the hierarchy of donor CD8 CTL elimination of splenocyte subsets. B cells were the most sensitive to elimination in both sexes; however, the male response was significantly stronger. Sex differences in chronic GVHD were more widespread; females exhibited significantly greater numbers of total splenocytes and host CD4 Tfh cells, B cells and CD8 T cells consistent with reports of greater female autoantibody production in this model. The more potent male CTL response in acute GVHD conflicts with reports of greater female CTL responses following infections or vaccines and may reflect the absence of exogenous innate immune stimuli in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Soloviova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Charles S Via
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda MD 20814
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2
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A MLR-Based Approach to Analyze Regulators of T Lymphocyte Activation In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105337. [PMID: 35628145 PMCID: PMC9140849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on the context, robust and durable T lymphocyte activation is either desirable, as in the case of anti-tumor responses, or unwanted, in cases of autoimmunity when chronic stimulation leads to self-tissue damage. Therefore, reliable in vivo models are of great importance to identify and validate regulatory pathways of T lymphocyte activation. Here, we describe an in vivo mixed-lymphocyte-reaction (MLR) approach, which is based on the so-called parent-into-F1 (P → F1) mouse model in combination with the congenic marker CD45.1/2 and cell proliferation dye-labeling. This setup allows us to track adoptively transferred allogenic CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and analyze their phenotype as well as the proliferation by flow cytometry in the blood and spleen. We could show hypo-reactive responses of T lymphocytes isolated from knockout mice with a known defect in T lymphocyte activation. Thus, this MLR-based in vivo model provides the opportunity to analyze positive regulators of T cell responses under physiological conditions of polyclonal T lymphocyte activation in vivo.
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Iwata S, Tanaka Y. Association of Viral Infection With the Development and Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:849120. [PMID: 35280878 PMCID: PMC8914279 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.849120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that causes multiple organ damage in women of childbearing age and has a relapsing-remitting course. SLE is caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, however, its underlying triggers remain unknown. Among the environmental factors, the involvement of infections as a trigger for SLE, especially those of viral etiology, has been widely reported. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) may put patients at a genetic predisposition to SLE, while the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may play a role as an environmental factor that triggers the development of SLE. It has been suggested that EBV-infected B-cells may become resistant to apoptosis, resulting in the activation, proliferation, and antibody production of autoreactive B-cells, which cause tissue damage in SLE. However, the interaction between the virus and immune cells, as well as the impact of the virus on the differentiation and dysfunction of immune cells, remain unclear. In this review, we focus on the relationship between the development and pathogenesis of SLE and viral infections, as well as the mechanism of SLE exacerbation via activation of immune cells, such as B-cells, based on the latest findings.
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4
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Yang B, Hou S, Zhao J, Li Y. 3-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency aggravates systemic lupus erythematosus progression in a mouse model by promoting CD40 ligand demethylation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2685-2695. [PMID: 35001849 PMCID: PMC8973909 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2025694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The implications of the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were well documented, due to its important role among immune cells. Previous research found that 3-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2), a modulator of intracellular iron homeostasis and iron transportation promoted the pathogenic process of SLE by regulating the demethylation of cd70, cd11a, and cd40l genes among CD4 + T cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of BDH2 in oxidative damage-induced SLE. First, CD4 + T cells treated with H2O2 were injected into the tail vein of mice to establish a lupus model. CD40L knockdown significantly decreased CD40L expression on CD4 + T cells in the spleen of SLE mice. Compared with SLE model mice, the levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibody and urinary protein in the CD40L interference group were significantly decreased. CD40L knockdown alleviated the immune complex glomerulonephritis in syngeneic SLE mice. Moreover, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were decreased. However, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly upregulated in the serum of CD40L knockdown SLE mice, compared with SLE model mice. Accordingly, CD40L knockdown reduced Th1/Th2 percentage in SLE mice. Inhibiting the expression of BDH2 of CD4 + T cells promoted the demethylation of CD40L, while it inhibited cell proliferation, elevated oxidative stress through increased expression of CD40L, and thus, promoted the progress of SLE. Our results demonstrate that BDH2 aggravates the pathologic progression of SLE in mice, by increasing the demethylation level of CD40L among CD4 + T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, P.R. China
| | - Shihao Hou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, P.R. China
| | - Yepeng Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, P.R. China
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5
