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Wang Y, Li X, Zhou X, Wang T, Liu Y, Feng J, Qin X, Zhang Z, Li Y, He X. Regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of aging periodontal ligament cells by autophagy-related gene 7. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6361-6372. [PMID: 37318663 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) can be applied in periodontal regeneration engineering to repair the tissue defects related to periodontitis. Theoretically, it can affect the vitality of hPDLCs that cell aging increases apoptosis and decreases autophagy. Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism, which degrades the aging and damaged intracellular organelles through autophagy lysosomes to maintain normal intracellular homeostasis. Meanwhile, autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) is a key gene that regulates the level of cellular autophagy. OBJECTIVE This study was to explore the effects of autophagic regulation of aging hPDLCs on cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. METHODS A cell model of aging hPDLCs overexpressing and silencing ATG7 were respectively constructed by lentiviral vectors in vitro. A series of experiments was performed to confirm relevant senescence phenotype on aging hPDLCs, and to detect the effects of changes in autophagy on their proliferation and apoptosis-related factors in aging hPDLCs. RESULTS The results showed that overexpression of ATG7 could motivate autophagy, promoting proliferation of aging hPDLCs and inhibiting apoptosis synchronously (P < 0.05). On the contrary, suppressing autophagy levels by silencing ATG7 would inhibit cell proliferation and accelerate cell senescence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ATG7 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of aging hPDLCs. Hence, autophagy may act as a target to delay senescence of hPDLCs, which can be helpful in the future in-depth study on regeneration and functionalization of periodontal supporting tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Wang
- School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang Xi Lu, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang Xi Lu, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiongtao Zhou
- School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang Xi Lu, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang Xi Lu, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang Xi Lu, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jianbao Feng
- School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang Xi Lu, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, R.P. China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, R.P. China.
| | - Xiangyi He
- School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang Xi Lu, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Genomic and Molecular Diagnosis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, P. R. China.
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Salas-Venegas V, Santín-Márquez R, Ramírez-Carreto RJ, Rodríguez-Cortés YM, Cano-Martínez A, Luna-López A, Chavarría A, Konigsberg M, López-Díazguerrero NE. Chronic consumption of a hypercaloric diet increases neuroinflammation and brain senescence, promoting cognitive decline in middle-aged female Wistar rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1162747. [PMID: 37139092 PMCID: PMC10149996 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1162747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Being overweight and obesity are world health problems, with a higher prevalence in women, defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that increases the risk of chronic diseases. Excess energy leads to adipose expansion, generating hypertrophic adipocytes that produce various pro-inflammatory molecules. These molecules cause chronic low-intensity inflammation, affecting the organism's functioning and the central nervous system (CNS), inducing neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammatory response during obesity occurs in different structures of the CNS involved in memory and learning, such as the cortex and the hippocampus. Here we analyzed how obesity-related peripheral inflammation can affect CNS physiology, generating neuroinflammation and promoting cellular senescence establishment. Since some studies have shown an increase in senescent cells during aging, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, we proposed that cellular senescence participation may contribute to the cognitive decline in an obesity model of middle-aged female Wistar rats. The inflammatory state of 6 and 13 months-old female Wistar rats fed with a hypercaloric diet was measured in serum and CNS (cortex and hippocampus). Memory was evaluated using the novel object recognition (NOR) test; the presence of senescent markers was also determined. Our data suggest that the systemic inflammation generated by obesity induces a neuroinflammatory state in regions involved in learning and memory, with an increase in senescent markers, thus proposing senescence as a potential participant in the negative consequences of obesity in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Salas-Venegas
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Santín-Márquez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Jair Ramírez-Carreto
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yesica María Rodríguez-Cortés
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mina Konigsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero,
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Borkowska A, Olszewska A, Skarzynska W, Marciniak M, Skrzeszewski M, Kieda C, Was H. High Hemin Concentration Induces Escape from Senescence of Normoxic and Hypoxic Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194793. [PMID: 36230727 PMCID: PMC9564005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High red-meat consumption as well as bleeding or bruising can promote oxidative stress and, in consequence, cancer development. However, the mechanism of that phenomenon is not understood. The induction of therapy-induced senescence (TIS) might also be induced by oxidative stress. Recently, TIS cells, despite their inhibited proliferation potential, have been identified as one of the sources of tumor re-growth. Here, with the use of molecular analyses, we found that oxidative stress, promoted by high doses of hemin or H2O2, can trigger TIS escape and cell re-population. It is closely related to the activity of antioxidative enzymes, especially heme oxygenase-1. Hypoxia might accelerate these effects. Therefore, we propose that the prevention of excessive oxidative stress could be a potential target in senolytic therapies. Abstract Hemoglobin from either red meat or bowel bleeding may promote oxidative stress and increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, solid cancers or their metastases may be present with localized bruising. Escape from therapy-induced senescence (TIS) might be one of the mechanisms of tumor re-growth. Therefore, we sought to study whether hemin can cause escape from TIS in CRC. To induce senescence, human colon cancer cells were exposed to a chemotherapeutic agent irinotecan (IRINO). Cells treated with IRINO exhibited common hallmarks of TIS. To mimic bleeding, colon cancer cells were additionally treated with hemin. High hemin concentration activated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), induced escape from TIS and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and augmented progeny production. The effect was even stronger in hypoxic conditions. Similar results were obtained when TIS cells were treated with another prooxidant agent, H2O2. Silencing of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) maintained colon cancer cells in a senescent state. Our study demonstrates that a high hemin concentration combined with an increased activity of antioxidative enzymes, especially HO-1, leads to escape from the senescence of colon cancer cells. Therefore, our observations could be used in targeted anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Skarzynska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Marciniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Skrzeszewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Molecular Biophysics, UPR CNRS 4301, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Kim HN, Shin JY, Kim DY, Lee JE, Lee PH. Priming mesenchymal stem cells with uric acid enhances neuroprotective properties in parkinsonian models. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211004816. [PMID: 33854750 PMCID: PMC8013923 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211004816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potential source of cell-based disease-modifying therapy in Parkinsonian disorders. A promising approach to develop in vitro culture methods that mimic natural MSC niche is cell priming. Uric acid (UA), a powerful antioxidant, scavenges reactive oxygen species, which has a vital role in maintaining self-renewal and differentiation potential of MSCs. Here, we demonstrated that UA treatment in naïve MSCs stimulated glycolysis and upregulated transcriptional factors responsible for regulation of stemness, leading to increase in the expression levels of osteogenesis-, adipogenesis-, and chondrogenesis-related genes. UA-primed MSCs had more enhanced neuroprotective properties in cellular and parkinsonian animal models compared to naïve MSCs by inhibiting apoptotic signaling pathways. Additionally, expression of miR-137 and miR-145 was decreased in UA-treated MSCs. Our data demonstrated that priming MSCs with UA augment neuroprotective properties through enhanced self-renewal and differentiation potential, suggesting a practical strategy for improving the application of MSCs in parkinsonian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Na Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Pan J, Bao Q, Enders G. The Altered Metabolic Molecular Signatures Contribute to the RAD001 Resistance in Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor. Front Oncol 2020; 10:546. [PMID: 32373532 PMCID: PMC7186336 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the inhibition of mTOR is a promising treatment for neuroendocrine tumors, several questions are still open for cell specificity and resistance. With the newly characterized gastric neuroendocrine tumor mouse model (CEA424-SV40 T antigen transgenic mice), the anti-tumor efficiency of RAD001 (Everolimus) was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Tumor samples were analyzed for the expression of RNA by cDNA microarrays and also signaling pathways to get more details on the local surviving or selected cells. RAD001 treatment dramatically slowed down tumor growth and prolonged the animals' survival. This inhibitory effect has a preference for tumor cells since gastrointestinal hormone and neuroendocrine tumor specific markers were more reduced than the epithelial ones. While phosphorylation of p70S6K was almost completely blocked both in vitro and in vivo, the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 was only partially inhibited in vitro and unaffected in vivo. RAD001 treatment induced feedback activation of metabolism related pathways like PI(3)K–Akt–mTOR and MEK/ERK signalings. An induction of senescence as well as differential expression of genes responsible for metabolism was also observed, which highlighted the contribution of metabolic molecular signatures to the escape of the tumor cells from the treatment. Together, our data revealed efficient anti-tumor ability of RAD001 in a new gastric neuroendocrine tumor mouse model system and offered new insights into the clinical aspects of the incomplete elimination of tumor cells in patients treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Qi Bao
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Georg Enders
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Wang ST, Huang SW, Liu KT, Lee TY, Shieh JJ, Wu CY. Atorvastatin-induced senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma is mediated by downregulation of hTERT through the suppression of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:17. [PMID: 32257389 PMCID: PMC7105491 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a hepatic malignancy, has a poor prognosis and contributes to cancer-related death worldwide. Cellular senescence is an anticancer therapeutic strategy that causes irreversible cell cycle arrest and enables immune-mediated clearance of cancer cells. Atorvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis or autophagy in malignant tumors. However, whether atorvastatin can induce HCC cell senescence and the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The effects of atorvastatin-induced senescence were examined in both HCC cells and mouse xenograft models. The phenomenon and mechanism of senescence were examined by cell cycle analysis, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and western blotting in HCC cells, and HCC tissues from mice were analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. We demonstrated that atorvastatin induced cell growth inhibition and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, leading to senescence in HCC cells. Atorvastatin-induced senescence was independent of p53, p14, and p16, and atorvastatin not only decreased the secretion of IL-6, a major senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factor, and the phosphorylation of STAT3 but also inhibited the expression of hTERT, a catalytic subunit of telomerase. Supplementation with exogenous IL-6 reversed both atorvastatin-induced suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation and hTERT expression and atorvastatin-induced senescence. Overexpression of constitutively activated STAT3 rescued HCC cells from atorvastatin-induced hTERT suppression and senescence. Moreover, atorvastatin decreased tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Consistent with these results, atorvastatin decreased the IL-6, p-STAT3, and hTERT levels and increased β-gal expression in tumor sections. Taken together, these data indicate that atorvastatin can induce atypical cellular senescence in HCC cells to inhibit tumor growth, an effect mediated by downregulation of hTERT through suppression of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ting Wang
- Division of Translational Research and Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Huang
- Center for Cell Therapy and Translation Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ting Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Yu Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Division of Translational Research and Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Taiwan Microbiota Consortium, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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An HJ, Ryu M, Jeong HJ, Kang M, Jeon HM, Lee JO, Kim YS, Lee H. Higd-1a regulates the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells through a pERK/p27 KIP1/pRB pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:78-89. [PMID: 31310799 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Higd-1a/HIMP1-a/HIG1, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, promotes cell survival under low glucose and hypoxic conditions. We previously reported that it interacts with Opa1, a factor involved in mitochondrial fusion, to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis. In the present study, we found that depletion of Higd-1a inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in mice xenografts. Higd-1a knockdown did not itself lead to cell death but it caused cell cycle arrest through induction of p27KIP1 and hypo-phosphorylation of RB protein. Knockdown of Higd-1a also induced cellular senescence as shown by increased granularity and SA-β-galactosidase activity. We further showed that the mitochondrial stress induced by Higd-1a led to reduced ERK phosphorylation. Inhibition of the ERK pathway with U0126 induced p27KIP1 expression in the pancreatic cancer cells, confirming that the cell cycle retardation was the result of inhibition of the ERK pathway. Array analysis of human pancreatic cancers revealed that expression of Higd-1a was significantly elevated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to normal tissue. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Higd-1a plays an important role in the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the pERK/p27KIP1/pRB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung An
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BRL & BK21 Plus Team, Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihyeun Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Kyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Kang
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Kyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Oh Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Kyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hayyoung Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Ma Z, Zhang X, Xu L, Liu D, Di S, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang H, Li X, Han J, Yan X. Pterostilbene: Mechanisms of its action as oncostatic agent in cell models and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Studying Werner syndrome to elucidate mechanisms and therapeutics of human aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2019; 20:255-269. [PMID: 30666569 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural and unavoidable part of life. However, aging is also the primary driver of the dominant human diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Unraveling the sophisticated molecular mechanisms of the human aging process may provide novel strategies to extend 'healthy aging' and the cure of human aging-related diseases. Werner syndrome (WS), is a heritable human premature aging disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Werner (WRN) DNA helicase. As a classical premature aging disease, etiological exploration of WS can shed light on the mechanisms of normal human aging and facilitate the development of interventional strategies to improve healthspan. Here, we summarize the latest progress of the molecular understandings of WRN protein, highlight the advantages of using different WS model systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) systems. Further studies on WS will propel drug development for WS patients, and possibly also for normal age-related diseases.
