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Moog MT, Baltes M, Röpke T, Aschenbrenner F, Maus R, Stolper J, Jonigk D, Prinz I, Kolb M, Maus UA. Innate T-cell-derived IL-17A/F protects from bleomycin-induced acute lung injury but not bleomycin or adenoviral TGF-β1-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451323. [PMID: 39235361 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The pathobiology of IL-17 in lung fibrogenesis is controversial. Here we examined the role of IL-17A/F in bleomycin (BLM) and adenoviral TGF-β1-induced lung fibrosis in mice. In both experimental models, WT and IL17af-/- mice showed increased collagen contents and remodeled lung architecture as assessed by histopathological examination, suggesting that IL-17A/F is dispensable for lung fibrogenesis. However, IL17af-/- mice responded to the BLM challenge with perturbed lung leukocyte subset recruitment. More specifically, bleomycin triggered angiocentric neutrophilic infiltrations of the lung accompanied by increased mortality of IL17af-/- but not WT mice. WT bone marrow transplantation failed to correct this phenotype in BLM-challenged IL17af-/- mice. Conversely, IL17a/f-/- bone marrow transplantation → WT did not perturb lung leukocytic responses upon BLM. At the same time, IL17af-/- mice treated with recombinant IL-17A/F showed an attenuated lung inflammatory response to BLM. Together, the data show that the degree of BLM-driven acute lung injury was critically dependent on the presence of IL-17A/F, while in both models, the fibrotic remodeling process was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T Moog
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melina Baltes
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tina Röpke
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Aschenbrenner
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Medical Center, Aachen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site BREATH, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Yuan Y. Imbalance of dendritic cell function in pulmonary fibrosis. Cytokine 2024; 181:156687. [PMID: 38963940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, irreversible interstitial lung disease. The pathogenesis of PF remains unclear, and there are currently no effective treatments or drugs that can completely cure PF. The primary cause of PF is an imbalance of inflammatory response and inappropriate repair following lung injury. Dendritic cells (DCs), as one of the immune cells in the body, play an important role in regulating immune response, immune tolerance, and promoting tissue repair following lung injury. However, the role of DCs in the PF process is ambiguous or even contradictory in the existing literature. On the one hand, DCs can secrete transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), stimulate Th17 cell differentiation, stimulate fibroblast proliferation, and promote the generation of inflammatory factors interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), thereby promoting PF. On the other hand, DCs suppress PF through mechanisms including the secretion of IL-10 to inhibit effector T cell activity in the lungs and promote the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as by expressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which facilitate the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This article will infer possible reasons for the different roles of DCs in PF and analyze possible reasons for the functional imbalance of DCs in pulmonary fibrosis from the complexity and changes of the pulmonary microenvironment, autophagy defects of DCs, and changes in the pulmonary physical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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3
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Mikami N, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells in autoimmune kidney diseases and transplantation. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:544-557. [PMID: 37400628 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) are naturally present in the immune system and have roles in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune system and tissue homeostasis. Treg cells suppress T cell activation, expansion and effector functions by various mechanisms, particularly by controlling the functions of antigen-presenting cells. They can also contribute to tissue repair by suppressing inflammation and facilitating tissue regeneration, for example, via the production of growth factors and the promotion of stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Monogenic anomalies of Treg cells and genetic variations of Treg cell functional molecules can cause or predispose patients to the development of autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory disorders, including kidney diseases. Treg cells can potentially be utilized or targeted to treat immunological diseases and establish transplantation tolerance, for example, by expanding natural Treg cells in vivo using IL-2 or small molecules or by expanding them in vitro for adoptive Treg cell therapy. Efforts are also being made to convert antigen-specific conventional T cells into Treg cells and to generate chimeric antigen receptor Treg cells from natural Treg cells for adoptive Treg cell therapies with the aim of achieving antigen-specific immune suppression and tolerance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Mikami
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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4
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Feng L, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zheng S, Xie N. Immunometabolism changes in fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243675. [PMID: 37576819 PMCID: PMC10412938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are essential for initiating and developing the fibrotic process by releasing cytokines and growth factors that activate fibroblasts and promote extracellular matrix deposition. Immunometabolism describes how metabolic alterations affect the function of immune cells and how inflammation and immune responses regulate systemic metabolism. The disturbed immune cell function and their interactions with other cells in the tissue microenvironment lead to the origin and advancement of fibrosis. Understanding the dysregulated metabolic alterations and interactions between fibroblasts and the immune cells is critical for providing new therapeutic targets for fibrosis. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the pathophysiology of fibrosis from the immunometabolism aspect, highlighting the altered metabolic pathways in critical immune cell populations and the impact of inflammation on fibroblast metabolism during the development of fibrosis. We also discuss how this knowledge could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujing Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodian Zhang
