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Samelis PV, Kolovos P, Nikolaou S, Samelis VP, Markeas NG. Primary Congenital Hallux Varus: A Step-Cut Surgical Approach. Cureus 2022; 14:e28075. [PMID: 36127972 PMCID: PMC9477511 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallux varus is a rare deformity of the forefoot, which is characterized by medial deviation of the proximal phalanx of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. It is usually acquired, secondary to failed hallux valgus surgery, trauma, neurologic or rheumatologic disease. Rarely, this deformity may be congenital, either isolated, or in the context of various underlying congenital malformations of the foot, such as poly-syndactyly or longitudinal epiphyseal bracket, or part of generalized skeletal malformations. We present a case of bilateral congenital hallux varus with concomitant short first metatarsal in a three-year-old girl. A step-cut soft-tissue surgical procedure to achieve proper alignment of the medial ray of the foot is described.
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Abstract
This article explores different pediatric forefoot deformities including syndactyly, polydactyly, macrodactyly, curly toe, and congenital hallux varus. The epidemiology and genetic background are reviewed for each condition. Preferred treatment options and recommended surgical techniques are discussed with review of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryellen P Brucato
- Brucato Foot and Ankle Surgery, LLC, 1011 Clifton Avenue, Suite 1G, Clifton, NJ 07013, USA.
| | - David Y Lin
- The Pediatric Orthopedic Center, 218 Ridgedale Avenue, Suite 101, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA
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Incidence and risk factor of allergic contact dermatitis to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23762. [PMID: 34887494 PMCID: PMC8660909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the use of topical skin adhesives has increased as an alternative to conventional skin closure methods, studies on the incidence and risk factors of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to topical skin adhesives have been limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of ACD after the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives. We retrospectively reviewed 1145 patients (739 patients with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and 406 patients with n-butyl cyanoacrylate) who underwent skin closure with topical skin adhesives. Variables suspected to correlate with ACD were retrieved from medical records and analyzed to determine risk factors. The incidence of ACD from the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives was 2.7% and 2.2%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence between the two ingredients. In logistic regression analysis, none of the variables were found to increase the risk of ACD in both 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives. As ACD occurs without risk factors in 2-3% of patients who used 2-octyl cyanoacrylate or n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives, clinicians and patients should be aware of these facts before using topical skin adhesives.
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Bajuri MY, Bashir Ridha AZ, Mohd Apandi H, Sarifulnizam FA. Congenital Hallux Varus: A Rare Forefoot Deformity. Cureus 2021; 13:e17995. [PMID: 34667671 PMCID: PMC8516324 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hallux varus is a rare forefoot deformity presenting with a deviation of the great toe medially. There are various techniques for the treatment of congenital hallux varus described in the literature. We present a case of a 16-year-old boy with congenital hallux varus who underwent corrective surgery, which involved soft tissue and bony procedure for better functional and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yazid Bajuri
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | | | - Husna Mohd Apandi
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Kadıoğlu B, Güven M, Akman B, Özkan NK. Longitudinal Epiphyseal Bracket as an Overlooked Etiology of Congenital-Residual Hallux Varus: A Case Report. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2021; 111:464167. [PMID: 33872360 DOI: 10.7547/20-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket is a rare ossification disorder of the short tubular bones. The affected bone becomes deformed as a result of the bracket. The normal growth pattern cannot occur, and when it affects the first metatarsal bone, hallux varus may develop with the abnormal growth pattern. We present such a 6-year-old patient who had undergone surgery at 6 months of age for hallux varus and polydactyly. The deformity had worsened gradually after the initial operation because of the overlooked longitudinal epiphyseal bracket. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the epiphyseal bracket, with corrective medial open wedge osteotomy and split transfer of the extensor hallucis longus tendon. The result was excellent at the 20-month follow-up. At an early age, patients who present with hallux varus must be checked for the epiphyseal bracket, which can be invisible on radiographs because of the chondral structure. Untreated or overlooked patients with epiphyseal bracket will need revision operations for recurrent deformities.
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Sulaiman AR, Munajat I, M-Yusuf H, Nik-Jaffar N, Zarullail NH, Mohd EF, Johari NA. Reconstruction of Secondary Type Congenital Hallux Varus with Modification of the Farmer Technique for Cover of Skin Defect: Report of Three Cases. Malays Orthop J 2020; 13:72-76. [PMID: 31890115 PMCID: PMC6915310 DOI: 10.5704/moj.1911.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of hallux varus deformity involves the release of contracted medial structure and realignment of the phalange, leaving a significant skin defect which requires cover. Farmer described proximal based rotational skin flap from the first web space to cover the defect. This technique may compromise the circulation to the flap and risk to the lateral digital vessels. We modified his technique to address these issues. We report a successful reconstruction using the Farmer’s technique on one patient and a modified technique on three patients. We used the excess skin from the extra digit to cover the medial defect. We found this modified technique of skin cover safe without risk of injuring the neurovascular bundle. There was no recurrence of deformity at last foolow-up. All patients were able to wear normal shoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sulaiman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I Munajat
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H M-Yusuf
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nms Nik-Jaffar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N H Zarullail
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - E F Mohd
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Johari
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vlaić J, Bojić D, Rutz E, Antičević D. Longitudinal Epiphyseal Bracket of the First Metatarsal Bone: Three Case Reports and a Review of the Literature. J Foot Ankle Surg 2019; 57:1246-1252. [PMID: 30177452 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket (LEB) is a rare bone dysplasia of the tubular bones. Owing to an abnormal secondary ossification center, the affected bones can develop progressive shortening and angular deformity. The aim of our study was to provide an overview of the reported data regarding epidemiology and surgical procedures available for LEB of the first metatarsal bone in a pediatric population combined with a small case series. We report a retrospective case series of 3 nonsyndromic pediatric patients with different ages and with confirmed dysplasia of the first metatarsal bone. All patients presented with unilateral congenital hallux varus deformity and underwent surgical treatment. The radiographs and medical records were reviewed to evaluate the deformity characteristics, treatment, and clinical results. The mean patient age at initial surgery was 34 (range 12 to 63) months, and the median follow-up period was 46 (range 31 to 75) months. Almost all specific radiographic measurements showed correction of the deformity, and each foot demonstrated functional and cosmetic improvement. A standardized literature search was performed to obtain studies of LEB of the first metatarsal bone in the pediatric population. From on our results and the current data available, surgical treatment should be tailored to the patient's age and radiographic stage of LEB. However, monitoring until skeletal maturity of the feet is necessary to assess the final results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Vlaić
- Orthopedic Surgeon, Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Bojić
- Orthopedic Surgeon, Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Assistant, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Erich Rutz
- Orthopedic Surgeon, Pediatric Orthopedic Department, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darko Antičević
- Orthopedic Surgeon, Senior Consultant and Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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