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Lutz MB, Ali S, Audiger C, Autenrieth SE, Berod L, Bigley V, Cyran L, Dalod M, Dörrie J, Dudziak D, Flórez-Grau G, Giusiano L, Godoy GJ, Heuer M, Krug AB, Lehmann CHK, Mayer CT, Naik SH, Scheu S, Schreibelt G, Segura E, Seré K, Sparwasser T, Tel J, Xu H, Zenke M. Guidelines for mouse and human DC generation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249816. [PMID: 36303448 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs and various non-lymphoid tissues. This article provides protocols with top ticks and pitfalls for preparation and successful generation of mouse and human DC from different cellular sources, such as murine BM and HoxB8 cells, as well as human CD34+ cells from cord blood, BM, and peripheral blood or peripheral blood monocytes. We describe murine cDC1, cDC2, and pDC generation with Flt3L and the generation of BM-derived DC with GM-CSF. Protocols for human DC generation focus on CD34+ cell culture on OP9 cell layers for cDC1, cDC2, cDC3, and pDC subset generation and DC generation from peripheral blood monocytes (MoDC). Additional protocols include enrichment of murine DC subsets, CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and clinical grade human DC generation. While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer-reviewed by leading experts and approved by all co-authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cindy Audiger
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stella E Autenrieth
- Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer (F171), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Venetia Bigley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cyran
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Dalod
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jan Dörrie
- RNA-based Immunotherapy, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (UKER), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgina Flórez-Grau
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucila Giusiano
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Gloria J Godoy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Marion Heuer
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elodie Segura
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Kristin Seré
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huaming Xu
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Hu X, Jiang C, Gao Y, Xue X. Human dendritic cell subsets in the glioblastoma-associated microenvironment. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 383:578147. [PMID: 37643497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of glioma (Grade IV). The presence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLs) has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with GBM, and it is believed that the activation of CTLs by dendritic cells may play a critical role in controlling the growth of GBM. DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) that orchestrate innate and adaptive anti-GBM immunity. DCs can subsequently differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), conventional DC1 (cDC1), conventional (cDC2), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDC) depending on environmental exposure. The different subsets of DCs exhibit varying functional capabilities in antigen presentation and T cell activation in producing an antitumor response. In this review, we focus on recent studies describing the phenotypic and functional characteristics of DC subsets in humans and their respective antitumor immunity and immunotolerance roles in the GBM-associated microenvironment. The critical components of crosstalk between DC subsets that contribute significantly to GBM-specific immune responses are also highlighted in this review with reference to the latest literature. Since DCs could be prime targets for therapeutic intervention, it is worth summarizing the relevance of DC subsets with respect to GBM-associated immunologic tolerance and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Hu
- Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Xingkui Xue
- Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Wilson KR, Villadangos JA, Mintern JD. Dendritic cell Flt3 - regulation, roles and repercussions for immunotherapy. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:962-971. [PMID: 34097779 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for initiating immune responses. Depending on the environment, the type of DC and the way in which they interact with T cells, these immune responses can be beneficial or detrimental. DCs can be exploited as cellular vectors for vaccines against infection and cancer. The development and maintenance of DCs is dependent on the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3)/Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) signaling cascade. Flt3 is also one of the most commonly mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia and as such represents an attractive drug target. In this review, Flt3 is discussed with a particular focus on DCs. We detail the lifecycle of Flt3, from transcription to degradation, and interrogate recent studies as to how this pathway can be manipulated for immunotherapy, vaccination and treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Zhao H, Chen C, Chen X, Yang C, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhao H, He J. The Collective Effect of MIP-3α and FL Promotes Dendritic Cell Function Within the Immune Microenvironment of Murine Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:646527. [PMID: 33842360 PMCID: PMC8032989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.646527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant and lethal tumor. In addition to surgery, immunotherapy is currently a more effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) largely determines the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Based on the universal targeting of TIME modulators in clinical treatment, TIME modulators are promising targets for tumor immunotherapy. We investigated the effect of a double gene expression vector (recombinant galactose-terminal glycol-poly-L-lysine coupled MIP-3α-FL) on dendritic cells (DCs) regulation within the TIME of mice with liver cancer. H22 cells were transfected with a recombinant MIP-3α-FL plasmid to induce DCs differentiation and chemotaxis. The effects of transfection were investigated by flow cytometry following the modified Boyden’s method. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells co-culture revealed changes in the antigen presentation ability of DCs. Further, tumor-bearing mice were injected with the recombinant double gene vector via the tail vein. We compared the survival time, tumor volume, weight of the mice, as well as the number and phenotype of tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) between groups. The supernatant of transfected H22 cells promoted the phenotypic maturation of DCs, enhancing their chemotaxis. Further, treated DCs promoted the cytokine secretion and killing ability of CIK cells. The survival time of mice injected with the double gene vector was significantly prolonged, while their tumor weight and volume were relatively reduced. Flow cytometry revealed that the number of TIDCs (as well as CD80 and CD86 expression) in the MouseMIP-3α-FL group, were significantly higher than in the control group. The combination of MIP-3α and FL can significantly promote DCs aggregation, maturation, and enhance their antigen presentation ability. The coupling of the double gene vector with glycosylated polylysine can improve the precise targeting of the liver and inhibit tumor growth in vivo, providing a novel approach for immune therapy in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changzhou Chen
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xidong Chen
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuanli Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Donglin Zhang
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haoliang Zhao
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiefeng He
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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