- Hainan Cancer Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Pathology, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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5
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Isono T, Iwahori K, Yanagawa M, Yamamoto Y, Tone M, Haruna M, Hirata M, Fukui E, Kimura T, Kanou T, Ose N, Funaki S, Takeda Y, Morii E, Kumanogoh A, Shintani Y, Wada H. T cell immunity in interstitial lung disease with non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2023; 182:107278. [PMID: 37321075 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited treatment options are available for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The rationale for immunotherapy and its adverse events for NSCLC with ILD remains unclear. In this study, we examined T cell profiles and functions in the lung tissues of NSCLC patients with or without ILD to provide evidence for the potential mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related pneumonitis in NSCLC patients with ILD. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated T cell immunity in the lung tissues of NSCLC patients with ILD to support the application of immunotherapy for these patients. We analyzed T cell profiles and functions in surgically resected lung tissues from NSCLC patients with and without ILD. The T cell profiles of infiltrating cells in lung tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry. T cell functions were measured based on cytokine production by T cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin. RESULTS The percentages of CD4+ T cells expressing immune checkpoint molecules (Tim-3, ICOS, and 4-1BB), CD103+CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells were higher in NSCLC patients with than in those without ILD. A functional analysis of T cells in lung tissues indicated that CD103+CD8+ T cells positively correlated with IFNγ production, whereas Treg cells negatively correlated with IFNγ and TNFα production. Cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not significantly differ between NSCLC patients with and without ILD, except for TNFα production by CD4+ T cells being lower in the former than in the latter. CONCLUSION In NSCLC patients with ILD stable for surgery, T cells were active participants and balanced in part by Treg cells in lung tissues, suggesting the potential development of ICI-related pneumonitis in NSCLC patients with ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Isono
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yanagawa
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Tone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miya Haruna
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Michinari Hirata
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoko Ose
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Fukui M, Harada N, Takamochi K, Hayashi T, Matsunaga T, Hattori A, Kawagoe I, Suzuki K. The balance between lung regulatory T cells and Th17 cells is a risk indicator for the acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease after surgery: a case-control study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:70. [PMID: 36814205 PMCID: PMC9945823 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exacerbation (AE) of interstitial lung disease (ILD) (AE-ILD) is a life-threatening condition and the leading cause of 30-day mortality among patients who underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer in Japan. This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of the immune environment of lung tissues before the onset of AE-ILD. METHODS This retrospective matched case-control study compared the immune phenotypes of helper T cells in lung tissues from patients with and without AE-ILD after surgery. In total, 135 patients who underwent surgical resection for lung cancer and were pathologically diagnosed with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) at our institute between 2009 and 2018 were enrolled. Thirteen patients with AE-IIP and 122 patients without AE (non-AE) were matched using a propensity score analysis, and 12 cases in each group were compared. We evaluated the percentages of T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg), and CD8 cells in CD3+ T cells and the Th1:Th2, Th17:Treg, and CD8:Treg ratios in patients with AE by immunostaining of lung tissues in the non-tumor area. RESULTS We found a significant difference in the lung Th17:Treg ratio between the AE and non-AE groups (1.47 and 0.79, p = 0.041). However, we detected no significant differences in the percentages of lung Th1 (21.3% and 29.0%), Th2 (34.2% and 42.7%), Th17 (22.3% and 21.6%), Treg (19.6% and 29.1%), and CD8+ T cells (47.2% and 42.2%) of CD3+ T cells between the AE and non-AE groups. CONCLUSION The ratio of Th17:Treg cells in lung tissues was higher in participants in the AE group than in those in the non-AE group. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the ethics committee of our institute (2,016,095).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Fukui
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-3, Hondo 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8431, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Norihiro Harada
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-3, Hondo 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8431 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsunaga
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-3, Hondo 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8431 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aritoshi Hattori
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-3, Hondo 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8431 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Kawagoe
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Anesthesiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-3, Hondo 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8431 Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Esnault S, Jarjour NN. Development of Adaptive Immunity and Its Role in Lung Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:287-351. [PMID: 37464127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitations resulting from bronchial closure, which can be either reversible or fixed due to changes in airway tissue composition and structure, also known as remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as increased presence of mucins-producing epithelial cells, increased thickness of airway smooth muscle cells, angiogenesis, increased number and activation state of fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Airway inflammation is believed to be the main cause of the development of airway remodeling in asthma. In this chapter, we will review the development of the adaptive immune response and the impact of its mediators and cells on the elements defining airway remodeling in asthma.
