1
|
Mahamat O, André-Ledoux N, Chrisopher T, Mbifu AA, Albert K. Assessment of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of termite associated fungi, Termitomyces clypeatus R. Heim (Lyophyllaceae, Basidiomycota). CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-018-0089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
2
|
|
3
|
Arthur CM, Patel SR, Smith NH, Bennett A, Kamili NA, Mener A, Gerner-Smidt C, Sullivan HC, Hale JS, Wieland A, Youngblood B, Zimring JC, Hendrickson JE, Stowell SR. Antigen Density Dictates Immune Responsiveness following Red Blood Cell Transfusion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2671-2680. [PMID: 28250159 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although RBC transfusion can result in the development of anti-RBC alloantibodies that increase the probability of life-threatening hemolytic transfusion reactions, not all patients generate anti-RBC alloantibodies. However, the factors that regulate immune responsiveness to RBC transfusion remain incompletely understood. One variable that may influence alloantibody formation is RBC alloantigen density. RBC alloantigens exist at different densities on the RBC surface and likewise exhibit distinct propensities to induce RBC alloantibody formation. However, although distinct alloantigens reside on the RBC surface at different levels, most alloantigens also represent completely different structures, making it difficult to separate the potential impact of differences in Ag density from other alloantigen features that may also influence RBC alloimmunization. To address this, we generated RBCs that stably express the same Ag at different levels. Although exposure to RBCs with higher Ag levels induces a robust Ab response, RBCs bearing low Ag levels fail to induce RBC alloantibodies. However, exposure to low Ag-density RBCs is not without consequence, because recipients subsequently develop Ag-specific tolerance. Low Ag-density RBC-induced tolerance protects higher Ag-density RBCs from immune-mediated clearance, is Ag specific, and occurs through the induction of B cell unresponsiveness. These results demonstrate that Ag density can potently impact immune outcomes following RBC transfusion and suggest that RBCs with altered Ag levels may provide a unique tool to induce Ag-specific tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Arthur
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Seema R Patel
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Nicole H Smith
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ashley Bennett
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Amanda Mener
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Christian Gerner-Smidt
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Harold C Sullivan
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - J Scott Hale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Benjamin Youngblood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - James C Zimring
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102.,Division of Hematology, Department of Laboratory and Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Jeanne E Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bernardo L, Yu H, Amash A, Zimring JC, Lazarus AH. IgG-Mediated Immune Suppression to Erythrocytes by Polyclonal Antibodies Can Occur in the Absence of Activating or Inhibitory Fcγ Receptors in a Full Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2224-30. [PMID: 26188060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyclonal anti-D has been used to prevent RhD-negative mothers from becoming immunized against RhD positive fetal erythrocytes, and this mechanism has been referred as Ab or IgG-mediated immune suppression (AMIS). Although anti-D has been highly successful, the inhibitory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Two major theories behind AMIS involve the binding of IgG to activating or inhibitory FcγR, which can induce either erythrocyte clearance or immune inhibition, respectively. In this work, we explored the absolute role of activating and inhibitory FcγR in the AMIS mechanism using the HOD mouse model of RBC immunization. HOD mice contain a RBC-specific recombinant protein composed of hen egg lysozyme (HEL), OVA and human transmembrane Duffy Ag, and erythrocytes from HOD mice can stimulate an immune response to HEL. To assess the contribution of activating and inhibitory FcγR to AMIS, C57BL/6 versus FcRγ-chain(-/-) or FcγRIIB(-/-) mice were used as recipients of HOD-RBC alone or together with anti-HEL Abs (i.e., AMIS) and the resulting immune response to HEL evaluated. We show that anti-HEL polyclonal Abs induce the same degree of AMIS effect in mice lacking these IgG binding receptors as compared with wild-type mice. In agreement with this, F(ab')2 fragments of the AMIS Ab also significantly reduced the Ab response to the HOD cells. In conclusion, successful inhibition of in vivo Ab responses to HOD-RBC by polyclonal IgG can occur independently of activating or inhibitory FcγR involvement. These results may have implications for the understanding of RhD prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidice Bernardo
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Honghui Yu
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Alaa Amash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - James C Zimring
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, South Lake Union, Seattle, WA 98102
| | - Alan H Lazarus
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Modulatory Role of Intravenous Gammaglobulin (IgIV) on the in vitro Antibody Response to a Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Antigen. J Clin Immunol 2014; 35:206-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
Antibodies in complex with specific antigen can dramatically change the antibody response to this antigen. Depending on antibody class and type of antigen, >99 % suppression or >100-fold enhancement of the response can take place. IgM and IgG3 are efficient enhancers and operate via the complement system. In contrast, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b enhance antibody and CD4(+) T cell responses to protein antigens via activating Fcγ-receptors. IgE also enhances antibody and CD4(+) T cell responses to small proteins but uses the low-affinity receptor for IgE, CD23. Most likely, IgM and IgG3 work by increasing the effective concentration of antigen on follicular dendritic cells in splenic follicles. IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgE probably enhance antibody responses by increasing antigen presentation by dendritic cells to T helper cells. IgG antibodies of all subclasses have a dual effect, and suppress antibody responses to particulate antigens such as erythrocytes. This capacity is used in the clinic to prevent immunization of Rhesus-negative women to Rhesus-positive fetal erythrocytes acquired via transplacental hemorrage. IgG-mediated suppression in mouse models