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10
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Was H, Czarnecka J, Kominek A, Barszcz K, Bernas T, Piwocka K, Kaminska B. Some chemotherapeutics-treated colon cancer cells display a specific phenotype being a combination of stem-like and senescent cell features. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 19:63-75. [PMID: 29053388 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1385675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death among cancer patients in the Northern countries. CRC can reappear a long time after treatment. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that, in response to chemotherapy, cancer cells may undergo stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), which typically results in growth arrest. Nonetheless, these senescent cells were reported to divide in an atypical manner and thus contribute to cancer re-growth. Therefore, we examined if SIPS escape may follow treatment with chemotherapeutics used clinically: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA) and irinotecan (IRINO). To mimic the therapeutic regimes we exposed human colon cancer HCT116 and SW480 cells to repeated cycles of drug treatment. The cells treated with 5-FU or IRINO exhibited several hallmarks of SIPS: growth arrest, increased size and granularity, polyploidization, augmented activity of the SA-β-galactosidase, accumulation of P21 and CYCLIN D1 proteins, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Moreover, re-population of the cancer cell cultures was delayed upon treatment with the senescence-inducing agents. At the same time, we detected a subpopulation of senescent colon cancer cells with features of stemness: elevated NANOG expression, exclusion of Hoechst 33342 (typical for side population) and increased CD24 expression. Additionally, rare, polyploid cells exhibited blastocyst-like morphology and produced progeny. In parallel, majority of chemotherapeutics-treated cells underwent mesenchymal to epithelial transition, as the percentage of CD44-positve cells was reduced, and levels of E-cadherin (epithelial marker) were elevated. Our study demonstrates that a subpopulation of chemotherapeutics-treated colon cancer cells display a specific phenotype being a combination of stem-like and senescent cell features. This may contribute to their resistance to chemotherapy and their ability to re-grow cancer after completion of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Was
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland.,d Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , Military Institute of Medicine , Szaserów 128 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - J Czarnecka
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - A Kominek
- b Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - K Barszcz
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - T Bernas
- c Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - K Piwocka
- b Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - B Kaminska
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
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11
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Kundrotas G, Gasperskaja E, Slapsyte G, Gudleviciene Z, Krasko J, Stumbryte A, Liudkeviciene R. Identity, proliferation capacity, genomic stability and novel senescence markers of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from low volume of human bone marrow. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10788-802. [PMID: 26910916 PMCID: PMC4905439 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) hold promise for treating incurable diseases and repairing of damaged tissues. However, hBM-MSCs face the disadvantages of painful invasive isolation and limited cell numbers. In this study we assessed characteristics of MSCs isolated from residual human bone marrow transplantation material and expanded to clinically relevant numbers at passages 3-4 and 6-7. Results indicated that early passage hBM-MSCs are genomically stable and retain identity and high proliferation capacity. Despite the chromosomal stability, the cells became senescent at late passages, paralleling the slower proliferation, altered morphology and immunophenotype. By qRT-PCR array profiling, we revealed 13 genes and 33 miRNAs significantly differentially expressed in late passage cells, among which 8 genes and 30 miRNAs emerged as potential novel biomarkers of hBM-MSC aging. Functional analysis of genes with altered expression showed strong association with biological processes causing cellular senescence. Altogether, this study revives hBM as convenient source for cellular therapy. Potential novel markers provide new details for better understanding the hBM-MSC senescence mechanisms, contributing to basic science, facilitating the development of cellular therapy quality control, and providing new clues for human disease processes since senescence phenotype of the hematological patient hBM-MSCs only very recently has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielis Kundrotas
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Biobank, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Gasperskaja
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Grazina Slapsyte
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Jan Krasko
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Regiospecific Synthesis of Ring A Fused Withaferin A Isoxazoline Analogues: Induction of Premature Senescence by W-2b in Proliferating Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13749. [PMID: 29062040 PMCID: PMC5653814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of premature senescence represents a novel functional strategy to curb the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cancer cells. This study unveils the regiospecific synthesis of novel isoxazoline derivatives condensed to ring A of medicinal plant product Withaferin-A. Intriguingly, the cis fused products with β-oriented hydrogen exhibited excellent cytotoxic activities against proliferating human breast cancer MCF7 and colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. The most potent derivative W-2b triggered premature senescence along with increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and induction of senescence-specific marker p21Waf1/Cip1 at its sub-toxic concentration. W-2b conferred a robust increase in phosphorylation of mammalian checkpoint kinase-2 (Chk2) in cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing of endogenous Chk2 by siRNA divulged that the amplification of p21 expression and senescence by W-2b was Chk2-dependent. Chk2 activation (either by ectopic overexpression or through treatment with W-2b) suppressed NM23-H1 signaling axis involved in cancer cell proliferation. Finally, W-2b showed excellent in vivo efficacy with 83.8% inhibition of tumor growth at a dose of 25 mg/kg, b.w. in mouse mammary carcinoma model. Our study claims that W-2b could be a potential candidate to limit aberrant cellular proliferation rendering promising improvement in the treatment regime in cancer patients.
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13
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Chen RJ, Wu PH, Ho CT, Way TD, Pan MH, Chen HM, Ho YS, Wang YJ. P53-dependent downregulation of hTERT protein expression and telomerase activity induces senescence in lung cancer cells as a result of pterostilbene treatment. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2985. [PMID: 28796247 PMCID: PMC5596539 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, triggered by a variety of stresses, such as telomerase inhibition, and it is recognized as a tumor-suppressor mechanism. In recent years, telomerase has become an important therapeutic target in several cancers; inhibition of telomerase can induce senescence via the DNA damage response (DDR). Pterostilbene (PT), a dimethyl ether analog of resveratrol, possesses a variety of biological functions, including anticancer effects; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms of PT-induced senescence through telomerase inhibition in human non-small cell lung cancer cells and delineated the role of p53 in senescence. The results indicated that PT-induced senescence is characterized by a flattened morphology, positive staining for senescence-associated-β galactosidase activity, and the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. Telomerase activity and protein expression was significantly decreased in H460 (p53 wild type) cells compared with H1299 (p53 null) cells and p53 knockdown H460 cells (H460-p53-). A more detailed mechanistic study revealed that PT-induced senescence partially occurred via a p53-dependent mechanism, triggering inhibition of telomerase activity and protein expression, and leading to the DDR, S phase arrest and, finally, cellular senescence. This study is the first to explore the novel anticancer mechanism of PT senescence induction via the inhibition of telomerase in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains; Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Hsiu-Min Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Keta OD, Todorović DV, Bulat TM, Cirrone PGA, Romano F, Cuttone G, Petrović IM, Ristić Fira AM. Comparison of human lung cancer cell radiosensitivity after irradiations with therapeutic protons and carbon ions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1015-1024. [PMID: 27633574 PMCID: PMC5444635 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216669611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of irradiations with the therapeutic proton and carbon ion beams in two non-small cell lung cancers, CRL5876 adenocarcinoma and HTB177 large cell lung carcinoma. The DNA damage response dynamics, cell cycle regulation, and cell death pathway activation were followed. Viability of both cell lines was lower after carbon ions compared to the therapeutic proton irradiations. HTB177 cells showed higher recovery than CRL5876 cells seven days following the treatments, but the survival rates of both cell lines were lower after exposure to carbon ions with respect to therapeutic protons. When analyzing cell cycle distribution of both CRL5876 and HTB177 cells, it was noticed that therapeutic protons predominantly induced G1 arrest, while the cells after carbon ions were arrested in G2/M phase. The results illustrated that differences in the levels of phosphorylated H2AX, a double-strand break marker, exist after therapeutic proton and carbon ion irradiations. We also observed dose- and time-dependent increase in the p53 and p21 levels after applied irradiations. Carbon ions caused larger increase in the quantity of p53 and p21 compared to therapeutic protons. These results suggested that various repair mechanisms were induced in the treated cells. Considering the fact that we have not observed any distinct change in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio following irradiations, it seemed that different types of cell death were involved in the response to the two types of irradiations that were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilija D Keta
