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Park JW, Choi J, Lee J, Park JM, Kim SM, Min JH, Seo DY, Goo SH, Kim JH, Kwon OK, Lee K, Ahn KS, Oh SR, Lee JW. Methyl P-Coumarate Ameliorates the Inflammatory Response in Activated-Airway Epithelial Cells and Mice with Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314909. [PMID: 36499236 PMCID: PMC9736825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl p-coumarate (methyl p-hydroxycinnamate) (MH) is a natural compound found in a variety of plants. In the present study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of MH on airway inflammation in an experimental model of allergic asthma (AA). In this in vitro study, MH was found to exert anti-inflammatory activity on PMA-stimulated A549 airway epithelial cells by suppressing the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and ICAM-1. In addition, MH exerted an inhibitory effect not only on NF-κB (p-NF-κB and p-IκB) and AP-1 (p-c-Fos and p-c-Jun) activation but also on A549 cell and EOL-1 cell (eosinophil cell lines) adhesion. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, MH had an inhibitory effect on TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1. The results from in vivo study revealed that the increases in eosinophils/Th2 cytokines/MCP-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IgE in the serum of OVA-induced mice with AA were effectively inhibited by MH administration. MH also exerted a reductive effect on the immune cell influx, mucus secretion, and iNOS/COX-2 expression in the lungs of mice with AA. The effects of MH were accompanied by the inactivation of NF-κB. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that MH attenuates airway inflammation in mice with AA, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant in asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Laboratory Animal Resources Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yun Seo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyeon Goo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Central Bank, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Central Bank, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-R.O.); (J.-W.L.)
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-R.O.); (J.-W.L.)
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Romero-Estrada A, Boto A, González-Christen J, Romero-Estudillo I, Garduño-Ramírez ML, Razo-Hernández RS, Marquina S, Maldonado-Magaña A, Columba-Palomares MC, Sánchez-Carranza JN, Alvarez L. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino and 3-Hydroxy- seco A Derivatives of α-Amyrin and 3-Epilupeol as Inhibitors of COX-2 Activity and NF-kB Activation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:787-803. [PMID: 35175765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel 3-seco-A derivatives of the natural triterpenes α-amyrin (1) and 3-epilupeol (2) were synthesized by a one-pot radical scission-oxidation procedure and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their capacity to inhibit the inflammatory process. For the in vitro studies, the trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline methyl ester derivatives (1f and 2f) were consistently effective in inhibiting NO, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion, as well as inhibition of NF-κB activation, in RAW cells stimulated by LPS. The further in vivo anti-inflammatory study revealed that the trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline methyl ester derivatives (1f and 2f), together with 1g, were the most effective in inhibiting TPA-induced edema. Interestingly, the α-amyrin derivatives were the most potent inhibitors of COX-2, but inhibited COX-1 only to some extent. The hydroxyl derivative (1c) was selective for COX-2 inhibition (66.3 ± 1.1% at 17.5 μM) without affecting the COX-1 isoform and did not present toxicity. Molecular docking studies revealed that these compounds bind with their polar region in the cavity over Arg-120, and their lipophilic part is orientated to the HEM cofactor similarly to the natural substrate arachidonic acid in the catalytic site of COX-2. These results indicated that seco-A ursane derivatives could be considered promising candidates for the future development of selective NF-κB and COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romero-Estrada
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, Zapopan 45100, Jalisco, México
| | - Alicia Boto
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avenuda Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Judith González-Christen
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209 Morelos, México
| | - Ivan Romero-Estudillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209 Morelos, México
| | - María Luisa Garduño-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Silvia Marquina
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Amalia Maldonado-Magaña
- Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta. Independencia Sur No. 36, Col. San Salvador Cuauhténco, Alcaldía Milpa Alta CDMX 12300, México
| | - María C Columba-Palomares
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209 Morelos, México
| | - Jessica Nayelli Sánchez-Carranza
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209 Morelos, México
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
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Targeting Cytotoxin-Associated Antigen A, a Virulent Factor of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastric Cancer: Structure-Based In Silico Screening of Natural Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030732. [PMID: 35164000 PMCID: PMC8838247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequent cancer and the third major cause of mortality worldwide. Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial infection linked with GC, injects the cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA; an oncoprotein) into host cells. When the phosphorylated CagA protein enters the cell, it attaches to other cellular components, interfering with normal cellular signaling pathways. CagA plays an important role in the progression of GC by interacting with phosphatidylserine of the host cell membrane. Therefore, disrupting the CagA-phosphatidylserine connection using small molecules appears to be a promising therapeutic approach. In this report, we screened the natural compounds from ZINC database against the CagA protein using the bioinformatics tools. Hits were initially chosen based on their physicochemical, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics, as well as other drug-like characteristics. To locate safe and effective hits, the PAINS filter, binding affinities estimation, and interaction analysis were used. Three compounds with high binding affinity and specificity for the CagA binding pocket were discovered. The final hits, ZINC153731, ZINC69482055, and ZINC164387, were found to bind strongly with CagA protein, with binding energies of -11.53, -10.67, and -9.21 kcal/mol, respectively, which were higher than that of the control compound (-7.25 kcal/mol). Further, based on binding affinity and interaction pattern, two leads (ZINC153731, ZINC69482055) were chosen for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis. MD results showed that they displayed stability in their vicinity at 100 ns. This study suggested that these compounds could be used as possible inhibitors of CagA protein in the fight against GC. However, additional benchwork tests are required to validate them as CagA protein inhibitors.
