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Cighir A, Mare AD, Vultur F, Cighir T, Pop SD, Horvath K, Man A. Fusarium spp. in Human Disease: Exploring the Boundaries between Commensalism and Pathogenesis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1440. [PMID: 37511815 PMCID: PMC10381950 DOI: 10.3390/life13071440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is a large fungal genus that is widely distributed in the environment, mostly known for its plant pathogenicity. Rarely, it is involved in human pathology, where the type of infection caused is highly dependent upon the portal of entry and the immune status of the host. The study at hand aims to summarize routine methods used in diagnosing such infections as well as more advanced molecular diagnostic methods, techniques that can play a huge role in differentiating between colonization and infection when trying to decide the therapeutic outcome. Consequently, to further support our findings, two different strains (one isolated from corneal scrapings and one isolated from purulent discharge) were analyzed in a clinical context and thoroughly tested using classical and modern diagnostic methods: identification by macroscopical and microscopical examinations of the culture and mass spectrometry, completed by molecular methods such as PCR for trichothecene and ERIC-PCR for genetic fingerprinting. Isolation of a clinically relevant Fusarium spp. from a sample still remains a diagnostic challenge for both the clinician and the microbiologist, because differentiating between colonization and infection is very strenuous, but can make a difference in the treatment that is administered to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Cighir
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Mureș Clinical County Hospital, 1 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540103 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca Delia Mare
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Mureș Clinical County Hospital, 1 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540103 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Florina Vultur
- Department of Ophthalmology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Mureș Clinical County Hospital, 1 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540103 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Teodora Cighir
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Mureș Clinical County Hospital, 1 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540103 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Suzana Doina Pop
- Department of Ophthalmology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Mureș Clinical County Hospital, 1 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540103 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Karin Horvath
- Department of Ophthalmology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Mureș Clinical County Hospital, 1 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540103 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Man
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Mureș Clinical County Hospital, 1 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540103 Târgu Mures, Romania
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Ma X, Li G, Jiang Y, He M, Wang C, Gu Y, Ling S, Cao S, Wen Y, Zhao Q, Wu R, Zuo Z, Zhong Z, Peng G. Skin Mycobiota of the Captive Giant Panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the Distribution of Opportunistic Dermatomycosis-Associated Fungi in Different Seasons. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:708077. [PMID: 34805328 PMCID: PMC8599956 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomycosis is the second major cause of morbidity in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), and seriously endangers its health. Previous observations indicated that the occurrence of dermatomycosis in the giant panda varies in different seasons. The skin microbiota is a complex ecosystem, but knowledge on the community structure and the pathogenic potentials of fungi on the skin of the giant panda remains limited. In this study, samples from the giant panda skin in different seasons were collected, and the mycobiota were profiled by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. In total, 375 genera in 38 phyla were detected, with Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Streptophyta, and Chlorophyta as the predominant phyla and Trichosporon, Guehomyces, Davidiella, Chlorella, Asterotremella, and Klebsormidium as the predominant genera. The skin mycobiota of the giant panda changed in the seasons, and the diversity and abundance of the skin fungi were significantly higher in spring, autumn, and summer than in the winter. Several dermatomycosis-associated fungi were detected as opportunists in the skin mycobiota of healthy giant pandas. Clinical dermatomycosis in the giant panda is observed more in summer and autumn. In this study, the results indicated that the high diversity and abundance of the skin fungi may have enhanced the occurrence of dermatomycosis in autumn and summer, and that dermatomycosis-associated fungi are the normal components of the skin mycobiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaozhang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Bioengineering Department, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Meng Y, Hao J, Mayfield D, Luo L, Munkvold GP, Li J. Roles of Genotype-Determined Mycotoxins in Maize Seedling Blight Caused by Fusarium graminearum. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1103-1112. [PMID: 30682974 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-17-0119-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is an important causal agent of maize seedling blight. The species includes several chemotypes that produce various forms of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). To understand the effects and roles of F. graminearum mycotoxins on maize seedling blight occurring at Zhang Ye of Gansu, China, 23 isolates of F. graminearum were collected and characterized. A PCR assay showed all 23 isolates belonged to the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) genotype. This was also confirmed by production of both DON and 15-ADON in either rice culture medium or maize seedling roots, detected by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In maize seedling roots, 15-ADON dominated at 6 days post inoculation (dpi) and DON was the main mycotoxin at 12 dpi. The biomass of