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | | | - Tanja M Bulat
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Pablo GA Cirrone
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Francesco Romano
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Ivan M Petrović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
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15
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WSB1 overcomes oncogene-induced senescence by targeting ATM for degradation. Cell Res 2016; 27:274-293. [PMID: 27958289 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) or apoptosis through the DNA-damage response is an important barrier of tumorigenesis. Overcoming this barrier leads to abnormal cell proliferation, genomic instability, and cellular transformation, and finally allows cancers to develop. However, it remains unclear how the OIS barrier is overcome. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase WD repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 1 (WSB1) plays a role in overcoming OIS. WSB1 expression in primary cells helps the bypass of OIS, leading to abnormal proliferation and cellular transformation. Mechanistically, WSB1 promotes ATM ubiquitination, resulting in ATM degradation and the escape from OIS. Furthermore, we identify CDKs as the upstream kinase of WSB1. CDK-mediated phosphorylation activates WSB1 by promoting its monomerization. In human cancer tissue and in vitro models, WSB1-induced ATM degradation is an early event during tumorigenic progression. We suggest that WSB1 is one of the key players of early oncogenic events through ATM degradation and destruction of the tumorigenesis barrier. Our work establishes an important mechanism of cancer development and progression in premalignant lesions.
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16
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Lysine-specific demethylase KDM3A regulates ovarian cancer stemness and chemoresistance. Oncogene 2016; 36:1537-1545. [PMID: 27694900 PMCID: PMC5357761 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies due to the development of acquired chemoresistance and disease relapse. Although the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells with the self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, in therapeutic resistance is beginning to be better understood, the significance of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms responsible for integrating the stemness with drug resistance remain poorly understood. Here we identified that lysine demethylase KDM3A as a critical regulator of ovarian cancer stemness and cisplatin resistance by inducing the expressions of pluripotent molecules Sox2 and Nanog and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), respectively. In addition, KDM3A induces ovarian cancer growth while antagonizing cellular senescence by repressing the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21Waf1/Cip1. The underlying mechanism of the noted biological processes include KDM3A-mediated stimulation of Sox2 expression, and demethylating p53 protein and consequently, modulating its target genes such as Bcl-2 and p21Waf1/Cip1 expression. Consistently, KDM3A depletion inhibited the growth of subcutaneously implanted cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells in athymic nude mice. Moreover, KDM3A is abundantly expressed and positively correlated with Sox2 expression in human ovarian cancer tissues. In brief, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which KDM3A promotes ovarian CSCs, proliferation and chemoresistance and thus, highlights the significance of KDM3A as a novel therapeutic target for resistant ovarian cancer.
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17
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Senthil KK, Gokila VM, Mau JL, Lin CC, Chu FH, Wei CC, Liao VHC, Wang SY. A steroid like phytochemical Antcin M is an anti-aging reagent that eliminates hyperglycemia-accelerated premature senescence in dermal fibroblasts by direct activation of Nrf2 and SIRT-1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:62836-62861. [PMID: 27542238 PMCID: PMC5325331 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study revealed the anti-aging properties of antcin M (ANM) and elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects. We found that exposure of human normal dermal fibroblasts (HNDFs) to high-glucose (HG, 30 mM) for 3 days, accelerated G0/G1 phase arrest and senescence. Indeed, co-treatment with ANM (10 µM) significantly attenuated HG-induced growth arrest and promoted cell proliferation. Further molecular analysis revealed that ANM blocked the HG-induced reduction in G1-S transition regulatory proteins such as cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, CDK6, CDK2 and protein retinoblastoma (pRb). In addition, treatment with ANM eliminated HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the induction of anti-oxidant genes, HO-1 and NQO-1 via transcriptional activation of Nrf2. Moreover, treatment with ANM abolished HG-induced SIPS as evidenced by reduced senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. This effect was further confirmed by reduction in senescence-associated marker proteins including, p21CIP1, p16INK4A, and p53/FoxO1 acetylation. Also, the HG-induced decline in aging-related marker protein SMP30 was rescued by ANM. Furthermore, treatment with ANM increased SIRT-1 expression, and prevented SIRT-1 depletion. This protection was consistent with inhibition of SIRT-1 phosphorylation at Ser47 followed by blocking its upstream kinases, p38 MAPK and JNK/SAPK. Further analysis revealed that ANM partially protected HG-induced senescence in SIRT-1 silenced cells. A similar effect was also observed in Nrf2 silenced cells. However, a complete loss of protection was observed in both Nrf2 and SIRT-1 knockdown cells suggesting that both induction of Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant defense and SIRT-1-mediated deacetylation activity contribute to the anti-aging properties of ANM in vitro. Result of in vivo studies shows that ANM-treated C. elegens exhibits an increased survival rate during HG-induced oxidative stress insult. Furthermore, ANM significantly extended the life span of C. elegans. Taken together, our results suggest the potential application of ANM in age-related diseases or as a preventive reagent against aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar K.J. Senthil
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vani M. Gokila
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Chung Hsing University/University of California at Davis, Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Leun Mau
- National Chung Hsing University/University of California at Davis, Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Fang-Hua Chu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Wei
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Chung Hsing University/University of California at Davis, Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Silva AO, Dalsin E, Onzi GR, Filippi-Chiela EC, Lenz G. The regrowth kinetic of the surviving population is independent of acute and chronic responses to temozolomide in glioblastoma cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:177-183. [PMID: 27669643 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy acts on cancer cells by producing multiple effects on a cell population including cell cycle arrest, necrosis, apoptosis and senescence. However, often a subpopulation of cells survives and the behavior of this subpopulation, which is responsible for cancer recurrence, remains obscure. Here we investigated the in vitro short- and long-term responses of six glioblastoma cell lines to clinically relevant doses of temozolomide for 5 days followed by 23 days of recovery, mimicking the standard schedule used in glioblastoma patient for this drug. These cells presented different profiles of sensitivity to temozolomide with varying levels of cell cycle arrest, autophagy and senescence, followed by a regrowth of the surviving cells. The initial reduction in cell number and the subsequent regrowth was analyzed with four new parameters applied to Cumulative Population Doubling (CPD) curves that describe the overall sensitivity of the population and the characteristic of the regrowth: the relative end point CPD (RendCPD); the relative Area Under Curve (rAUC); the Relative Time to Cross a Threshold (RTCT); and the Relative Proliferation Rate (RPR). Surprisingly, the kinetics of regrowth were not predicted by the mechanisms activated after treatment nor by the acute or overall sensitivity. With this study we added new parameters that describe key responses of glioblastoma cell populations to temozolomide treatment. These parameters can also be applied to other cell types and treatments and will help to understand the behavior of the surviving cancer cells after treatment and shed light on studies of cancer resistance and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Oliveira Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eloisa Dalsin
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Ravizzoni Onzi
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Guido Lenz
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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19