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8
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Hollwedel FD, Maus R, Stolper J, Jonigk D, Hildebrand CB, Welte T, Brandenberger C, Maus UA. Neutrophilic Pleuritis Is a Severe Complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia in Old Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2172-2180. [PMID: 36426980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pathomechanisms underlying the frequently observed fatal outcome of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in elderly patients are understudied. In this study, we examined the early antibacterial immune response in young mice (age 2-3 mo) as compared with old mice (age 18-19 mo) postinfection with K. pneumoniae. Old mice exhibited significantly higher bacterial loads in lungs and bacteremia as early as 24 h postinfection compared with young mice, with neutrophilic pleuritis nearly exclusively developing in old but not young mice. Moreover, we observed heavily increased cytokine responses in lungs and pleural spaces along with increased mortality in old mice. Mechanistically, Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion contributed to the observed hyperinflammation, which decreased upon caspase-1 inhibitor treatment of K. pneumoniae-infected old mice. Irradiated old mice transplanted with the bone marrow of young mice did not show hyperinflammation or early bacteremia in response to K. pneumoniae. Collectively, the accentuated lung pathology observed in K. pneumoniae-infected old mice appears to be due to regulatory defects of the bone marrow but not the lung, while involving dysregulated activation of the Nlrp3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke D Hollwedel
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Transcriptome Classification Reveals Molecular Subgroups in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:7448481. [PMID: 35919036 PMCID: PMC9308534 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7448481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of progressive lung fibrosis with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to uncover the underlying molecular features for different types of IPF. IPF microarray datasets were retrieved from GEO databases. Weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) was used and identified subgroup-specific WGCNA modules. Infiltration-level immune cells in different subgroups of microenvironments were analyzed with CIBERSORT algorithms. The result is we classified 173 IPF cases into two subgroups based on gene expression profiles, which were retrieved from the GEO databases. The SGRQ score and age were significantly higher in C2 than in C1. Using WGCNA, five subgroup-specific modules were identified. M4 was mainly enriched by MAPK signaling, which was mainly expressed in C2; M1, M2, and M3 were mainly enriched by metabolic pathways and Chemokine signaling, and the pathway of M5 was phagosome inflammation; M1, M2, M3, and M5 were mainly expressed in C1. Utilizing the CIBERSORT, we showed that the number of M1 macrophage cells, CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and Plasma cells was significantly different between C1 and C2. We found the molecular subgroups of IPF revealed that cases from different subgroups may have their unique patterns and provide novel information to understand the mechanisms of IPF itself.