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Singh RP, Bischoff DS, Hahn BH. CD8 + T regulatory cells in lupus. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 2:147-156. [PMID: 35880241 PMCID: PMC9242525 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) have a key role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the regulation of immune tolerance by preventing the inflammation and suppressing the autoimmune responses. Numerical and functional deficits of these cells have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and mouse models of SLE, where their imbalance and dysregulated activities have been reported to significantly influence the disease pathogenesis, progression and outcomes. Most studies in SLE have focused on CD4+ Tregs and it has become clear that a critical role in the control of immune tolerance after the breakdown of self-tolerance is provided by CD8+ Tregs. Here we review the role, cellular and molecular phenotypes, and mechanisms of action of CD8+ Tregs in SLE, including ways to induce these cells for immunotherapeutic modulation in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P. Singh
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- E-mail:
| | - David S. Bischoff
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bevra H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a serious autoimmune disease with a wide range of organ involvement. In addition to aberrant B-cell responses leading to autoantibody production, T-cell abnormalities are important in the induction of autoimmunity and the ensuing downstream organ damage. In this article, we present an update on how subsets of CD8+ T cells contribute to SLE pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Reduced cytolytic function of CD8+ T cells not only promotes systemic autoimmunity but also accounts for the increased risk of infections. Additional information suggests that effector functions of tissue CD8+ T cells contribute to organ damage. The phenotypic changes in tissue CD8+ T cells likely arise from exposure to tissue microenvironment and crosstalk with tissue resident cells. Research on pathogenic IL-17-producing double negative T cells also suggests their origin from autoreactive CD8+ T cells, which also contribute to the induction and maintenance of systemic autoimmunity. SUMMARY Reduced CD8+ T-cell effector function illustrates their role in peripheral tolerance in the control of autoimmunity and to the increased risk of infections. Inflammatory cytokine producing double negative T cells and functional defects of regulatory CD8+ T cell both contribute to SLE pathogenesis. Further in depth research on these phenotypic changes are warranted for the development of new therapeutics for people with SLE.
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7
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Venkatadri R, Sabapathy V, Dogan M, Sharma R, Mohammad S, Via CS, Sharma R. Hybrid cytokine IL233 renders protection in murine acute graft vs host disease (aGVHD). Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104345. [PMID: 33831754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we generated IL233, a hybrid cytokine composed of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-33, with better therapeutic potential than either cytokine in multiple inflammatory diseases, in part through promoting T-regulatory cells (Tregs). Here we test the potential of IL233 pretreatment in a murine model of excessive Th1 activation, the parent-into-F1 model of acute GVHD (aGVHD). Five days of IL233 pretreatment of the recipients blocked or delayed the aGVHD-linked loss of B cells as seen in either the peripheral blood (day-11) or lymph nodes (day-14). IL233 pretreatment also prevented the expansion of donor CD8 T-cells in blood and LN at day-14 and significantly reduced day-14 serum IFNγ and TNFα compared to saline treated GVHD mice although, the level of Tregs did not statistically differ between saline and IL233-treated mice. Overall, the current study provides support for the use of IL233 as a therapeutic option in excessive Th1/CD8-driven conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Murat Dogan
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rohan Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Charles S Via
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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8
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B cell depletion in murine lupus using cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo: Feasibility and benefit. Cell Immunol 2020; 353:104117. [PMID: 32408197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the promising results in human lupus with B cell depletion, we tested whether in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) could eliminate autoreactive B cells in the setting of murine lupus. Using the parent-into-F1 (P → F1) model to generate CTL that eliminate B cells, we found that transfer ofNZB parental splenocytes into lupus-prone female NZB/W F1 mice resulted in profound B cell reduction whereas NZW → F1 mice exhibited defective B cell elimination. Using pre-disease or early disease B/W mice as hosts, NZB → F1 mice exhibited B cell depletion and improved proteinuria but no improvement in survival whereas NZW → F1 mice had significantly reduced proteinuria and prolonged survival. Thus, despite the defective IL-2 environment in B/W F1 mice, generation of CTL and B cell depletion is feasible in NZB → F1 mice. The surprising increase in survival for NZW → F1 mice despite defective B cell elimination suggests that NZW splenocytes may contain a beneficial down regulatory cell.
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9
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Reduction in murine acute GVHD severity by human gingival tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the CD39 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 30622237 PMCID: PMC6325106 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human gingival tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) present an accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating autoimmune diseases. Here we show that human GMSCs can prevent and treat acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in two different mouse models. Our results indicate that besides exhibiting suppressive function in vitro and in vivo, GMSCs may also regulate the conversion of Tregs to Th1 and/or Th17-like cells, as well as stabilize Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, GMSC-mediated prevention of acute GVHD was dependent on CD39 signaling that play an important role in the function and stability of Tregs. Finally, we also observed stronger protective ability of GMSCs with greater expansion ability compared with BMSCs or ASCs. These results indicate that human GMSCs have the potential to be used to treat GVHD.