can take place in the absence of Fcγ-receptors and complement and to date no knock-out mouse strain has been found where suppression is abrogated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Brinc D, Le-Tien H, Crow AR, Semple JW, Freedman J, Lazarus AH. Transfusion of antibody-opsonized red blood cells results in a shift in the immune response from the red blood cell to the antibody in a murine model. Transfusion 2010; 50:2016-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Mechanisms of anti-D action in the prevention of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: what can we learn from rodent models? Curr Opin Hematol 2010; 16:488-96. [PMID: 19730101 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e32833199ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn can be effectively prevented by administration of anti-D to the mother. In this setting, the IgG purified from the plasma of D-alloimmunized donors prevents the maternal immune response to D-positive red blood cells (RBC). Several monoclonal anti-D antibodies have recently been developed for potential use in the setting of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn; the functional assays used to assess the potential success of these antibodies have often assumed antigen clearance as the predominant mechanism of anti-D. Unfortunately, the in-vivo success of these monoclonal antibodies has thus far been limited. A similar inhibitory effect of IgG has been observed in animal models with a vast array of different antigens, referred to as antibody-mediated immune suppression (AMIS). Here, studies of AMIS are reviewed and the relevance of these findings for anti-D-mediated immunoprophylaxis is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS In animal models of AMIS, IgG-mediated antigen clearance was not sufficient for prevention of the antibody response to RBC. Furthermore, anti-RBC IgG inhibited B-cell priming to foreign RBC, but failed to prevent a T-cell response and immunological memory. SUMMARY The applicability of AMIS models for determining the true mechanism of anti-D, though uncertain, may nevertheless provide knowledge as to potential mechanisms of action of anti-RBC antibodies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Q, Teitz-Tennenbaum S, Donald EJ, Li M, Chang AE. In vivo sensitized and in vitro activated B cells mediate tumor regression in cancer adoptive immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3195-203. [PMID: 19667089 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy utilizing tumor-reactive T cells has proven to be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, we hypothesize that successful treatment strategies will have to appropriately stimulate not only cellular immunity, but also humoral immunity. We previously reported that B cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) may function as APCs. In this study, we identified TDLN B cells as effector cells in an adoptive immunotherapy model. In vivo primed and in vitro activated TDLN B cells alone mediated effective (p < 0.05) tumor regression after adoptive transfer into two histologically distinct murine pulmonary metastatic tumor models. Prior lymphodepletion of the host with either chemotherapy or whole-body irradiation augmented the therapeutic efficacy of the adoptively transferred TDLN B cells in the treatment of s.c. tumors as well as metastatic pulmonary tumors. Furthermore, B cell plus T cell transfers resulted in substantially more efficient antitumor responses than B cells or T cells alone (p < 0.05). Activated TDLN B cells conferred strong humoral responses to tumor. This was evident by the production of IgM, IgG, and IgG2b, which bound specifically to tumor cells and led to specific tumor cell lysis in the presence of complement. Collectively, these data indicate that in vivo primed and in vitro activated B cells can be employed as effector cells for cancer therapy. The synergistic antitumor efficacy of cotransferred activated B effector cells and T effector cells represents a novel approach for cancer adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brinc D, Lazarus AH. Mechanisms of anti-D action in the prevention of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2009; 2009:185-191. [PMID: 20008198 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anti-D is routinely and effectively used to prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) caused by the antibody response to the D antigen on fetal RBCs. Anti-D is a polyclonal IgG product purified from the plasma of D-alloimmunized individuals. The mechanism of anti-D has not been fully elucidated. Antigenic epitopes are not fully masked by anti-D and are available for immune system recognition. However, a correlation has frequently been observed between anti-D-mediated RBC clearance and prevention of the antibody response, suggesting that anti-D may be able to destroy RBCs without triggering the adaptive immune response. Anti-D-opsonized RBCs may also elicit inhibitory FcgammaRIIB signaling in B cells and prevent B cell activation. The ability of antigen-specific IgG to inhibit antibody responses has also been observed in a variety of animal models immunized with a vast array of different antigens, such as sheep RBCs (SRBC). This effect has been referred to as antibody-mediated immune suppression (AMIS). In animal models, IgG inhibits the antibody response, but the T-cell response and memory may still be intact. IgG does not mask all epitopes, and IgG-mediated RBC clearance or FcgammaRIIB-mediated B-cell inhibition do not appear to mediate the AMIS effect. Instead, IgG appears to selectively disrupt B cell priming, although the exact mechanism remains obscure. While the applicability of animal models of AMIS to understanding the true mechanism of anti-D remains uncertain, the models have nevertheless provided us with insights into the possible IgG effects on the immune response.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Cattle
- Disease Models, Animal
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/etiology
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/immunology
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/prevention & control
- Erythrocyte Membrane/immunology
- Female
- Fetal Blood/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use
- Infant, Newborn
- Isoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Isoantibodies/immunology
- Isoantibodies/therapeutic use
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Immunological
- Opsonin Proteins/immunology
- Phagocytosis
- Pregnancy
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Receptors, IgG/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Rh Isoimmunization/therapy
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/immunology
- Rho(D) Immune Globulin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Brinc
- Canadian Blood Services, Department of Laboratory Medicine of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|