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Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. A novel treatment strategy for glioblastoma multiforme and glioma associated seizures: increasing glutamate uptake with PPARγ agonists. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:21-8. [PMID: 25439749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The established role of glutamate in the pathogenesis of glioma-associated seizures (GAS) led us to investigate a novel treatment method using an established drug class, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists. Previously, sulfasalazine has been shown to prevent release of glutamate from glioma cells and prevent GAS in rodent models. However, raising protein mediated glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) has not been investigated previously to our knowledge. PPAR gamma agonists are known to upregulate functional EAAT2 expression in astrocytes and prevent excitotoxicity caused by glutamate excess. These agents are also known to have anti-neoplastic mechanisms. Herein we discuss and review the potential mechanisms of these drugs and highlight a novel potential treatment for GAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Ching
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Haynes HR, Camelo-Piragua S, Kurian KM. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in adult and pediatric gliomas: toward personalized treatment. Front Oncol 2014; 4:47. [PMID: 24716189 PMCID: PMC3970023 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that both adult and pediatric glial tumor entities represent collections of neoplastic lesions, each with individual pathological molecular events and treatment responses. In this review, we discuss the current prognostic biomarkers validated for clinical use or with future clinical validity for gliomas. Accurate prognostication is crucial for managing patients as treatments may be associated with high morbidity and the benefits of high risk interventions must be judged by the treating clinicians. We also review biomarkers with predictive validity, which may become clinically relevant with the development of targeted therapies for adult and pediatric gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Haynes
- Department of Neuropathology, Frenchay Hospital , Bristol , UK
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