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10
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Soloviova K, Puliaiev M, Puliaev R, Puliaeva I, Via CS. Both perforin and FasL are required for optimal CD8 T cell control of autoreactive B cells and autoantibody production in parent-into-F1 lupus mice. Clin Immunol 2018; 194:34-42. [PMID: 29940333 PMCID: PMC6089648 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To test the relative roles of perforin (pfp) vs. FasL in CTL control of autoreactive B cell expansion, we used the parent-into-F1 model of murine graft-vs.-host disease in which donor CD8 CTL prevent lupus like disease by eliminating activated autoreactive B cells. F1 mice receiving either pfp or FasL defective donor T cells exhibited an intermediate short-term phenotype. Pairing of purified normal CD4 T cells with either pfp or FasL defective CD8 T cell subsets resulted in impaired host B cell elimination and mild lupus like disease that was roughly equivalent in the two experimental groups. Thus, in addition to major roles in tumor and intracellular pathogen control, pfp mediated CD8 CTL killing plays a significant role in controlling autoreactive B cell expansion and lupus downregulation that is comparable to that mediated by FasL killing. Importantly, both pathways are required for optimal elimination of activated autoreactive B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Soloviova
- Pathology Department, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20815, United States
| | - Maksym Puliaiev
- Pathology Department, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20815, United States
| | - Roman Puliaev
- Pathology Department, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20815, United States
| | - Irina Puliaeva
- Pathology Department, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20815, United States
| | - Charles S Via
- Pathology Department, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20815, United States.
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11
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Heiler S, Lötscher J, Kreuzaler M, Rolink J, Rolink A. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Interleukin-2 (IL-2)/Anti-IL-2 Complexes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Like Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:656. [PMID: 29670626 PMCID: PMC5893767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGvHD) induced by injection of parental lymphocytes into F1 hybrids results in a disease similar to systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we have used DBA/2 T cell injection into (C57BL/6 × DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice as a model system to test the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2)/anti-IL-2 immune complexes on the course of cGvHD. Our findings demonstrate that pretreatment with Treg inducing JES6/IL-2 complexes render BDF1 mice largely resistant to induction of cGvHD, whereas pretreatment with CD8+ T cell/NK cell inducing S4B6/IL-2 complexes results in a more severe cGvHD. In contrast, treatment with JES6/IL-2 complexes 4 weeks after induction had no beneficial effect on disease symptoms. However, similar treatment with S4B6/IL-2 complexes led to a significant amelioration of the disease. This therapeutic effect seems to be mediated by donor CD8+ T cells. The fact that a much stronger cGvHD is induced in BDF1 mice depleted of donor CD8+ T cells strongly supports this conclusion. The contrasting effects of the two different IL-2 complexes are likely due to different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Heiler
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kreuzaler
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Rolink
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonius Rolink
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Via CS, Soloviova K, Puliaiev M, Puliav R, Puliaeva I, Morris SC, Finkelman FD. In vivo IL-4 prevents allo-antigen driven CD8 + CTL development. Clin Immunol 2017; 180:11-24. [PMID: 28359782 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 has been shown to suppress acute graft vs. host disease (GVHD) in irradiated hosts. Here we evaluated whether IL-4 suppresses acute GVHD in the un-irradiated parent-into-F1 GVHD model with relevance to renal allograft rejection. IL-4 completely suppressed CD8 CTL when administered with donor cells however this effect was lost if its administration was delayed 3days. IL-4 did not inhibit donor CD8+ T cell homing to the host spleen but rather prevented donor CD8+ T cell differentiation into CTLs. Studies with IL-4Rα-deficient donor cells or recipient mice demonstrated that IL-4 effects on the host, rather than, or in addition to IL-4 effects on donor cells, were critical for suppression of CTL. Because IL-4 decreased all splenic dendritic cell populations and increased neutrophil and CD8+ T cells, IL-4 may suppress donor CD8+ CTL by decreasing Ag presentation and/or increasing host myeloid and CD8+ T cell suppression of donor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Via
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
| | - Kateryna Soloviova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Maksym Puliaiev
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Roman Puliav
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Irina Puliaeva
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Suzanne C Morris
- Division of Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States
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13