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Bellotti C, Capanni C, Lattanzi G, Donati D, Lucarelli E, Duchi S. Detection of mesenchymal stem cells senescence by prelamin A accumulation at the nuclear level. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1427. [PMID: 27625981 PMCID: PMC5001959 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), during in vitro expansion, undergo a progressive loss of proliferative potential that leads to the senescent state, associated with a reduction of their "medicinal" properties. This may hampers their efficacy in the treatment of injured tissues. Quality controls on MSC-based cell therapy products should include an assessment of the senescent state. However, a reliable and specific marker is still missing. From studies on lamin-associated disorders, has emerged the correlation between defective lamin A maturation and cellular senescence. FINDINGS Primary cultured hMSC lines (n = 3), were analyzed by immunostaining at different life-span stages for the accumulation of prelamin A, along with other markers of cellular senescence. During culture, cells at the last stage of their life span displayed evident signs of senescence consistent with the positivity of SA-β-gal staining. We also observed a significant increase of prelamin A positive cells. Furthermore, we verified that the cells marked by prelamin A were also positive for p21(Waf1) while negative for Ki67. CONCLUSIONS Overall data support that the detection of prelamin A identifies senescent MSC, providing an easy and reliable tool to be use alone or in combination with known senescence markers to screen MSC before their use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellotti
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40036 Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- Institute of Molecular Genetics - Unit of Bologna, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics - Unit of Bologna, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Donati
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40036 Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40036 Italy
| | - Serena Duchi
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40036 Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Gillespie ZE, Pickering J, Eskiw CH. Better Living through Chemistry: Caloric Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics Alter Genome Function to Promote Increased Health and Lifespan. Front Genet 2016; 7:142. [PMID: 27588026 PMCID: PMC4988992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), defined as decreased nutrient intake without causing malnutrition, has been documented to increase both health and lifespan across numerous organisms, including humans. Many drugs and other compounds naturally occurring in our diet (nutraceuticals) have been postulated to act as mimetics of caloric restriction, leading to a wave of research investigating the efficacy of these compounds in preventing age-related diseases and promoting healthier, longer lifespans. Although well studied at the biochemical level, there are still many unanswered questions about how CR and CR mimetics impact genome function and structure. Here we discuss how genome function and structure are influenced by CR and potential CR mimetics, including changes in gene expression profiles and epigenetic modifications and their potential to identify the genetic fountain of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Gillespie
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joshua Pickering
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Christopher H Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
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21
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Kong Y, Sharma RB, Nwosu BU, Alonso LC. Islet biology, the CDKN2A/B locus and type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1579-93. [PMID: 27155872 PMCID: PMC4930689 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, fuelled by the obesity epidemic, is an escalating worldwide cause of personal hardship and public cost. Diabetes incidence increases with age, and many studies link the classic senescence and ageing protein p16(INK4A) to diabetes pathophysiology via pancreatic islet biology. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have unequivocally linked the CDKN2A/B locus, which encodes p16 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (p16(INK4A)) and three other gene products, p14 alternate reading frame (p14(ARF)), p15(INK4B) and antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), with human diabetes risk. However, the mechanism by which the CDKN2A/B locus influences diabetes risk remains uncertain. Here, we weigh the evidence that CDKN2A/B polymorphisms impact metabolic health via islet biology vs effects in other tissues. Structured in a bedside-to-bench-to-bedside approach, we begin with a summary of the evidence that the CDKN2A/B locus impacts diabetes risk and a brief review of the basic biology of CDKN2A/B gene products. The main emphasis of this work is an in-depth look at the nuanced roles that CDKN2A/B gene products and related proteins play in the regulation of beta cell mass, proliferation and insulin secretory function, as well as roles in other metabolic tissues. We finish with a synthesis of basic biology and clinical observations, incorporating human physiology data. We conclude that it is likely that the CDKN2A/B locus influences diabetes risk through both islet and non-islet mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Kong
- AS7-2047, Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Rohit B Sharma
- AS7-2047, Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Benjamin U Nwosu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- AS7-2047, Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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22
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Valberg M, Grotmol T, Tretli S, Veierød MB, Moger TA, Devesa SS, Aalen OO. Prostate-specific antigen testing for prostate cancer: Depleting a limited pool of susceptible individuals? Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 32:511-520. [PMID: 27431530 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
After the introduction of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in the 1980s, a sharp increase in the incidence rate of prostate cancer was seen in the United States. The age-specific incidence patterns exhibited remarkable shifts to younger ages, and declining rates were observed at old ages. Similar trends were seen in Norway. We investigate whether these features could, in combination with PSA testing, be explained by a varying degree of susceptibility to prostate cancer in the populations. We analyzed incidence data from the United States' Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for 1973-2010, comprising 511,027 prostate cancers in men ≥40 years old, and Norwegian national incidence data for 1953-2011, comprising 113,837 prostate cancers in men ≥50 years old. We developed a frailty model where only a proportion of the population could develop prostate cancer, and where the increased risk of diagnosis due to the massive use of PSA testing was modelled by encompassing this heterogeneity in risk. The frailty model fits the observed data well, and captures the changing age-specific incidence patterns across birth cohorts. The susceptible proportion of men is [Formula: see text] in the United States and [Formula: see text] in Norway. Cumulative incidence rates at old age are unchanged across birth cohort exposed to PSA testing at younger and younger ages. The peaking cohort-specific age-incidence curves of prostate cancer may be explained by the underlying heterogeneity in prostate cancer risk. The introduction of the PSA test has led to a larger number of diagnosed men. However, no more cases are being diagnosed in total in birth cohorts exposed to the PSA era at younger and younger ages, even though they are diagnosed at younger ages. Together with the earlier peak in the age-incidence curves for younger cohorts, and the strong familial association of the cancer, this constitutes convincing evidence that the PSA test has led to a higher proportion, and an earlier timing, of diagnoses in a limited pool of susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Valberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tom Grotmol
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Tretli
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tron A Moger
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susan S Devesa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Odd O Aalen
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Study of Association between Pre-Senile Cataracts and the Polymorphisms rs2228000 in XPC and rs1042522 in p53 in Spanish Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156317. [PMID: 27248495 PMCID: PMC4889128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if the presence of certain polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene XPC and the apoptosis inductor gene p53 is associated with pre-senile cataract development. Methods We have performed a retrospective study over three groups of patients. The group with pre-senile cataract formed by 72 patients younger than 55 with cataract surgery. The group with senile cataract formed by 101 patients older than 55 with cataract surgery. The group without cataract was formed by 42 subjects older than 55 without lens opacities. We analyzed the presence of SNP rs2228000 from XPC and rs1042522 from p53; and the relationship between risk factors such as smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension or diabetes. Results The comparison of the genotype distribution in XPC, within the different groups, did not show any statistically significant association in any of our analysis (p>0,05). The comparison of the genotype distribution in p53 within the different groups did not show any statistically significant association (p>0,05); except for the comparison between the pre-senile cataract group and the group with senile cataract where the genotype Pro/Pro (C/C) in the recessive inheritance model showed a higher risk for developing pre-senile cataract (p = 0,031; OR = 1.04–15.97). This association decreased when we performed the analysis adjusting by the studied risk factors (p = 0.056). Conclusions Allelic variants in the gene XPC are not associated with an increased risk for developing pre-senile cataract. The presence of the genotype Pro/Pro in p53 might be associated with a major risk for developing pre-senile cataract.
