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Vita F, Gualtierotti R, Miceli M, Tedeschi R, Origlio F, Cavallo M, Galletti S, Stella SM, Guerra E, Donati D, Faldini C. Fibro-adhesive Bursitis: A Novel Sonographic Finding in Adhesive Capsulitis Patients and a Proposal of Management. Rheumatol Ther 2024:10.1007/s40744-024-00716-8. [PMID: 39264535 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-024-00716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adhesive capsulitis, also known as "frozen shoulder," is a debilitating shoulder condition increasingly linked to fibroadhesive bursitis, particularly after COVID-19 and related vaccinations. There is no definitive gold standard for its treatment, the primary therapeutic objectives of which are the reduction of pain and the restoration of shoulder range of motion. The aim of our study was to analyze treatment outcomes based on quantitative measures of shoulder function and symptom relief. METHOD Conducted between January 2022 and April 2023, the research involved 45 patients initially diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis and associated fibroadhesive bursitis. After excluding nine patients for other concomitant pathologies (five for calcific tendinopathy and four for rotator cuff injury), 36 patients were randomized into two groups: one group was treated with glenohumeral hydrodistension, the other with glenohumeral hydrodistension combined with bursal injection. Assessments were conducted at baseline and then 2, 4, and 6 months after treatment, focusing on changes in pain levels, functional scores, and range of motion in all planes. Each group followed a home-based rehabilitation protocol. RESULTS Significant improvements were observed in both treatment groups, with the combined hydrodistension and bursal injection group showing notably superior outcomes. Specifically, the range of motion in flexion improved from an initial median of 80° to 155° in the combined treatment group, compared to an increase from 75.5° to 129° in the group treated with hydrodistension alone. This enhancement was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regarding pain reduction, the combined treatment group demonstrated a dramatic decrease in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, from a baseline median of 7 to 1 at the 6-month follow-up. In contrast, the hydrodistension-only group showed a reduction from 7 to 3, with these differences also proving statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided hydrodistension of the glenohumeral joint, if combined with bursal injection and specific exercises, effectively reduces pain, decreases disability, and improves range of motion in patients with second-stage adhesive capsulitis. This study highlights the importance of a combined approach in the management of this complex condition, especially after the histological changes that occurred after COVID-19 and related vaccinations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06062654.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vita
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatological Surgery, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- S.C. Medicine - Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace, 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Miceli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Tedeschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Origlio
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Cavallo
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Galletti
- Musculoskeletal Ultrasound School, Italian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Massimo Stella
- SIUMB Advanced School for Musculoskeletal Ultrasound, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Post-Graduate Course, Santa Chiara University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Guerra
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Danilo Donati
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Unit, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatological Surgery, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Picasso R, Pistoia F, Zaottini F, Marcenaro G, Miguel-Pérez M, Tagliafico AS, Martinoli C. Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: Current Concepts on the Diagnostic Work-Up and Evidence-Based Protocol for Radiological Evaluation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3410. [PMID: 37998547 PMCID: PMC10670865 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesive capsulitis is an idiopathic and disabling disorder characterized by intense shoulder pain and progressive limitation of active and passive glenohumeral joint range of motion. Although adhesive capsulitis has been traditionally considered a diagnosis of exclusion that can be established based on a suggestive medical history and the detection of supporting findings at the physical exam, imaging studies are commonly requested to confirm the diagnostic suspicion and to exclude other causes of shoulder pain. Indeed, clinical findings may be rather unspecific, and may overlap with diseases like calcific tendinitis, rotator cuff pathology, acromioclavicular or glenohumeral arthropathy, autoimmune disorders, and subacromial/subdeltoid bursitis. Magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography, and high-resolution ultrasound have shown high sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing adhesive capsulitis through the demonstration of specific pathological findings, including thickening of the joint capsule and of the coracohumeral ligament, fibrosis of the subcoracoid fat triangle, and extravasation of gadolinium outside the joint recesses. This narrative review provides an updated analysis of the current concepts on the role of imaging modalities in patients with adhesive capsulitis, with the final aim of proposing an evidence-based imaging protocol for the radiological evaluation of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Picasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16145 Genova, Liguria, Italy; (R.P.); (F.Z.); (A.S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Federico Pistoia
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16145 Genova, Liguria, Italy; (R.P.); (F.Z.); (A.S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Federico Zaottini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16145 Genova, Liguria, Italy; (R.P.); (F.Z.); (A.S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Giovanni Marcenaro
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Università di Genova, Via Antonio Pastore 1, 16132 Genova, Liguria, Italy;