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Soloviova K, Puliaiev M, Haas M, Dalgard CL, Schaefer BC, Via CS. Intrinsic Differences in Donor CD4 T Cell IL-2 Production Influence Severity of Parent-into-F1 Murine Lupus by Skewing the Immune Response Either toward Help for B Cells and a Sustained Autoantibody Response or toward Help for CD8 T Cells and a Downregulatory Th1 Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2985-3000. [PMID: 26320249 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Using the parent-into-F1 model of induced lupus and (C57BL/6 × DBA2) F1 mice as hosts, we compared the inherent lupus-inducing properties of the two parental strain CD4 T cells. To control for donor CD4 recognition of alloantigen, we used H-2(d) identical DBA/2 and B10.D2 donor T cells. We demonstrate that these two normal, nonlupus-prone parental strains exhibit two different T cell activation pathways in vivo. B10.D2 CD4 T cells induce a strong Th1/CMI pathway that is characterized by IL-2/IFN-γ expression, help for CD8 CTLs, and skewing of dendritic cell (DC) subsets toward CD8a DCs, coupled with reduced CD4 T follicular helper cells and transient B cell help. In contrast, DBA/2 CD4 T cells exhibit a reciprocal, lupus-inducing pathway that is characterized by poor IL-2/IFN-γ expression, poor help for CD8 CTLs, and skewing of DC subsets toward plasmacytoid DCs, coupled with greater CD4 T follicular helper cells, prolonged B cell activation, autoantibody formation, and lupus-like renal disease. Additionally, two distinct in vivo splenic gene-expression signatures were induced. In vitro analysis of TCR signaling revealed defective DBA CD4 T cell induction of NF-κB, reduced degradation of IκBα, and increased expression of the NF-κB regulator A20. Thus, attenuated NF-κB signaling may lead to diminished IL-2 production by DBA CD4 T cells. These results indicate that intrinsic differences in donor CD4 IL-2 production and subsequent immune skewing could contribute to lupus susceptibility in humans. Therapeutic efforts to skew immune function away from excessive help for B cells and toward help for CTLs may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Soloviova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Maksym Puliaiev
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Mark Haas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - Brian C Schaefer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Charles S Via
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814;
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14
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Gu J, Lu L, Chen M, Xu L, Lan Q, Li Q, Liu Z, Chen G, Wang P, Wang X, Brand D, Olsen N, Zheng SG. TGF-β-induced CD4+Foxp3+ T cells attenuate acute graft-versus-host disease by suppressing expansion and killing of effector CD8+ cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3388-97. [PMID: 25156367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of TGF-β-induced CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells (induced regulatory T cells [iTregs]) is an important prevention and treatment strategy in autoimmune diseases and other disorders. However, the potential use of iTregs as a treatment modality for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) has not been realized because they may be unstable and less suppressive in this disease. We restudied the ability of iTregs to prevent and treat aGVHD in two mouse models. Our results showed that, as long as an appropriate iTreg-generation protocol is used, these iTregs consistently displayed a potent ability to control aGVHD development and reduce mortality in the aGVHD animal models. iTreg infusion markedly suppressed the engraftment of donor CD8(+) cells and CD4(+) cells, the expression of granzyme A and B, the cytotoxic effect of donor CD8(+) cells, and the production of T cell cytokines in aGVHD. Therefore, we conclude that as long as the correct methods for generating iTregs are used, they can prevent and even treat aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033; Clinical Immunology Section, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Maogen Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qin Lan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; and
| | - Qiang Li
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; and
| | - Guihua Chen
- Clinical Immunology Section, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - David Brand
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033; Clinical Immunology Section, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China;
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Marillier RG, Uyttenhove C, Goriely S, Marbaix E, Van Snick J. IL-27p28 is essential for parent-to-F1 acute graft-versus-host disease. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2064-73. [PMID: 24700119 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) remains a life-threatening complication of bone marrow transplantation. Here we show that IL-27, a member of the IL-12 cytokine family, plays an essential role in a parent-to-F1 murine aGVHD model, using B6 mice as parents and B6D2 mice as F1 recipients. IL-27 is transiently detectable in the serum of B6D2 recipients of B6 spleen cells, with a peak at day 10. Treatment with anti-IL-27p28 mAb MM27.7B1 (αp28Ab), at the time of and six days after B6 cell transfer, blocked GVHD. Protection was associated with host cell survival and undiminished engraftment of donor cells, lack of host B-cell depletion, increased Th2-type immunoglobulin production, a decrease in serum IFN-γ, a drop in anti-H-2D(d) cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and an increase in Foxp3(+) T cells. We therefore conclude that IL-27 plays a critical role in the parent-to-F1 model of aGVHD and that blocking IL-27 could have therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece G Marillier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Soloviova K, Puliaiev M, Haas M, Via CS. In vivo maturation of allo-specific CD8 CTL and prevention of lupus-like graft-versus-host disease is critically dependent on T cell signaling through the TNF p75 receptor but not the TNF p55 receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4562-72. [PMID: 23526821 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A third signal is required for maturation of effector CD8 CTL in addition to TCR and CD28 engagement. Inflammatory cytokines can provide a third signal; however, in nonpathogen settings (i.e., antitumor responses), the identity of the third signal is not clear. A useful model for in vivo CD8 CTL in the absence of exogenous pathogens is the alloantigen-driven parent-into F1 model of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) characterized by a strong TNF-dependent donor antihost CD8 CTL T cell response. To determine whether TNF acts directly on donor T cells in a signal 3 manner, F1 mice received TNFR 1 (p55) knockout (KO) and/or TNFR 2 (p75) KO donor T cells. Donor p75 KO but not p55KO donor T cells failed to induce acute GVHD phenotype and instead induced a lupus-like chronic GVHD both short and long term because of quantitative and qualitative donor T cell defects, that is, reduced perforin, IFN-γ, and TNF production. Transfer of mixed or matched purified CD4 and CD8 T cells from wild type or p75KO donors demonstrated that optimal CTL maturation required p75 signaling in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Despite defective p75KO CD4 help for CD8 CTL, p75KO CD4 help for B cells and autoimmunity was intact. These results provide a mechanism by which impaired CD8 CTL could contribute to reduced antiviral and antitumor responses and autoimmunity reported in patients receiving TNF blockers. Our results support the idea that selective p55 blockade may be beneficial by reducing inflammation without compromising CD8 CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Soloviova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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17