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Stuckey JI, Dickson BM, Cheng N, Liu Y, Norris JL, Cholensky SH, Tempel W, Qin S, Huber KG, Sagum C, Black K, Li F, Huang XP, Roth BL, Baughman BM, Senisterra G, Pattenden SG, Vedadi M, Brown PJ, Bedford MT, Min J, Arrowsmith CH, James LI, Frye SV. A cellular chemical probe targeting the chromodomains of Polycomb repressive complex 1. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:180-7. [PMID: 26807715 PMCID: PMC4755828 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the design and characterization of UNC3866, a potent antagonist of the methyllysine (Kme) reading function of the Polycomb CBX and CDY families of chromodomains. Polycomb CBX proteins regulate gene expression by targeting Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) to sites of H3K27me3 via their chromodomains. UNC3866 binds the chromodomains of CBX4 and CBX7 most potently, with a K(d) of ∼100 nM for each, and is 6- to 18-fold selective as compared to seven other CBX and CDY chromodomains while being highly selective over >250 other protein targets. X-ray crystallography revealed that UNC3866's interactions with the CBX chromodomains closely mimic those of the methylated H3 tail. UNC4195, a biotinylated derivative of UNC3866, was used to demonstrate that UNC3866 engages intact PRC1 and that EED incorporation into PRC1 is isoform dependent in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Finally, UNC3866 inhibits PC3 cell proliferation, consistent with the known ability of CBX7 overexpression to confer a growth advantage, whereas UNC4219, a methylated negative control compound, has negligible effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob I Stuckey
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bradley M Dickson
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Cheng
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Norris
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie H Cholensky
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wolfram Tempel
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Su Qin
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine G Huber
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Karynne Black
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandi M Baughman
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Samantha G Pattenden
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Jinrong Min
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsey I James
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen V Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Barat S, Bozko P, Chen X, Scholta T, Hanert F, Götze J, Malek NP, Wilkens L, Plentz RR. Targeting c-MET by LY2801653 for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2037-2050. [PMID: 26757360 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Palliative treatment options for human cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) are quite limited and new therapeutic strategies are of utmost need. c-MET has been shown to be deregulated in many cancers, but the role of c-MET in the carcinogenesis of CCC remains unclear. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression and also to investigate the role of c-MET and its effective inhibition for the treatment of CCC. In this study we investigated the effects of LY2801653, a small-molecule inhibitor with potent activity against MET kinase, in human CCC cell lines and in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. We have investigated the role of c-MET and its inhibitory effects on migration, invasion, colony formation, MET downstream targets, and CCC tumor growth. We also analyzed the role of apoptosis and senescence as well as the influence of hypoxia in this context. c-MET and p-MET were expressed in 72% and 12.5% of human CCC tissues and in TFK-1, SZ-1 cell lines. MET inhibition was achieved by blocking phosphorylation of MET with LY2801653 and subsequent down regulation of c-MET downstream targets. Treatment showed in a xenograft model potent anti-tumor activity. LY2801653 is an effective inhibitor and suppress the proliferation of CCC cells as well as the growth of xenograft tumors. Therefore, inhibition of c-MET could be a possible alternative approach for the treatment of human CCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarpita Barat
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Scholta
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Hanert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Götze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Institute of Pathology, Nordstadt Krankenhaus, Haltenhoffstr. 41, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruben R Plentz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Tübingen, Germany
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26
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Röck K, Tigges J, Sass S, Schütze A, Florea AM, Fender AC, Theis FJ, Krutmann J, Boege F, Fritsche E, Reifenberger G, Fischer JW. miR-23a-3p Causes Cellular Senescence by Targeting Hyaluronan Synthase 2: Possible Implication for Skin Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:369-377. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Grabliauskaite K, Hehl AB, Seleznik GM, Saponara E, Schlesinger K, Zuellig RA, Dittmann A, Bain M, Reding T, Sonda S, Graf R. p21WAF1/Cip1limits senescence and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia formation during pancreatitis. J Pathol 2014; 235:502-14. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamile Grabliauskaite
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Adrian B Hehl
- Institute of Parasitology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Gitta M Seleznik
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Enrica Saponara
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Schlesinger
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Richard A Zuellig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition; University Hospital Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Anja Dittmann
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martha Bain
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
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Maya-Mendoza A, Merchut-Maya JM, Bartkova J, Bartek J, Streuli CH, Jackson DA. Immortalised breast epithelia survive prolonged DNA replication stress and return to cycle from a senescent-like state. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1351. [PMID: 25058425 PMCID: PMC4123104 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have mechanisms to counteract the effects of metabolic and exogenous stresses, many of that would be mutagenic if ignored. Damage arising during DNA replication is a major source of mutagenesis. The extent of damage dictates whether cells undergo transient cell cycle arrest and damage repair, senescence or apoptosis. Existing dogma defines these alternative fates as distinct choices. Here we show that immortalised breast epithelial cells are able to survive prolonged S phase arrest and subsequently re-enter cycle after many days of being in an arrested, senescence-like state. Prolonged cell cycle inhibition in fibroblasts induced DNA damage response and cell death. However, in immortalised breast epithelia, efficient S phase arrest minimised chromosome damage and protected sufficient chromatin-bound replication licensing complexes to allow cell cycle re-entry. We propose that our observation could have implications for the design of drug therapies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maya-Mendoza
- 1] Faculty of Life Sciences and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK [2] Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J M Merchut-Maya
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bartkova
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bartek
- 1] Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - C H Streuli
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - D A Jackson