| | - Maribel Miguel-Pérez
- Unidad de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Patología y Terapéutica Experimental, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud (Campus de Bellvitge), Universitat de Barcelona, 08904 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Alberto Stefano Tagliafico
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16145 Genova, Liguria, Italy; (R.P.); (F.Z.); (A.S.T.); (C.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Università di Genova, Via Antonio Pastore 1, 16132 Genova, Liguria, Italy;
| | - Carlo Martinoli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16145 Genova, Liguria, Italy; (R.P.); (F.Z.); (A.S.T.); (C.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Università di Genova, Via Antonio Pastore 1, 16132 Genova, Liguria, Italy;
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Hsieh LF, Kuo YC, Lin YT, Liu YF, Wang HC. Ultrasonographic imaging findings of the shoulder in patients with Parkinson disease. J Orthop Sci 2023; 28:1004-1010. [PMID: 35945122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder disorders, including frozen shoulder, bursitis, and rotator cuff lesions, are common musculoskeletal problems in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Because musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) can clearly image shoulder joints, we aimed to evaluate shoulder joints using US in patients with PD and healthy participants and correlation between US and PD severity. METHODS This is a prospective case-control study. 50 patients with PD and 50 healthy subjects from the outpatient department were administered US for bilateral shoulders. For data analysis, we chose the more severely affected side in the PD group for matching with the corresponding shoulder in the control group according to age, sex, and body mass index. Pain and disability were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS The PD group had higher VAS pain scores during activity (p = 0.003) and rest (p < 0.001), as well as the SPADI and SDQ scores (p < 0.001). In US findings, biceps long head tendon sheath effusion (p = 0.001), humeral head cortical irregularity (p = 0.012), and abnormality in the supraspinatus tendon (p = 0.003) were significantly greater in the PD group. Intra-group analysis in the PD group demonstrated a significant difference in passive flexion (p = 0.019) and supraspinatus tendinopathy (p = 0.033) on US examination during different disease stages. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD had more supraspinatus tendinopathy on US findings than control subjects. The lesion was significantly associated with disease severity. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT02702232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Fen Hsieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Kuo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Liu
- Department of Research, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Jäschke M, Köhler HC, Weber MA, Tischer T, Hacke C, Schulze C. Subacromial impingement syndrome: association of multiple magnetic resonance imaging parameters with shoulder function and pain. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:237-246. [PMID: 34231045 PMCID: PMC9886650 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints in orthopaedics. This study focusses on the relationship between shoulder function in subacromial impingement syndrome and imaging criteria in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective clinical trial included 69 patients treated for subacromial impingement syndrome. Shoulder function (Constant Score, range of abduction, abduction force) and pain were correlated with the following MRI parameters: tendinosis of the rotator cuff, "halo-sign" around the biceps tendon, subacromial distance, critical shoulder angle, size of subacromial osteophytic spurs and maximum width of subacromial and subdeltoid bursa. Statistical analyses included Pearson's and Spearman's coefficients of correlation, multiple regression analysis and Student's t-test. RESULTS The Constant Score was correlated positively with the critical shoulder angle (r = 0.313; p = 0.009) and inversely with a "halo-sign" around the biceps tendon (rho = -0.384; p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between spur size and shoulder function, but the size of the subacromial and subdeltoid bursae was positively correlated with the subacromial spur's size (subacromial bursa: coronal plane: r = 0.327; p = 0.006; sagittal view: r = 0.305; p = 0.011; subdeltoid bursa coronal view: r = 0.333 p = 0.005). The width of the subdeltoid bursa in coronal plane was positively correlated with shoulder pain (r = 0.248; p = 0.004) and negatively with the range of abduction (r = -0.270; p = 0.025), as well as the mean (r = -0.332; p = 0.005) and maximum (r = -0.334; p = 0.005) abduction force. CONCLUSIONS Shoulder function and pain in subacromial impingement are best predicted by the width of the subdeltoid bursa measured in the coronal MRI plane as an indicator of bursitis as well as the presence of a "halo-sign" around the biceps tendon indicating glenohumeral joint effusion. Presence of a subacromial spur could lead to subacromial and subdeltoid bursitis, which impairs shoulder function. Shoulder function seems not to be compromised by the presence of a subacromial spur in absence of bursitis. This study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register on 08 February 2013 (ID: DRKS00011548).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Jäschke
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Köhler
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, German Armed Forces Hospital of Westerstede, Lange Str. 38, 26655 Westerstede, Germany
| | - Marc-André Weber
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Tischer
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Hacke
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pediatrics I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller- Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Schulze
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany ,Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, German Armed Forces Hospital of Westerstede, Lange Str. 38, 26655 Westerstede, Germany