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Sagoo P, Ratnasothy K, Tsang Y, Barber LD, Noble A, Lechler RI, Lombardi G. Alloantigen-specific regulatory T cells prevent experimental chronic graft-versus-host disease by simultaneous control of allo- and autoreactivity. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:3322-33. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pervinder Sagoo
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; Guy's & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust & King's College London, London; UK
- MRC Centre for Transplantation; Department of Transplantation; Immunoregulation & Mucosal Biology; King's College London, London; UK
| | - Kulachelvy Ratnasothy
- MRC Centre for Transplantation; Department of Transplantation; Immunoregulation & Mucosal Biology; King's College London, London; UK
| | - Yuen Tsang
- MRC Centre for Transplantation; Department of Transplantation; Immunoregulation & Mucosal Biology; King's College London, London; UK
| | - Linda D. Barber
- Department of Haematological Medicine; King's College London; London UK
| | - Alistair Noble
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; King's College London; London UK
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation; Department of Transplantation; Immunoregulation & Mucosal Biology; King's College London, London; UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation; Department of Transplantation; Immunoregulation & Mucosal Biology; King's College London, London; UK
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18
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Eisenberg RA, Via CS. T cells, murine chronic graft-versus-host disease and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:240-7. [PMID: 22704961 PMCID: PMC3578438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in mice is characterized by the production of autoantibodies and immunopathology characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). The basic pathogenesis involves the cognate recognition of foreign MHC class II of host B cells by alloreactive CD4 T cells from the donor. CD4 T cells of the host are also necessary for the full maturation of host B cells before the transfer of donor T cells. CD8 T cells play critical roles as well. Donor CD8 T cells that are highly cytotoxic can ablate or prevent the lupus syndrome, in part by killing recipient B cells. Host CD8 T cells can reciprocally downregulate donor CD8 T cells, and thus prevent them from suppressing the autoimmune process. Thus, when the donor inoculum contains both CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells, the resultant syndrome depends on the balance of activities of these various cell populations. For example, in one cGVHD model (DBA/2(C57BL/6xDBA/2)F1, the disease is more severe in females, as it is in several of the spontaneous mouse models of lupus, as well as in human disease. The mechanism of this female skewing of disease appears to depend on the relative inability of CD8 cells of the female host to downregulate the donor CD4 T cells that drive the autoantibody response. In general, then, the abnormal CD4 T cell help and the modulating roles of CD8 T cells seen in cGVHD parallel the participation of T cells in genetic lupus in mice and human lupus, although these spontaneous syndromes are presumably not driven by overt alloreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Eisenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 756 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
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19
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Soloviova K, Puliaiev M, Foster A, Via CS. The parent-into-F1 murine model in the study of lupus-like autoimmunity and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 900:253-70. [PMID: 22933073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-720-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of homozygous C57Bl/6 (B6) or DBA/2 (DBA) parental strain T cells into normal B6D2F1 mice in the parent-into-F1 (p → F1) model results in a graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) that takes one of the following two forms: (a) acute GVHD seen with B6 → F1 mice and mediated by donor CD8 cytotoxic T cells that eliminate host lymphocytes and (b) a chronic lupus-like GVHD seen with DBA → F1 mice and mediated by donor CD4 T cell cognate help to autoreactive B cells resulting in autoantibody production and renal disease similar to human lupus. Importantly, these two phenotypes can be distinguished by flow cytometry as early as 2 weeks after donor cell transfer. The p → F1 model can be used to screen for agents that alter lupus development. Additionally, the model is useful for preclinical screening of biologic agents with immunomodulatory potential. Agents that selectively inhibit CD8 T cell function will convert acute GVHD to chronic GVHD in B6 → F1 mice. Conversely, agents that promote CD8 CTL function will convert chronic GVHD to acute GVHD in DBA → F1 mice. Agents that completely suppress T cell function will block both phenotypes. The model is also useful for examining the effects of T cell mutations by transferring mutant T cells into wild-type hosts and assessing the effects on disease phenotype. Differences observed from wild-type T cells → F1 can be directly ascribed to alterations in mutant T cell function. Because of the early 2-week phenotype development, the p → F1 model is well suited to screening of potential immunomodulatory therapeutic compounds and the assessment of T cell mutations on in vivo function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Soloviova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Abstract
