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Singh A, Ram S, Chandra R, Tanti A, Singh S, Kundu A. A district-level geospatial analysis of anaemia prevalence among rural men in India, 2019-21. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:9. [PMID: 38243230 PMCID: PMC10799465 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its considerable impact on health and productivity, anemia among men has received limited attention. In a country as diverse as India, characterized by extensive geographic variations, there is a pressing need to investigate the nuanced spatial patterns of anemia prevalence among men. The identification of specific hotspots holds critical implications for policymaking, especially in rural areas, where a substantial portion of India's population resides. METHODS The study conducted an analysis on a sample of 61,481 rural men from 707 districts of India, utilizing data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21). Various analytical techniques, including Moran's I, univariate LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association), bivariate LISA, and spatial regression models such as SLM (Spatial Lag Model), and SEM (Spatial Error Model) were employed to examine the geographic patterns and spatial correlates of anaemia prevalence in the study population. RESULTS In rural India, three out of every ten men were found to be anemic. The univariate Moran's I value for anaemia was 0.66, indicating a substantial degree of spatial autocorrelation in anaemia prevalence across the districts in India. Cluster and outlier analysis identified five prominent 'hotspots' of anaemia prevalence across 97 districts, primarily concentrated in the eastern region (encompassing West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Odisha), the Dandakaranya region, the Madhya Pradesh-Maharashtra border, lower Assam, and select districts in Jammu and Kashmir. The results of SLM revealed significant positive association between anaemia prevalence at the district-level and several key factors including a higher proportion of Scheduled Tribes, men in the 49-54 years age group, men with limited or no formal education, individuals of the Muslim faith, economically disadvantaged men, and those who reported alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Substantial spatial heterogeneity in anaemia prevalence among men in rural India suggests the need for region-specific targeted interventions to reduce the burden of anaemia among men in rural India and enhance the overall health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Singh
- Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
- Girl Innovation, Research, and Learning (GIRL) Centre, Population Council, New York, USA.
| | - Sumit Ram
- Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Rakesh Chandra
- School of Health System Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Arabindo Tanti
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | | | - Ananya Kundu
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Calumba KFA, Castro MMC, Delima AGD, Loquias MP, Bayogan ERV, Alviola PA. Association between nutrient intake from vegetables and BMI category of in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas in Davao City, Philippines. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100116. [PMID: 38515469 PMCID: PMC10953906 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of vegetables may contribute to alleviating the double burden of malnutrition, which is widespread among adolescents. However, the link between specific nutrient intakes from vegetables and the body mass index (BMI) of in-school adolescents is not widely studied. This study determined the association between the nutrient intakes from the vegetables consumed and the BMI category of in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas in Davao City, Philippines. Self-reported vegetable consumption was collected from the respondents, and the corresponding nutrient intakes were calculated using the USDA food composition tables. The BMI of the participating adolescents was also measured. The results show that being underweight or overweight is generally associated with lower macronutrient and micronutrient intakes from the vegetables consumed, namely, bell pepper, bitter gourd, cabbage, carrot, chayote, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, eggplant, Malabar spinach, moringa, mung bean, okra, potato, sponge gourd, squash, string beans, sweet potato, sweet potato tops, taro, tomato, water spinach (P < 0.05). The nutrient intakes from vegetables consumed by adolescents from urban households were generally higher. The findings highlight the contribution of vegetables to the nutrient intakes in the adolescent population. This study reinforces the need for targeted dietary guidelines and further promotion of vegetables, especially indigenous ones, to improve the nutritional status of adolescents in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriza Faye A. Calumba
- Department of Food Science and Chemistry, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
| | | | - Aileen Grace D. Delima
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Melissa P. Loquias
- School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Emma Ruth V. Bayogan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Pedro A. Alviola
- School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
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Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124558. [PMID: 34960108 PMCID: PMC8706560 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the association between nutrient patterns with body fat and regional adiposity in middle-aged black South African (SA) men and women and determined if this differed by sex. Body fat and regional adiposity (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and dietary intake (7-day quantified food frequency questionnaire) were measured in black SA men (n = 414) and women (n = 346). Using principal component analysis, nutrient patterns were computed from 25 nutrients in the combined sample. Four nutrient patterns were extracted, explaining 67% of the variance in nutrient intake. Animal and fat, as well as the vitamin C, sugar, and potassium driven patterns, were positively associated with total adiposity. In contrast, the retinol and vitamin B12 pattern was associated with the centralisation of fat. Notably, the strength of the association between the animal-driven nutrient pattern and BMI was greater in men (1.14 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.63–1.66)) than in women (0.81 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.25–1.36)) (Pint = 0.017). In contrast, the plant-driven pattern was associated with higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women (44 cm2, 95% CI (22–67)) but not men (Pint = 1.54 × 10−4). These differences suggest that although men and women have similar nutrient patterns, their associations with the whole body and regional body fat are different.