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Chou JP, Ramirez CM, Ryba DM, Koduri MP, Effros RB. Prostaglandin E2 promotes features of replicative senescence in chronically activated human CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99432. [PMID: 24918932 PMCID: PMC4053423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a pleiotropic immunomodulatory molecule, and its free radical catalyzed isoform, iso-PGE2, are frequently elevated in the context of cancer and chronic infection. Previous studies have documented the effects of PGE2 on the various CD4+ T cell functions, but little is known about its impact on cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for eliminating virally infected and tumor cells. Here we provide the first demonstration of the dramatic effects of PGE2 on the progression of human CD8+ T cells toward replicative senescence, a terminal dysfunctional state associated multiple pathologies during aging and chronic HIV-1 infection. Our data show that exposure of chronically activated CD8+ T cells to physiological levels of PGE2 and iso-PGE2 promotes accelerated acquisition of markers of senescence, including loss of CD28 expression, increased expression of p16 cell cycle inhibitor, reduced telomerase activity, telomere shortening and diminished production of key cytotoxic and survival cytokines. Moreover, the CD8+ T cells also produced higher levels of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that the resultant oxidative stress may have further enhanced telomere loss. Interestingly, we observed that even chronic activation per se resulted in increased CD8+ T cell production of PGE2, mediated by higher COX-2 activity, thus inducing a negative feedback loop that further inhibits effector function. Collectively, our data suggest that the elevated levels of PGE2 and iso-PGE2, seen in various cancers and HIV-1 infection, may accelerate progression of CD8+ T cells towards replicative senescence in vivo. Inhibition of COX-2 activity may, therefore, provide a strategy to counteract this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P. Chou
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. Ryba
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Megha P. Koduri
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rita B. Effros
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Senescence induced by RECQL4 dysfunction contributes to Rothmund-Thomson syndrome features in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1226. [PMID: 24832598 PMCID: PMC4047874 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to irreversible growth arrest of primary eukaryotic cells, a process thought to contribute to aging-related degeneration and disease. Deficiency of RecQ helicase RECQL4 leads to Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), and we have investigated whether senescence is involved using cellular approaches and a mouse model. We first systematically investigated whether depletion of RECQL4 and the other four human RecQ helicases, BLM, WRN, RECQL1 and RECQL5, impacts the proliferative potential of human primary fibroblasts. BLM-, WRN- and RECQL4-depleted cells display increased staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), higher expression of p16INK4a or/and p21WAF1 and accumulated persistent DNA damage foci. These features were less frequent in RECQL1- and RECQL5-depleted cells. We have mapped the region in RECQL4 that prevents cellular senescence to its N-terminal region and helicase domain. We further investigated senescence features in an RTS mouse model, Recql4-deficient mice (Recql4HD). Tail fibroblasts from Recql4HD showed increased SA-β-gal staining and increased DNA damage foci. We also identified sparser tail hair and fewer blood cells in Recql4HD mice accompanied with increased senescence in tail hair follicles and in bone marrow cells. In conclusion, dysfunction of RECQL4 increases DNA damage and triggers premature senescence in both human and mouse cells, which may contribute to symptoms in RTS patients.
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Benavides M, Berciano-Guerrero M. Elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: overall issues and first-line chemotherapy options. COLORECTAL CANCER 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/crc.13.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The aging phenomenon is resulting in an ever greater incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the elderly. Chronologic age is not the best or only way to define elderly patients because aging varies greatly. Comprehensive geriatric assessment has proved beneficial for more appropriate therapeutic options although its influence on treatment decisions and outcomes remains to be validated. Fit elderly patients with metastatic CRC derive similar benefits to their younger counterparts, but only one Phase III trial exists to define the best treatment. New strategies such as maintenance therapies, which are particularly appropriate in these patients, are needed. As very few data are available for the vulnerable/frail elderly population, it is important to better define these terms and the efficacy (if any) of treatment modalities in this group. Translational research in geriatric oncology must be improved in this heterogeneous population to identify biological and clinical correlates of cancer and aging, ameliorating personalized treatment in elderly metastatic CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Benavides
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
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Marchal JA, Carrasco E, Ramirez A, Jiménez G, Olmedo C, Peran M, Agil A, Conejo-García A, Cruz-López O, Campos JM, García MÁ. Bozepinib, a novel small antitumor agent, induces PKR-mediated apoptosis and synergizes with IFNα triggering apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Drug Des Devel Ther 2013; 7:1301-13. [PMID: 24194639 PMCID: PMC3815003 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s51354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bozepinib [(RS)-2,6-dichloro-9-[1-(p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-9H-purine] is a potent antitumor compound that is able to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In the present study, we show that bozepinib also has antitumor activity in colon cancer cells, showing 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values lower than those described for breast cancer cells and suggesting great potential of this synthetic drug in the treatment of cancer. We identified that the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a target of bozepinib, being upregulated and activated by the drug. However, p53 was not affected by bozepinib, and was not necessary for induction of apoptosis in either breast or colon cancer cells. In addition, the efficacy of bozepinib was improved when combined with the interferon-alpha (IFNα) cytokine, which enhanced bozepinib-induced apoptosis with involvement of protein kinase PKR. Moreover, we report here, for the first time, that in combined therapy, IFNα induces a clear process of autophagosome formation, and prior treatment with chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, is able to significantly reduce IFNα/bozepinib-induced cell death. Finally, we observed that a minor population of caspase 3-deficient MCF-7 cells persisted during long-term treatment with lower doses of bozepinib and the bozepinib/IFNα combination. Curiously, this population showed β-galactosidase activity and a percentage of cells arrested in S phase, that was more evident in cells treated with the bozepinib/IFNα combination than in cells treated with bozepinib or IFNα alone. Considering the resistance of some cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy, combinations enhancing the diversity of the cell death outcome might succeed in delivering more effective and less toxic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Centre for Biomedical Research, Spain ; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Bitar MS, Abdel-Halim SM, Al-Mulla F. Caveolin-1/PTRF upregulation constitutes a mechanism for mediating p53-induced cellular senescence: implications for evidence-based therapy of delayed wound healing in diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E951-63. [PMID: 23941874 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00189.