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Zhang F, Lu L, Ma S, Sun J, Liu J, Gao N, Gou Z, Zhou Y, Lai C, Li Y, Sun M, Jiang H. Artemisinin attenuates perinatal inflammation and consequent oxidative stress in oligodendrocyte precursor cells by inhibiting IRAK-4 and IRAK-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113117. [PMID: 39293313 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main causes of abnormal white matter development (periventricular leukomalacia) in premature infants are perinatal inflammation and the consequent oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this work, a rat model of prenatal inflammation was used to examine the mechanism by which artemisinin (ART) protects against white matter dysplasia. METHODS We established a primary OPC model and rat model of perinatal inflammation. ART was identified from the FDA-approved medicinal chemical library to be beneficial for treating OPC inflammation in model systems. Based on bioinformatics analysis of protein interactions and molecular docking analysis, we further identified the possible targets of ART and evaluated its specific effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Following inflammatory stimulation, ART strongly promoted the maturation of OPCs and the development of white matter in the brain. A Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) demonstrated that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) may be targets of ART, which was consistent with the findings from molecular modelling with Autodock software. Experiments conducted both in vivo and in vitro demonstrated the activation of the IRAK-4/IRAK-1/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway and the production of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in OPCs were greatly suppressed in the group treated with ART compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated group. Moreover, ART dramatically decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in OPCs while increasing nuclear factor e2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ART can significantly reduce OPC perinatal inflammation and consequent oxidative stress. The targeted inhibition of IRAK-4 and IRAK-1 by ART may be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating abnormalities in white matter development in premature newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Animal Experiment Center, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Shiyi Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Animal Experiment Center, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Junfang Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Animal Experiment Center, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Zhixian Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Chunchi Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Animal Experiment Center, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yishi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Animal Experiment Center, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Mengya Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Animal Experiment Center, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Animal Experiment Center, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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Liu X, Yang W, Zhu C, Sun S, Wu S, Wang L, Wang Y, Ge Z. Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine. Mol Brain 2022; 15:73. [PMID: 35987639 PMCID: PMC9392297 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurological disease of unknown etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors. It has previously been reported that persistent pain may be mediated by the immune and inflammatory systems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in immune and inflammatory responses and are expressed by microglia and astrocytes. One of the fundamental mechanisms of the innate immune system in coordinating inflammatory signal transduction is through TLRs, which protect the host organism by initiating inflammatory signaling cascades in response to tissue damage or stress. TLRs reside at the neuroimmune interface, and accumulating evidence has suggested that the inflammatory consequences of TLR activation on glia (mainly microglia and astrocytes), sensory neurons, and other cell types can influence nociceptive processing and lead to pain. Several studies have shown that TLRs may play a key role in neuropathic pain and migraine etiology by activating the microglia. The pathogenesis of migraine may involve a TLR-mediated crosstalk between neurons and immune cells. Innate responses in the central nervous system (CNS) occur during neuroinflammatory phenomena, including migraine. Antigens found in the environment play a crucial role in the inflammatory response, causing a broad range of diseases, including migraines. These can be recognized by several innate immune cells, including macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells, and can be activated through TLR signaling. Given the prevalence of migraine and the insufficient efficacy and safety of current treatment options, a deeper understanding of TLRs is expected to provide novel therapies for managing chronic migraine. This review aimed to justify the view that TLRs may be involved in migraine.
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