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Ma Z, He J, Sun S, Lu T. Patterns and stability of food preferences among a national representative sample of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults in China: A latent transition analysis. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Afaghi H, Sharifi F, Moodi M, AnaniSarab G, Kazemi T, Miri-Moghaddam E, Tahergorabi Z. Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among the elderly population in South Khorasan, Birjand, 2019. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:86. [PMID: 34291010 PMCID: PMC8285552 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anemia is a multifactorial and common public health problem in geriatric age groups, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study was designed to study the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among the elderly population in Birjand, Iran, in 2019. Methods: This was a cross-sectional approach to the baseline data of the Birjand longitudinal aging study (BLAS) in which 1396 people aged ≥ 60 years were screened for the presence of anemia based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. For each participant, a standard questionnaire was administered. Furthermore, the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Blood samples were obtained from each participant for hematological examination. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and other indices of cell blood count were measured using an automatic cell counter. The prevalence rates were estimated using survey analysis with the weight of Birjand county older population. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to detect the associated factor with anemia. Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.73±7.66 years. The crude prevalence of anemia was 11.10%, and the age-standardized prevalence based on the standard WHO population 2000-2025 was equal to 16.78% (12.81%-21.66%) (15.95% [10.41%-23.69%] in women and 17.32% (12.65%-23.25%) in men. Mild and normocytic anemia were the predominant types. The mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were lower in women than in men and the mean platelet count in women was higher (p<0.001). In the final multivariate logistic regression model, only age groups, BMI, fish consumption, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were related to anemia. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings showed the association of anemia with some risk factors and diseases. Anemia in geriatric age groups is often underdiagnosed; hence, identification of subgroups at risk for anemia and its associated risk factors in geriatric groups has a paramount importance in preventing adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Afaghi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gholamreza AnaniSarab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on nutrition data. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e46. [PMID: 34221364 PMCID: PMC8223171 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous predictive models for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exist, but a minority of them has implemented nutrition data so far, even though the significant effect of nutrition on the pathogenesis, prevention and management of T2DM has been established. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to build a predictive model for the risk of T2DM that incorporates nutrition data and calculates its predictive performance. We analysed cross-sectional data from 1591 individuals from the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 study (2013–14) and used a bootstrap enhanced elastic net penalised multivariate regression method in order to build our predictive model and select among 193 food intake variables. After selecting the significant predictor variables, we built a logistic regression model with these variables as predictors and T2DM status as the outcome. The values of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of our predictive model were calculated. Eleven out of the 193 food intake variables were selected for inclusion in our model, which yielded a value of area under the ROC curve of 0⋅79 and a maximum PPV, NPV and accuracy of 0⋅37, 0⋅98 and 0⋅91, respectively. The present results suggest that nutrition data should be implemented in predictive models to predict the risk of T2DM, since they improve their performance and they are easy to assess.
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Cardiovascular health and cognitive functioning among centenarians: a comparison between the Tokyo and Georgia centenarian studies. Int Psychogeriatr 2019; 31:455-465. [PMID: 30786950 PMCID: PMC6483832 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218001813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTObjectives:Centenarians have survived into very late life, but whether they reach very old age in good health remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiovascular health status and cognitive functioning of centenarians in the United States with centenarians in Japan. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-national design compared centenarians from the United States and Japan. The sample of U.S. centenarians was recruited from the Georgia Centenarian Study and included 287 centenarians. The sample of Japanese centenarians was recruited from the Tokyo Centenarian Study and included 304 centenarians. MEASUREMENTS Cognitive functioning was assessed with a mental status questionnaire, and cardiovascular disease by a health history assessment, blood pressure, and selected blood parameters. RESULTS The results suggest that Tokyo centenarians had lower disease experiences and BMI values, when compared to Georgia centenarians, but blood pressure was higher among Japanese centenarians. Lower levels of hemoglobin in Japanese centenarians and higher levels of C-reactive protein in Georgia were also found. The positive association of hypertension and albumin levels with cognitive functioning and the negative association of stroke occurrence with cognitive functioning were replicated in both countries. Differential effects were obtained for heart problems, BMI, and C-reactive protein (with positive effects for Tokyo centenarians, except for C-reactive protein). CONCLUSION For extremely old individuals, some markers of cardiovascular disease are replicable across countries, whereas differential effects for cardiovascular health also need to be considered in cardiovascular health.
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Pedersen AB, Cronin Fenton D, Nørgaard M, Kristensen NR, Kuno Møller B, Erikstrup C. Body mass index, risk of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion, and mortality in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2765-2775. [PMID: 27099965 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite improvements in preoperative and postoperative treatment, hip fracture surgery may lead to blood transfusion. Little is known about the impact of body mass index on transfusion risk and subsequent mortality. Opposite overweight and obese patients, underweight patients had increased risk of transfusion and death within 1 year of surgery. INTRODUCTION Despite improvements in preoperative and postoperative treatment of hip fracture patients, hip fracture surgery may lead to blood loss. We examined the risk of red blood cell transfusion (as an indirect measure of blood loss) and subsequent mortality by body mass index level in patients aged 65 and over undergoing hip fracture surgery. METHODS This is a population-based cohort study using medical databases. We included all patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture during 2005-2013. We calculated the cumulative risk of red blood cell transfusion within 7 days of surgery treating death as a competing risk and, among transfused patients, short- (8-30 days postsurgery) and long-term mortality (31-365 days postsurgery). RESULTS Among 56,420 patients, 47.7 % received at least one red blood cell transfusion within 7 days of surgery. In patients with normal weight, the risk was 48.8 % compared with 57.0 % in underweight patients (adjusted RR = 1.11; CI 1.08-1.15), 42.1 % in overweight patients (adjusted RR = 0.89; CI 0.86-0.91), and 42.2 % in obese patients (adjusted RR = 0.87; CI 0.84-0.91). Among transfused patients, adjusted HRs for short-term mortality were 1.52 (CI 1.34-1.71), 0.70 (CI 0.61-0.80), and 0.58 (CI 0.43-0.77) for underweight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively, compared with normal-weight patients. The corresponding adjusted HRs for long-term mortality were 1.45 (CI 1.33-1.57), 0.80 (CI 0.74-0.86), and 0.58 (CI 0.50-0.69). Similar association between BMI and mortality was observed also among non-transfused patients. CONCLUSIONS Underweight patients had a higher risk of red blood cell transfusion and death in the first year of surgery than normal-weight patients, even when controlling for age and comorbidity. Opposite findings were seen for overweight and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - D Cronin Fenton
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - M Nørgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - N R Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - B Kuno Møller
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - C Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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