The characterization of functional CD8(+) inhibitory or regulatory T cells and their gene regulation remains a critical challenge in the field of tolerance and autoimmunity. Investigating the genes induced in regulatory cells and the regulatory networks and pathways that underlie mechanisms of immune resistance and prevent apoptosis in the CD8(+) T cell compartment are crucial to understanding tolerance mechanisms in systemic autoimmunity. Little is currently known about the genetic control that governs the ability of CD8(+) Ti or regulatory cells to suppress anti-DNA Ab production in B cells. Silencing genes with siRNA or shRNA and overexpression of genes with lentiviral cDNA transduction are established approaches to identifying and understanding the function of candidate genes in tolerance and immunity. Elucidation of interactions between genes and proteins, and their synergistic effects in establishing cell-cell cross talk, including receptor modulation/antagonism, are essential for delineating the roles of these cells. In this review, we will examine recent reports which describe the modulation of cells from lupus prone mice or lupus patients to confer anti-inflammatory and protective gene expression and novel associated phenotypes. We will highlight recent findings on the role of selected genes induced by peptide tolerance in CD8(+) Ti.
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21
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Pre-clinical screening of immunomodulatory compounds using the parent-into-F1 model. Clin Immunol 2011; 140:212-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Min CK. The pathophysiology of chronic graft-versus-host disease: the unveiling of an enigma. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2011; 46:80-7. [PMID: 21747879 PMCID: PMC3128905 DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2011.46.2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (CGVHD) is one of the most significant complications of long-term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). CGVHD may have protean manifestations and can pose unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. New recommendations that emphasize the importance of qualitative differences, as opposed to time of onset after HSCT, are now being used to standardize the diagnosis and clinical assessment of CGVHD, but they require validation. During the past 3 decades, experimental studies and clinical observations have elucidated the mechanisms of acute GVHD, but its biology is much less well-understood. Experimental studies have generated at least 4 theories to explain the pathophysiology of CGVHD: (1) thymic damage and the defective negative selection of T cells, (2) regulatory T cell deficiencies, (3) auto-antibody production by aberrant B cells, and (4) the formation of profibrotic lesions. Mouse models have provided important insights into the pathophysiology of CGVHD, and these have helped improve clinical outcomes following allo-HSCT, but no animal model fully replicates all of the features of CGVHD in humans. In this article, recent clinical changes, the pathogenesis of CGHVD, the cellular and cytokine networks implicated in its pathogenesis, and the animal models used to devise strategies to prevent and treat CGVHD are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ki Min
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Foster AD, Soloviova K, Puliaeva I, Puliaiev M, Puliaev R, Finkelman F, Via CS. Donor CD8 T cells and IFN-gamma are critical for sex-based differences in donor CD4 T cell engraftment and lupus-like phenotype in short-term chronic graft-versus-host disease mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6238-54. [PMID: 21531893 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of unfractionated DBA/2J (DBA) splenocytes into B6D2F(1) (DBA → F(1)) mice results in greater donor CD4 T cell engraftment in females at day 14 that persists long-term and mediates greater female lupus-like renal disease. Although donor CD8 T cells have no demonstrated role in lupus pathogenesis in this model, we recently observed that depletion of donor CD8 T cells prior to transfer eliminates sex-based differences in renal disease long-term. In this study, we demonstrate that greater day 14 female donor CD4 engraftment is also critically dependent on donor CD8 T cells. Male DBA → F(1) mice exhibit stronger CD8-dependent day 8-10 graft-versus-host (GVH) and counter-regulatory host-versus-graft (HVG) responses, followed by stronger homeostatic contraction (days 10-12). The weaker day 10-12 GVH and HVG in females are followed by persistent donor T cell activation and increasing proliferation, expansion, and cytokine production from days 12 to 14. Lastly, greater female day 14 donor T cell engraftment, activation, and cytokine production were lost with in vivo IFN-γ neutralization from days 6 to 14. We conclude the following: 1) donor CD8 T cells enhance day 10 proliferation of donor CD4 T cells in both sexes; and 2) a weaker GVH/HVG in females allows prolonged survival of donor CD4 and CD8 T cells, allowing persistent activation. These results support the novel conclusion that sex-based differences in suboptimal donor CD8 CTL activation are critical for shaping sex-based differences in donor CD4 T cell engraftment at 2 wk and lupus-like disease long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Foster
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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24
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Kwon B. Intervention with costimulatory pathways as a therapeutic approach for graft-versus-host disease. Exp Mol Med 2011; 42:675-83. [PMID: 20820112 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is mediated by mature donor T cells contained in the hematopoietic stem cell graft. During the development of GVHD, signaling through a variety of costimulatory receptors plays an important role in allogeneic T cell responses. Even though delivery of costimulatory signals is a prerequisite for full activation of donor T cells in the phase of their interactions with host APCs, their involvement with GVHD might occur over multiple stages. Like many other aspects of GVHD, promise of therapeutic interventions with costimulatory pathways has been gleaned from preclinical models. In this review, I summarize some of the advances in roles of costimulatory molecules in GVHD pathophysiology and discuss preclinical approaches that warrant further exploration in the clinic, focusing on novel strategies to delete pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungsuk Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea.