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Guan H, Wu Q, Zhou Y, Fan X, Zheng K, Si T, Zhao J. A retrospective study of ultrasound-guided intervention for frozen shoulder in the frozen stage. Front Surg 2022; 9:998590. [PMID: 36329976 PMCID: PMC9622776 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.998590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound (US)-guided intervention for frozen shoulder (FS) in the frozen stage. Methods This study included 40 patients who had primary FS in the frozen stage and were evaluated by US. These 40 patients have all received conservative treatment elsewhere, and no satisfactory results have been achieved, with no improvement in active and passive movement angles, and no improvement in scores within 3 months. Therefore, their previous treatment was set as comparison. All patients underwent US-guided shoulder joint capsule distension by injection of sterilized water. Of these participants, 22 patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis received a compound betamethasone injection, and 14 patients with thickened coracohumeral ligaments (CHLs) underwent acupotomy lysis, and the remaining 4 patients had no extra treatments. The Constant-Murley score (CMS) was evaluated before and after the operation and analysed for each patient. Results Before treatment, the indices for the thickening of the subaxillary joint capsule, subacromial bursa (with or without effusion), long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBBT) and CHL were 40, 22, 16 and 14, respectively. After treatment, all the indices were significantly decreased (all P < 0.010) except for that of the LHBBT (P = 0.123). The patients' CMSs improved, with the median total CMS increasing from 59 points (interquartile range: 53–64 points) to 86 points (interquartile range: 78–90 points) (P < 0.010). While the internal rotation (Ir) of the shoulder joint did not improve (FDRs < 0.50), abduction, forward flexion (Ff) and external rotation (Er) improved significantly (all FDRs = 1.00). Conclusion Compared with conservative treatment, US-guided intervention for FS in the frozen stage is highly effective and of great clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Guan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suzhou Science / Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China,Department of Ultrasonography, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Qinfeng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Suzhou Science / Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suzhou Science / Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suzhou Science / Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Si
- Department of Ultrasonography, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jinli Zhao
- Department of Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China,Correspondence: Jinli Zhao
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Sequential Ultrasound Assessment of Peri-Articular Soft Tissue in Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: Correlations with Clinical Impairments—Sequential Ultrasound in Adhesive Capsulitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092231. [PMID: 36140631 PMCID: PMC9497809 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, ultrasound measurements of the shoulder such as thickening of the rotator interval (RI) and the axillary recess (AR) are suggested as specific indicators of adhesive capsulitis. Herein, we evaluated the sequential changes in ultrasound parameters and clinical impairments and the correlation between the two in the case of adhesive capsulitis through a prospective observational study of 56 patients with adhesive capsulitis. Clinical assessments and ultrasound parameters, including the thicknesses of the RI and AR, were surveyed at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. In 56 patients with adhesive capsulitis, the thickness of the AR significantly decreased at each follow-up evaluation, but the thickness of the RI showed a significant decrease only between the baseline and 1-month evaluation. In repeated analyses of correlation, the thickness of the AR was strongly correlated with all clinical impairments except the pain at rest and range of internal rotation in the affected shoulder. The thickness of AR was correlated with clinical impairments in patients with adhesive capsulitis during the 6 months follow up and could be useful as a surrogate marker in patients with adhesive capsulitis.
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Kim DM, Seo JS, Jeon IH, Cho C, Koh KH. Detection of Rotator Cuff Tears by Ultrasound: How Many Scans Do Novices Need to Be Competent? Clin Orthop Surg 2021; 13:513-519. [PMID: 34868501 PMCID: PMC8609212 DOI: 10.4055/cios20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound is commonly used for evaluating rotator cuff tears. However, little training in ultrasound imaging is provided during orthopedic residents’ training period. Therefore, we performed this study to determine how many ultrasound scans are required for orthopedic residents to be competent and self-confident in the diagnosis of supraspinatus tendon tears and to investigate whether senior residents outperformed junior residents. Methods We studied two third-year residents who had no previous experience of shoulder ultrasound and evaluated their ability to detect rotator cuff pathologies. Their learning curves were plotted using a cumulative summation analysis with a 20% acceptable failure rate compared to arthroscopic findings. Downward, upward, and horizontal cumulative summation trends indicated incompetence, exceptional competence, and competence, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of third-year residents was compared with that of second-year residents and the number of cases required to gain self-confidence was evaluated. Results Cumulative summation analysis showed that after 26–28 scans, residents achieved the competence to correctly diagnose supraspinatus tears: an upward trend was observed from the beginning for full-thickness tears and a downward trend was observed for partial-thickness tears. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.95 and 0.79, respectively, for third-year residents and 0.91 and 0.58, respectively, for second-year residents. Residents reported self-confidence after 30 ultrasound scans for the detection of rotator cuff tears. Conclusions The number of scans that novices needed to be competent for detecting rotator cuff tears was approximately 30 cases, and the diagnostic accuracy of third-year residents was significantly higher than that of second-year residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Seo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Ho Jeon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changho Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwan Koh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Do JG, Hwang JT, Yoon KJ, Lee YT. Correlation of Ultrasound Findings With Clinical Stages and Impairment in Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211003675. [PMID: 33997079 PMCID: PMC8113659 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ultrasound is an essential tool for diagnosing shoulder disorders. However, the role of ultrasound in assessing and diagnosing adhesive capsulitis has not been fully studied. Purpose: To evaluate the ultrasound features of adhesive capsulitis and estimate the correlations between clinical impairment and ultrasound parameters. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 61 patients with clinically diagnosed unilateral adhesive capsulitis were retrospectively reviewed using high-resolution ultrasound. To compare ultrasound parameters, we performed ultrasound examinations on both affected and unaffected shoulders. Ultrasound parameters, including thickness of the coracohumeral ligament (CHL), rotator interval (RI), axillary recess (AR), hypervascularity of the RI, and effusion of the long head of the biceps tendon sheath, were measured. Passive range of motion (PROM), visual analog scale for pain, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index were used for clinical assessment. Results: The CHL, the RI, and the AR in affected shoulders were significantly thicker than in unaffected shoulders (P < .05). CHL thickness in affected shoulders was significantly correlated with PROM limitation, which included forward elevation, abduction, external rotation (ER), and internal rotation (IR) (P < .05). AR thickness correlated with passive forward elevation limitation and passive IR limitation (P < .05). The CHL was significantly thicker in stage 2 compared with stage 1, and the RI was thicker in stage 2 compared with stage 3. The diagnostic cutoff values for adhesive capsulitis were 2.2 mm for CHL thickness (77% sensitivity, 91.8% specificity) and 4 mm for AR thickness (68.9% sensitivity, 90.2% specificity). Conclusion: The ultrasound parameters associated with structural changes were correlated with clinical characteristics of adhesive capsulitis. Thickened CHL, RI, and AR were observed in affected shoulders. The cutoff values of 2.2 mm for CHL thickness and 4 mm for AR thickness can be used as cutoff diagnostic values for adhesive capsulitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Geol Do
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hwang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Yoon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Taek Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dixit A, Dandu N, Hadley CJ, Nazarian LN, Cohen SB, Ciccotti MG. Ultrasonographic Technique, Appearance, and Diagnostic Accuracy for Common Shoulder Sports Injuries: A Narrative Review. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202104000-00011. [PMID: 33886525 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Ultrasonography (US) is valued for its availability, tolerability, low cost, and utility in real-time dynamic evaluation. Its use in diagnosing upper-extremity shoulder injury has expanded, but several features require definition before more widespread adoption can be realized. » In particular, the evaluation of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) with US has been extensively studied, and authors generally agree that US is comparable with magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of full-thickness RCTs, whereas partial-thickness RCTs are more difficult to accurately identify with US. Dynamic evaluation is particularly useful for pathologies such as subacromial impingement and glenohumeral instability. » US has shown particular usefulness for the assessment of athletes, where there is additional motivation to delay more invasive techniques. US has demonstrated promising results as a diagnostic modality for common shoulder injuries in athletes, and it is an important imaging tool that complements a thorough history and physical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Dixit
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Navya Dandu
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher J Hadley
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Levon N Nazarian
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital at Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven B Cohen
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael G Ciccotti
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kuo YC, Hsieh LF. Validity of Cyriax’s Functional Examination for Diagnosing Shoulder Pain: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019; 42:407-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cho JH, Jung SH, Yang SM, Park H. Atypical calcific tendinitis involving the long biceps tendon: A rare cause of hemiplegic shoulder pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 32:355-359. [PMID: 30507560 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-171037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Calcific tendinitis is commonly found in the rotator cuff; however, it is very rare in the long biceps tendon (LBT). Furthermore, calcific tendinitis involving the LBT in the hemiplegic shoulder after a stroke has not been previously reported. MATERIALS AND METHOD We present a case of a 63-year-old man who suffers from a stroke and atypical calcific tendinitis involving the LBT as a rare cause of hemiplegic shoulder pain. The patient had experienced intractable pain in the right hemiplegic shoulder for more than 6 months with a waxing and waning course. Marked tenderness to palpation was present at the biceps tendon adjacent to the bicipital groove. Ultrasound (US) and computed tomography revealed a long, blade-shaped, circumscribed, cloudy and irregular dense calcific deposit in the LBT site, distal to the bicipital groove. The patient underwent US-guided corticosteroid injection at the posterior intra-articular joint. The symptoms failed to resolve; we injected an additional corticosteroid into the biceps tendon sheath adjacent to the calcific deposit. This procedure provided satisfactory relief, and follow-up US revealed mild diminution of the calcification through absorption. CONCLUSION This is the first report on atypical calcific tendinitis involving the LBT causing hemiplegic shoulder pain after a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyuk Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Jung
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shi Mo Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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