F. graminearum doubled from 6 to 12 dpi, and was positively correlated with virulence of the isolates. Both mycotoxins affected maize root vitality, but 15-ADON had a greater effect than DON. ALDH9 and MDH, two dehydrogenase synthesis genes in maize, showed a lower relative expression in 15-ADON treatments than in DON treatments. It indicated that both mycotoxins affected seed germination and root development, with 15-ADON being more destructive. Under scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, root hair formation and development were delayed by DON, but completely inhibited by 15-ADON. 15-ADON caused cell shrinkage, loose cellular structure, and widened intercellular spaces; it also destroyed organelles and caused plasmolysis, and eventually ruptured cell membranes causing cell death. DON did not affect cell morphology and arrangement, but altered the morphology of organelles, forming concentric membranous bodies and a large amount of irregular lipid droplets. Thus, both mycotoxins contributed to symptom expression of maize seedling blight, but 15-ADON was more destructive than DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011; and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hexi University, Zhangye, 734000, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, The University of Maine, Orono, 04469
| | - Derrick Mayfield
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - Laixin Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Gary P Munkvold
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Kumar P, Misra AK. Current Scenario of Mango Malformation and Its Management Strategies: An Overview. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Arif M, Zaidi NW, Haq QMR, Singh YP, Taj G, Kar CS, Singh US. Morphological and comparative genomic analyses of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Fusarium solani isolated from Dalbergia sissoo. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:1107-22. [PMID: 25605046 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sissoo or shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) is one of the finest wood of South Asia. Fusarium solani is a causal organism of sissoo wilt, decline, or dieback. It is also a potential causal organism associated with other valuable tree species. Thirty-eight Fusarium isolates including 24 F. solani and 14 Fusarium sp., were obtained in 2005 from different geographical locations in India. All 38 (18 pathogenic and 20 non-pathogenic) isolates were characterized for genomic analysis, growth behaviour, pigmentation and sensitivity to carbendazim. Based on growth pattern, growth rate, pigmentation and sensitivity to carbendazim, all 38 isolates showed a wide range of variability, but no correlation with pathogenicity or geographical distribution. Three techniques were used for comparative genomic analysis: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR); and simple sequence repeats (SSR). A total of 90 primers targeting different genome regions resulted a total of 1159 loci with an average of 12.88 loci per primer. These primers showed high genomic variability among the isolates. The maximum loci (14.64) per primer were obtained with RAPD. The total variation of the first five principal components for RAPD, ISSR, SSR and combined analysis were estimated as 47.42, 48.21, 46.30 and 46.78 %, respectively. Among the molecular markers, highest Pearson correlation value (r = 0.957) was recorded with combination of RAPD and SSR followed by RAPD and ISSR (r = 0.952), and SSR and ISSR (r = 0.942). The combination of these markers would be similarly effective as single marker system i.e. RAPD, ISSR and SSR. Based on polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.619) and highest coefficient (r = 0.995), RAPD was found to be the most efficient marker system compared to ISSR and SSR. This study will assist in understanding the population biology of wilt causing phytopathogen, F. solani, and in assisting with integrated disease management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arif
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Plant Pathology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India,
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Ansari MW, Shukla A, Pant RC, Tuteja N. First evidence of ethylene production by Fusarium mangiferae associated with mango malformation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e22673. [PMID: 23221756 PMCID: PMC3745570 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Malformation is arguably the most crucial disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) at present. It is receiving great attention not only because of its widespread and destructive nature but also because of its etiology and control is not absolutely understood. Recently, Fusarium mangiferae is found to be associated with mango malformation disease. There are indications that stress ethylene production could be involved in the disease. Here we have shown the first direct evidence of production of ethylene in pure culture of F. mangiferae obtained from mango. The study also revealed that all the isolates dissected from mango acquire morphological features of F. mangiferae showing most similarity to the features of species with accepted standard features. The isolates of F. mangiferae from mango were observed to produce ethylene in significant amounts, ranging from 9.28-13.66 n mol/g dry wt/day. The findings presented here suggest that F. mangiferae could contribute to the malformation of mango by producing ethylene and probably stimulating stress ethylene production in malformed tissue of mango. Ethylene might be produced through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase-type ethylene-forming-enzyme (EFE) pathway in Fusarium sp, which needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Wahid Ansari
- Department of Plant Physiology; College of Basic Sciences and Humanities; G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology; Uttarakhand, India
- Plant Molecular Biology Group; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Shukla
- Department of Plant Physiology; College of Basic Sciences and Humanities; G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology; Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Pant
- Department of Plant Physiology; College of Basic Sciences and Humanities; G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology; Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; New Delhi, India
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