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25
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Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:271694. [PMID: 21403825 PMCID: PMC3042628 DOI: 10.1155/2011/271694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder. The study of diverse mouse models of lupus has provided clues to the etiology of SLE. Spontaneous mouse models of lupus have led to identification of numerous susceptibility loci from which several candidate genes have emerged. Meanwhile, induced models of lupus have provided insight into the role of environmental factors in lupus pathogenesis as well as provided a better understanding of cellular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of disease. The SLE-like phenotypes present in these models have also served to screen numerous potential SLE therapies. Due to the complex nature of SLE, it is necessary to understand the effect specific targeted therapies have on immune homeostasis. Furthermore, knowledge gained from mouse models will provide novel therapy targets for the treatment of SLE.
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26
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Puliaeva I, Soloviova K, Puliaiev M, Lang T, Puliaev R, Via CS. Enhancement of suboptimal CD8 cytotoxic T cell effector function in vivo using antigen-specific CD80 defective T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:291-304. [PMID: 21115734 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
T cell upregulation of B7 molecules CD80 and CD86 limits T cell expansion in immunodeficient hosts; however, the relative roles of CD80 separate from CD86 on CD4 versus CD8 T cells in a normal immune system are not clear. To address this question, we used the parent-into-F1 (P→F1) murine model of graft-versus-host disease and transferred optimal and suboptimal doses of CD80 and/or CD86 knockout (KO) T cells into normal F1 hosts. Enhanced elimination of host B cells by KO T cells was observed only at suboptimal donor cell doses and was greatest for CD80 KO→F1 mice. Wild-type donor cells exhibited peak CD80 upregulation at day 10; CD80 KO donor cells exhibited greater peak (day 10) donor T cell proliferation and CD8 T cell effector CTL numbers versus wild-type→F1 mice. Fas or programmed cell death-1 upregulation was normal as was homeostatic contraction of CD80 KO donor cells from days 12-14. Mixing studies demonstrated that maximal host cell elimination was seen when both CD4 and CD8 T cells were CD80 deficient. These results indicate an important role for CD80 upregulation on Ag-activated CD4 and CD8 T cells in limiting expansion of CD8 CTL effectors as part of a normal immune response. Our results support further studies of therapeutic targeting of CD80 in conditions characterized by suboptimal CD8 effector responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Puliaeva
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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27
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Donor CD8 T cell activation is critical for greater renal disease severity in female chronic graft-vs.-host mice and is associated with increased splenic ICOS(hi) host CD4 T cells and IL-21 expression. Clin Immunol 2010; 136:61-73. [PMID: 20451460 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lupus-like renal disease in DBA/2-into-F1 (DBA --> F1) mice is driven by donor CD4 T cells and is more severe in females. Donor CD8 T cells have no known role. As expected, we observed that females receiving unfractionated DBA splenocytes (CD8 intact --> F1) exhibited greater clinical and histological severities of renal disease at 13 weeks compared to males. Surprisingly, sex-based differences in renal disease severity were lost in CD8 depleted --> F1 mice due to an improvement in females and a worsening in males. CD8 intact --> F1 female mice exhibited significantly greater donor and host effector (CD44(hi), CD62L(lo)) CD4 T cells and ICOS(hi) CD4 T follicular helper cells than males. CD8 depleted --> F1 female mice exhibited a reduction in the absolute numbers of host, but not donor CD4 Tfh cells and lost the significant increase in host CD4 effector cells vs. males. Greater female IL-21 expression, a product of Tfh cells, was seen in CD8 intact --> F1 and although reduced was still greater than male CD8 depleted --> F1 mice. Thus, donor CD8 T cells have a critical role in mediating sex-based differences in lupus renal disease severity possibly through greater host ICOS(hi) CD4 T cell involvement.