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A heightened state of oxidative stress and senescence of fibroblasts constitute potential therapeutic targets in nonhealing diabetic wounds. Here, we studied the underlying mechanism mediating diabetes-induced cellular senescence using in vitro cultured dermal fibroblasts and in vivo circular wounds. Our results demonstrated that the total antioxidant capacity and mRNA levels of thioredoxinreductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the ratio of NADPH/NADP were decreased markedly in fibroblasts from patients with type 2 diabetes (DFs). Consistent with this shift in favor of excessive reactive oxygen species, DFs also displayed a significant increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and phospho-γ-histone H2AX (pH2AX) level. Moreover, the ability of PDGF to promote cell proliferation/migration and regulate the phosphorylation-dependent activation of Akt and ERK1/2 appears to be attenuated as a function of diabetes. Mechanistically, we found that diabetes-induced oxidative stress upregulated caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and PTRF expression, which in turn sequestered Mdm2 away from p53. This process resulted in the activation of a p53/p21-dependent pathway and the induction of premature senescence in DFs. Most of the aforementioned oxidative stress and senescence-based features observed in DFs were recapitulated in a 10-day-old diabetic wound. Intriguingly, we confirmed that the targeted depletion of Cav-1 or PTRF using siRNA- or Vivo-Morpholino antisense-based gene therapy markedly inhibited diabetes/oxidative stress-induced premature senescence and also accelerated tissue repair in this disease state. Overall, our data illuminate Cav-1/PTRF-1 as a key player of a novel signaling pathway that may link a heightened state of oxidative stress to cellular senescence and impaired wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad S Bitar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Molecular analysis of the inhibitory effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on the proliferation and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:504-18. [PMID: 23511429 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32836009d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary studies have suggested that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) may be effective in inhibiting the growth of pancreatic cancer cells. In-depth cellular and molecular analyses were carried out to determine NAC's mode of action in inhibiting the growth of a well-characterized pancreatic cancer cell line (AsPC-1). Standardized assays were used to monitor cellular growth, apoptosis, levels of ROS, cellular senescence, migration, and invasiveness. Cell stiffness was measured using atomic force microscopy. Gene expression was monitored by quantitative PCR. NAC significantly inhibits the growth and metastatic potential of AsPC-1 cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest in G1 and subsequent cellular senescence and decreased invasiveness. These anticancer properties are associated with an unexpected increase in the intracellular concentrations of ROS. NAC does not decrease the susceptibility of AsPC-1 cells to the anticancer drugs gemcitabine, mitomycin C, and doxorubicin. NAC-induced changes in gene expression are consistent with the onset of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. In conclusion, our findings indicate that NAC induces an integrated series of responses in AsPC-1 cells that make it a highly promising candidate for development as a pancreatic cancer therapeutic.
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Lansu K, Gentile S. Potassium channel activation inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells by activating a senescence program. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e652. [PMID: 23744352 PMCID: PMC3698542 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally the hERG1 potassium channel has been known to have a fundamental role in membrane excitability of several mammalian cells including cardiac myocytes. hERG1 has recently been found to be expressed in non-excitable cancer cells of different histogenesis, but the role of this channel in cancer biology is unknown. Results form recent studies on the effect hERG1 inhibition in some breast cancer cells are controversial as it can lead to apoptosis or protect against cell death. Nevertheless, these data suggest that the hERG1 channel could have an important role in cancer biology. Here we report the effects of hyperstimulation of hERG1 channel in human mammary gland adenocarcinoma-derived cells. Application of the hERG1 activator, the diphenylurea derivative NS1643, inhibits cell proliferation irreversibly. This event is accompanied by a preferential arrest of the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase without the occurrence of apoptotic events. Consequently, cells responded to NS1643 by developing a senescence-like phenotype associated with increased protein levels of the tumor suppressors p21 and p16(INK4a) and by a positive β-galactosidase assay. These data suggest that prolonged stimulation of the hERG1 potassium channel may activate a senescence program and offers a compelling opportunity to develop a potential antiproliferative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lansu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Xie Q, Chen J, Feng H, Peng S, Adams U, Bai Y, Huang L, Li J, Huang J, Meng S, Yuan Z. YAP/TEAD-mediated transcription controls cellular senescence. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3615-24. [PMID: 23576552 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcription coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we identify a new role of YAP in the regulation of cellular senescence. We find that the expression levels of YAP proteins decrease following the replication-induced cellular senescence in IMR90 cells. Silencing of YAP inhibits cell proliferation and induces premature senescence. In additional experiments, we observe that cellular senescence induced by YAP deficiency is TEAD- and Rb/p16/p53-dependent. Furthermore, we show that Cdk6 is a direct downstream target gene of YAP in the regulation of cellular senescence, and the expression of Cdk6 is through the YAP-TEAD complex. Ectopic expression of Cdk6 rescued YAP knockdown-induced senescence. Finally, we find that downregulation of YAP in tumor cells increases senescence in response to chemotherapeutic agents, and YAP or Cdk6 expression rescues cellular senescence. Taken together, our findings define the critical role of YAP in the regulation of cellular senescence and provide a novel insight into a potential chemotherapeutic avenue for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen Z, Jadhav A, Wang F, Perle M, Basch R, K. Young B. Senescence and longevity in amniotic fluid derived cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/scd.2013.31008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Goldberg AA, Beach A, Davies GF, Harkness TAA, Leblanc A, Titorenko VI. Lithocholic bile acid selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells. Oncotarget 2012; 2:761-82. [PMID: 21992775 PMCID: PMC3248158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the major risk factors of cancer. The onset of cancer can be postponed by pharmacological and dietary anti-aging interventions. We recently found in yeast cellular models of aging that lithocholic acid (LCA) extends longevity. Here we show that, at concentrations that are not cytotoxic to primary cultures of human neurons, LCA kills the neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines BE(2)-m17, SK-n-SH, SK-n-MCIXC and Lan-1. In BE(2)-m17, SK-n-SH and SK-n-MCIXC cells, the LCA anti-tumor effect is due to apoptotic cell death. In contrast, the LCA-triggered death of Lan-1 cells is not caused by apoptosis. While low concentrations of LCA sensitize BE(2)-m17 and SK-n-MCIXC cells to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death controlled by mitochondria, these LCA concentrations make primary cultures of human neurons resistant to such a form of cell death. LCA kills BE(2)-m17 and SK-n-MCIXC cell lines by triggering not only the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic cell death pathway driven by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and initiator caspase-9 activation, but also the extrinsic (death receptor) pathway of apoptosis involving activation of the initiator caspase-8. Based on these data, we propose a mechanism underlying a potent and selective anti-tumor effect of LCA in cultured human NB cells. Moreover, our finding that LCA kills cultured human breast cancer and rat glioma cells implies that it has a broad anti-tumor effect on cancer cells derived from different tissues and organisms.
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