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10
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Bormann T, Maus R, Stolper J, Tort Tarrés M, Brandenberger C, Wedekind D, Jonigk D, Welte T, Gauldie J, Kolb M, Maus UA. Role of matrix metalloprotease-2 and MMP-9 in experimental lung fibrosis in mice. Respir Res 2022; 23:180. [PMID: 35804363 PMCID: PMC9270768 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a diffuse parenchymal lung disease characterized by exuberant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the lung interstitium, which contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality in IPF patients. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, many of which have been implicated in the regulation of ECM degradation in lung fibrosis. However, the roles of MMP-2 and -9 (also termed gelatinases A and B) have not yet been explored in lung fibrosis in detail. METHODS AdTGF-β1 was applied via orotracheal routes to the lungs of WT, MMP-2 KO, MMP-9 KO and MMP-2/-9 dKO mice on day 0 to induce lung fibrosis. Using hydroxyproline assay, FlexiVent based lung function measurement, histopathology, western blot and ELISA techniques, we analyzed MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in BAL fluid and lung, collagen contents in lung and lung function in mice on day 14 and 21 post-treatment. RESULT IPF lung homogenates exhibited significantly increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, relative to disease controls. Enzymatically active MMP-2 and MMP-9 was increased in lungs of mice exposed to adenoviral TGF-β1, suggesting a role for these metalloproteinases in lung fibrogenesis. However, we found that neither MMP-2 or MMP-9 nor combined MMP-2/-9 deletion had any effect on experimental lung fibrosis in mice. CONCLUSION Together, our data strongly suggest that both gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 play only a subordinate role in experimental lung fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Bormann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 21, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 21, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 21, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meritxell Tort Tarrés
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 21, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site BREATH, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jack Gauldie
- Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 21, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site BREATH, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Moreau JM, Velegraki M, Bolyard C, Rosenblum MD, Li Z. Transforming growth factor-β1 in regulatory T cell biology. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi4613. [PMID: 35302863 PMCID: PMC10552796 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg) biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and function is complicated by the pleiotropic and context-dependent activity of this cytokine and the multifaceted biology of Tregs. Among CD4+ T cells, Tregs are the major producers of latent TGF-β1 and are uniquely able to activate this cytokine via expression of cell surface docking receptor glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) and αv integrins. Although a preponderance of evidence indicates no essential roles for Treg-derived TGF-β1 in Treg immunosuppression, TGF-β1 signaling is crucial for Treg development in the thymus and periphery. Furthermore, active TGF-β1 instructs the differentiation of other T cell subsets, including TH17 cells. Here, we will review TGF-β1 signaling in Treg development and function and discuss knowledge gaps, future research, and the TGF-β1/Treg axis in the context of cancer immunotherapy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael D. Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Huang B, Jin T, Ocansey DKW, Jiang J, Mao F. Intestinal Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Prospects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835005. [PMID: 35370998 PMCID: PMC8971815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is an important complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the course of the development of fibrosis, certain parts of the intestine become narrowed, significantly destroying the structure and function of the intestine and affecting the quality of life of patients. Chronic inflammation is an important initiating factor of fibrosis. Unfortunately, the existing anti-inflammatory drugs cannot effectively prevent and alleviate fibrosis, and there is no effective anti-fibrotic drug, which makes surgical treatment the mainstream treatment for intestinal fibrosis and stenosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of tissue regeneration and repair through their self-differentiation, secretion of cytokines, and secretion of extracellular vesicles. MSCs have been shown to play an important therapeutic role in the fibrosis of many organs. However, the role of MSC in intestinal fibrosis largely remained unexplored. This review summarizes the mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, including the role of immune cells, TGF-β, and the gut microbiome and metabolites. Available treatment options for fibrosis, particularly, MSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- General Surgery Department, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Endoscopy, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiajia Jiang, ; Fei Mao,
| | - Fei Mao
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiajia Jiang, ; Fei Mao,
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13
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Frantz C, Cauvet A, Durand A, Gonzalez V, Pierre R, Do Cruzeiro M, Bailly K, Andrieu M, Orvain C, Avouac J, Ottaviani M, Thuillet R, Tu L, Guignabert C, Lucas B, Auffray C, Allanore Y. Driving Role of Interleukin-2-Related Regulatory CD4+ T Cell Deficiency in the Development of Lung Fibrosis and Vascular Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1387-1398. [PMID: 35255201 DOI: 10.1002/art.42111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by severe lung outcomes resulting in reduced life expectancy. Fra-2-transgenic mice offer the opportunity to decipher the relationships between the immune system and lung fibrosis. