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Zhang H, Ni M, Wang H, Zhang J, Jin D, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Li W, Wang X, Zhai Y. Gsk3β regulates the resolution of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via MerTK. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e151819. [PMID: 36422999 PMCID: PMC9870084 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glycogen synthase kinase β (Gsk3β) has been shown to regulate tissue inflammation, whether and how it regulates inflammation resolution versus inflammation activation is unclear. In a murine liver, partial warm ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model, we found that Gsk3β inhibitory phosphorylation increased at both the early-activation and late-resolution stages of the disease. Myeloid Gsk3β deficiency not only alleviated liver injuries, it also facilitated the restoration of liver homeostasis. Depletion of Kupffer cells prior to the onset of liver ischemia diminished the differences between the WT and Gsk3β-KO mice in the activation of liver IRI. However, the resolution of liver IRI remained accelerated in Gsk3β-KO mice. In CD11b-DTR mice, Gsk3β-deficient BM-derived macrophages (BMMs) facilitated the resolution of liver IRI as compared with WT cells. Furthermore, Gsk3β deficiency promoted the reparative phenotype differentiation in vivo in liver-infiltrating macrophages and in vitro in BMMs. Gsk3 pharmacological inhibition promoted the resolution of liver IRI in WT, but not myeloid MerTK-deficient, mice. Thus, Gsk3β regulates liver IRI at both activation and resolution stages of the disease. Gsk3 inactivation enhances the proresolving function of liver-infiltrating macrophages in an MerTK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Hepatobiliary Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Hepatobiliary Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dan Jin
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Transplant Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Dery KJ, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. New insights into ischemia-reperfusion injury signaling pathways in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:424-433. [PMID: 35857344 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) leading to allograft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients is a devastating event that compromises graft and patient survival. As our clinical knowledge regarding its definition and presentation has significantly improved over the last years, adequate biomarkers translating to important therapeutic intervention remains a challenge. This review will summarize recent findings in this area. RECENT FINDINGS In the past 18 months, our understanding of organ transplantation IRI has improved. IRI involves a positive amplification feedback loop encompassing damaged cells at the graft site, the activity of redox-sensitive damage-associated molecular patterns, and local sequestration of recipient-derived monocytes, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, like neutrophils, to sustain the immunological cascade and to enhance the destruction of the foreign tissue. Recent studies have identified critical components leading to IRI, including the oxidation state of high mobility group box 1, a classic danger signal, its role in the Toll-like receptor 4-interleukin (IL)-23-IL-17A signaling axis, and the role of neutrophils and CD321, a marker for transmigration of circulating leukocytes into the inflamed tissue. In addition, recent findings imply that the protective functions mediated by autophagy activation counterbalance the detrimental nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway. Finally, clinical studies reveal the posttransplant variables associated with early allograft dysfunction and IRI. SUMMARY The future challenge will be understanding how crosstalk at the molecular and cellular levels integrate prospectively to predict which peri-transplant signals are essential for long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Liu H, Man K. New Insights in Mechanisms and Therapeutics for Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Post Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158210. [PMID: 34360975 PMCID: PMC8348697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation has been identified as the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with poor graft function and poses a risk of adverse clinical outcomes post transplantation. Cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis, is induced during the acute phase of liver IRI. The release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAPMs) and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the disturbance of metabolic homeostasis initiates graft inflammation. The inflammation in the short term exacerbates hepatic damage, leading to graft dysfunction and a higher incidence of acute rejection. The subsequent changes in the graft immune environment due to hepatic IRI may result in chronic rejection, cancer recurrence and fibrogenesis in the long term. In this review, we mainly focus on new mechanisms of inflammation initiated by immune activation related to metabolic alteration in the short term during liver IRI. The latest mechanisms of cancer recurrence and fibrogenesis due to the long-term impact of inflammation in hepatic IRI is also discussed. Furthermore, the development of therapeutic strategies, including ischemia preconditioning, pharmacological inhibitors and machine perfusion, for both attenuating acute inflammatory injury and preventing late-phase disease recurrence, will be summarized in the context of clinical, translational and basic research.
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