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28
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Via CS. Advances in lupus stemming from the parent-into-F1 model. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:236-45. [PMID: 20362509 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The parent-into-F1 model has led to important advances in our understanding of lupus. Here, we review the work in murine lupus that elucidated the role of T cells and supported the conclusion that the parent-into-F1 model of induced lupus compares favorably with de facto gold standard spontaneous models of lupus. Then we focus on recent work in parent-into-F1 mice, which has yielded novel insights into unresolved controversies, such as the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of lupus and lupus in patients receiving TNF blockade. Finally, the review considers the evidence that supports a potential role for CD8 T cells, both cytotoxic and memory cells, in mediating disease remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Via
- Pathology Department, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 21042, USA.
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Via CS, Shearer GM. Defective in vitro IL-2 production in lupus is an early but secondary event paralleling disease activity: evidence from the murine parent-into-F1 model supports staging of IL-2 defects in human lupus. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:23-31. [PMID: 20001649 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903374808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell defects are a well described feature of both human and murine lupus however their exact significance is unclear. Evidence from an induced model of lupus, the P --> F1 model of chronic lupus-like GVHD demonstrates that a secondary inducible T cell defect in in vitro IL-2 and CTL responses occurs early in the course of lupus-like disease and well in advance of clinical disease. Defective Th cell function was probed using a novel approach categorizing the response to two stimuli:1) the MHC self restricted response, termed self +X; and 2) the allogeneic response. Using this approach, lupus mice exhibited similar in vitro Th cell pattern i.e. an absent S+X response but preserved allogeneic (termed -/+). In contrast, human lupus patients exhibited three possible response patterns, +/+, - /+ or -/- with more severe in vitro T cell impairment correlated with more severe disease. Similarly, patients with other T cell mediated conditions i.e. HIV infection or renal allograft recipients, also exhibited more severe in vitro T cell impairment with greater disease activity or greater immunosuppression respectively. The similar Th response patterns in human and murine T cell mediated conditions indicates that the underlying mechanisms involved are not disease specific but instead reflect common immune responses and validate the use of the P --> F1 model for future studies of T cell mediated conditions. These results support the use of prospective monitoring of IL-2 responses in lupus patients. Successful adaptation of this approach to the clinical setting could allow not only earlier therapeutic intervention and reduced organ damage but also earlier tapering of pharmacological agents and reduced untoward effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Via
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20841, USA.
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30
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Puliaeva I, Puliaev R, Shustov A, Haas M, Via CS. Fas expression on antigen-specific T cells has costimulatory, helper, and down-regulatory functions in vivo for cytotoxic T cell responses but not for T cell-dependent B cell responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 181:5912-29. [PMID: 18941180 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.5912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fas-mediated apoptosis is an important contributor to contraction of Ag-driven T cell responses acting only on activated Ag-specific T cells. The effects of targeted Fas deletion on selected cell populations are well described however little is known regarding the consequences of Fas deletion on only activated Ag-specific T cells. We addressed this question using the parent-into-F(1) (P-->F(1)) model of acute or chronic (lupus-like) graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) as a model of either a CTL-mediated or T-dependent B cell-mediated response, respectively. By transferring Fas-deficient lpr donor T cells into Fas-intact F(1) hosts, the in vivo role of Ag-specific T cell Fas can be determined. Our results demonstrate a novel dichotomy of Ag-specific T cell Fas function in that: 1) Fas expression on Ag-activated T cells has costimulatory, helper, and down-regulatory roles in vivo and 2) these roles were observed only in a CTL response (acute GVHD) and not in a T-dependent B cell response (chronic GVHD). Specifically, CD4 T cell Fas expression is important for optimal CD4 initial expansion and absolutely required for help for CD8 effector CTL. Donor CD8 T cell Fas expression played an important but not exclusive role in apoptosis and down-regulation. By contrast, CD4 Fas expression played no detectable role in modulating chronic GVHD induction or disease expression. These results demonstrate a novel role for Ag-specific T cell Fas expression in in vivo CTL responses and support a review of the paradigm by which Fas deficiency accelerates lupus in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Puliaeva
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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31
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Abstract
Recent evidence supports the idea that following a break in tolerance, CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) may be an important but unrecognized mechanism for limiting expansion of autoreactive B cells. Failure of this mechanism could allow persistence of CD4 T cell driven polyclonal B cell activation resulting in clinical lupus. Although CD8 CTL failure may occur early in disease, work in mice supports the concept that therapeutic CTL enhancement may be both practical and beneficial in lupus. Devising such therapy for humans will first require an understanding of the in vivo mechanisms critical in CTL expansion and down regulation, particularly in the lupus setting which may differ from CTL generation in other clinical settings (e.g. tumors, infections).
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