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the Fra-2-transgenic mouse lung phenotype may result from an imbalance between the effector and regulatory arms in the CD4+ T cell compartment. METHODS We first used multicolor flow cytometry to extensively characterize homeostasis and the phenotype of peripheral CD4+ T cells from Fra-2-transgenic mice and control mice. We then tested different treatments for their effectiveness in restoring CD4+ Treg cell homeostasis, including adoptive transfer of Treg cells and treatment with low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2). RESULTS Fra-2-transgenic mice demonstrated a marked decrease in the proportion and absolute number of peripheral Treg cells that preceded accumulation of activated, T helper cell type 2-polarized, CD4+ T cells. This defect in Treg cell homeostasis was derived from a combination of mechanisms including impaired generation of these cells in both the thymus and the periphery. The impaired ability of peripheral conventional CD4+ T cells to produce IL-2 may greatly contribute to Treg cell deficiency in Fra-2-transgenic mice. Notably, adoptive transfer of Treg cells, low-dose IL-2 therapy, or combination therapy changed the phenotype of Fra-2-transgenic mice, resulting in a significant reduction in pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis and vascular remodeling in the lungs. CONCLUSION Immunotherapies for restoring Treg cell homeostasis could be relevant in SSc. An intervention based on low-dose IL-2 injections, as is already proposed in other autoimmune diseases, could be the most suitable treatment modality for restoring Treg cell homeostasis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Frantz
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, and Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne Cauvet
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Durand
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | | | - Rémi Pierre
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | | | - Karine Bailly
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Andrieu
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Orvain
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Avouac
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, and Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- INSERM UMR S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, and Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, and Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, and Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, and Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Auffray
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, and Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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14
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Moog MT, Hinze C, Bormann T, Aschenbrenner F, Knudsen L, DeLuca DS, Jonigk D, Neubert L, Welte T, Gauldie J, Kolb M, Maus UA. B Cells Are Not Involved in the Regulation of Adenoviral TGF-β1- or Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1259-1271. [PMID: 35149532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible, age-related diffuse parenchymal lung disease of poorly defined etiology. Many patients with IPF demonstrate distinctive lymphocytic interstitial infiltrations within remodeled lung tissue with uncertain pathogenetic relevance. Histopathological examination of explant lung tissue of patients with IPF revealed accentuated lymphoplasmacellular accumulations in close vicinity to, or even infiltrating, remodeled lung tissue. Similarly, we found significant accumulations of B cells interfused with T cells within remodeled lung tissue in two murine models of adenoviral TGF-β1 or bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. Such B cell accumulations coincided with significantly increased lung collagen deposition, lung histopathology, and worsened lung function in wild-type (WT) mice. Surprisingly, B cell-deficient µMT knockout mice exhibited similar lung tissue remodeling and worsened lung function upon either AdTGF-β1 or BLM as for WT mice. Comparative transcriptomic profiling of sorted B cells collected from lungs of AdTGF-β1- and BLM-exposed WT mice identified a large set of commonly regulated genes, but with significant enrichment observed for Gene Ontology terms apparently not related to lung fibrogenesis. Collectively, although we observed B cell accumulations in lungs of IPF patients as well as two experimental models of lung fibrosis, comparative profiling of characteristic features of lung fibrosis between WT and B cell-deficient mice did not support a major involvement of B cells in lung fibrogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T Moog
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Hinze
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tina Bormann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David S DeLuca
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover, Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Jack Gauldie
- Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Takao S, Nakashima T, Masuda T, Namba M, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi K, Horimasu Y, Miyamoto S, Iwamoto H, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Takahashi S, Nakashima A, Hattori N. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in serum-free media demonstrate enhanced antifibrotic abilities via prolonged survival and robust regulatory T cell induction in murine bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:506. [PMID: 34530920 PMCID: PMC8444523 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a potential therapeutic tool for pulmonary fibrosis. However, ex vivo MSC expansion using serum poses risks of harmful immune responses or unknown pathogen infections in the recipients. Therefore, MSCs cultured in serum-free media (SF-MSCs) are ideal for clinical settings; however, their efficacy in pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of SF-MSCs on bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis compared to those of MSCs cultured in serum-containing media (S-MSCs). Methods SF-MSCs and S-MSCs were characterized in vitro using RNA sequence analysis. The in vivo kinetics and efficacy of SF-MSC therapy were investigated using a murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. For normally distributed data, Student’s t test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey’s test were used for comparison between two groups and multiple groups, respectively. For non-normally distributed data, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for comparison between groups, using e Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons. All tests were two-sided, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Serum-free media promoted human bone marrow-derived MSC expansion and improved lung engraftment of intravenously administered MSCs in recipient mice. SF-MSCs inhibited the reduction in serum transforming growth factor-β1 and the increase of interleukin-6 in both the serum and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. SF-MSC administration increased the numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood and lungs more strongly than in S-MSC administration. Furthermore, SF-MSCs demonstrated enhanced antifibrotic effects on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which were diminished by antibody-mediated Treg depletion. Conclusions SF-MSCs significantly suppressed BLM-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis through enhanced induction of Tregs into the lungs and corrected the dysregulated cytokine balance. Therefore, SF-MSCs could be a useful tool for preventing pulmonary fibrosis progression without the demerits of serum use. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02574-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Takao
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Namba
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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16
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Beghé B, Cerri S, Fabbri LM, Marchioni A. COPD, Pulmonary Fibrosis and ILAs in Aging Smokers: The Paradox of Striking Different Responses to the Major Risk Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179292. [PMID: 34502194 PMCID: PMC8430914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and smoking are associated with the progressive development of three main pulmonary diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). All three manifest mainly after the age of 60 years, but with different natural histories and prevalence: COPD prevalence increases with age to >40%, ILA prevalence is 8%, and IPF, a rare disease, is 0.0005–0.002%. While COPD and ILAs may be associated with gradual progression and mortality, the natural history of IPF remains obscure, with a worse prognosis and life expectancy of 2–5 years from diagnosis. Acute exacerbations are significant events in both COPD and IPF, with a much worse prognosis in IPF. This perspective discusses the paradox of the striking pathological and pathophysiologic responses on the background of the same main risk factors, aging and smoking, suggesting two distinct pathophysiologic processes for COPD and ILAs on one side and IPF on the other side. Pathologically, COPD is characterized by small airways fibrosis and remodeling, with the destruction of the lung parenchyma. By contrast, IPF almost exclusively affects the lung parenchyma and interstitium. ILAs are a heterogenous group of diseases, a minority of which present with the alveolar and interstitial abnormalities of interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Beghé
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Leonardo M. Fabbri
- Department of Translational Medicine and Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (A.M.)
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17
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Lindenberg M, Almeida L, Dhillon-LaBrooy A, Siegel E, Henriques-Normark B, Sparwasser T. Clarithromycin impairs tissue-resident memory and Th17 responses to macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:817-829. [PMID: 33595670 PMCID: PMC8164591 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens is a growing public health concern, with the potential to compromise the success of infectious disease treatments in the future. Particularly, the number of infections by macrolide antibiotics-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing. We show here that Clarithromycin impairs both the frequencies and number of interleukin (IL)-17 producing T helper (Th) 17 cells within the lungs of mice infected with a macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae serotype 15A strain. Subsequently, the tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cell (Trm) response to a consecutive S. pneumoniae infection was impaired. The number of lung resident IL-17+ CD69+ Trm was diminished upon Clarithromycin treatment during reinfection. Mechanistically, Clarithromycin attenuated phosphorylation of the p90-S6-kinase as part of the ERK pathway in Th17 cells. Moreover, a strong increase in the mitochondrial-mediated maximal respiratory capacity was observed, while mitochondrial protein translation and mTOR sisgnaling were unimpaired. Therefore, treatment with macrolide antibiotics may favor the spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens not only by applying a selection pressure but also by decreasing the natural T cell immune response. Clinical administration of macrolide antibiotics as standard therapy procedure during initial hospitalization should be reconsidered accordingly and possibly be withheld until microbial resistance is determined. Key messages • Macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae infection undergoes immunomodulation by Clarithromycin • Clarithromycin treatment hinders Th17 and tissue-resident memory responses • Macrolide antibiotics impair Th17 differentiation in vitro by ERK-pathway inhibition Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02039-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lindenberg
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Hanover-Brunswick, Hanover, Germany
| | - Luis Almeida
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Siegel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, MTC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
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18
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Huang E, Peng N, Xiao F, Hu D, Wang X, Lu L. The Roles of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5203. [PMID: 32708044 PMCID: PMC7432671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury and inflammatory response trigger the development of fibrosis in various diseases. It has been recognized that both innate and adaptive immune cells are important players with multifaceted functions in fibrogenesis. The activated immune cells produce various cytokines, modulate the differentiation and functions of myofibroblasts via diverse molecular mechanisms, and regulate fibrotic development. The immune cells exhibit differential functions during different stages of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarized recent advances in understanding the roles of immune cells in regulating fibrotic development and immune-based therapies in different disorders and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms with a focus on mTOR and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (N.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (N.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
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