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Kim SM, Min JH, Kim JH, Choi J, Park JM, Lee J, Goo SH, Oh JH, Kim SH, Chun W, Ahn KS, Kang S, Lee JW. Methyl p‑hydroxycinnamate exerts anti‑inflammatory effects in mouse models of lipopolysaccharide‑induced ARDS. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:37. [PMID: 34859262 PMCID: PMC8669673 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (MH), an esterified derivative of p-Coumaric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Based on these effects, the present study investigated the protective role of MH in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The results demonstrated that administration of LPS (5 mg/kg intranasally) markedly increased the neutrophil/macrophage numbers and levels of inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and reactive oxygen species) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice. On histological examination, the presence of inflammatory cells was observed in the lungs of mice administered LPS. LPS also notably upregulated the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and protein content in BALF as well as expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of mice; it also caused activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling. However, MH treatment significantly suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory cell recruitment, inflammatory molecule levels and p38MAPK/NF-κB activation, and also led to upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the lungs of mice. In addition, the ability of MH to induce HO-1 expression was confirmed in RAW264.7 macrophages. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated that MH may exert protective effects against airway inflammation in ARDS mice by inhibiting inflammatory cell recruitment and the production of inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyeon Goo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmo Kang
- Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28115, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
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Movahedi A, Almasi Zadeh Yaghuti A, Wei H, Rutland P, Sun W, Mousavi M, Li D, Zhuge Q. Plant Secondary Metabolites with an Overview of Populus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136890. [PMID: 34206964 PMCID: PMC8268465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Populus trees meet continuous difficulties from the environment through their life cycle. To warrant their durability and generation, Populus trees exhibit various types of defenses, including the production of secondary metabolites. Syntheses derived from the shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathway are a varied and plentiful class of secondary metabolites manufactured in Populus. Amongst other main classes of secondary metabolites in Populus are fatty acid and terpenoid-derivatives. Many of the secondary metabolites made by Populus trees have been functionally described. Any others have been associated with particular ecological or biological processes, such as resistance against pests and microbial pathogens or acclimatization to abiotic stresses. Still, the functions of many Populus secondary metabolites are incompletely understood. Furthermore, many secondary metabolites have therapeutic effects, leading to more studies of secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis. This paper reviews the biosynthetic pathways and therapeutic impacts of secondary metabolites in Populus using a genomics approach. Compared with bacteria, fewer known pathways produce secondary metabolites in Populus despite P. trichocarpa having had its genome sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.A.Z.Y.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-25-8542-8701
| | - Amir Almasi Zadeh Yaghuti
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.A.Z.Y.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Hui Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.A.Z.Y.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Paul Rutland
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Units, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Weibo Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.A.Z.Y.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Mohaddeseh Mousavi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.A.Z.Y.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Dawei Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.A.Z.Y.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.A.Z.Y.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Q.Z.)
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Insights for the Valorization of Biomass from Portuguese Invasive Acacia spp. in a Biorefinery Perspective. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acacia spp. are widespread all over the Portuguese territory, representing a threat to local biodiversity and to the productivity of the forest sector. The measures adopted in some countries for their eradication or to control their propagation are expensive, have been considered unfeasible from practical and economical perspectives, and have generated large amounts of residue that must be valorized in a sustainable way. This review brings together information on the valorization of bark, wood, leaves, flowers, pods, seeds, roots, and exudates from Acacia spp., through the production of high-value bioactive extracts (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, anthelmintic, or pesticidal agents, suitable to be explored by pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics, and food and feed industries), its incorporation in innovative materials (e.g., polymers and composites, nanomaterials, low-cost adsorbents), as well as through the application of advanced thermochemical processes (e.g., flash pyrolysis) and pre-treatments to decompose biomass in its structural components, regarding the production of biofuels along with valuable chemicals derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The knowledge of this research is important to encourage an efficient and sustainable valorization of Acacia spp. within a biorefinery concept, which can bring a significant economic return from the valorization of these residues, simultaneously contributing to forest cleaning and management, to reduce the risk of fires, and to improve the social-economic development of rural areas.
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Healing Effect of Vicenin-2 (VCN-2) on Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) and Development VCN-2 Hydrocolloid Film Based on Alginate as Potential Wound Dressing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4730858. [PMID: 32382552 PMCID: PMC7196134 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4730858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent serious globally health care and economic issues especially for patients with hyperglycemic condition. Wound dressings have a predominant function in wound treatment; however, the dressings for the long-lasting and non-healing wounds are still a significant challenge in the wound care management market. Astonishingly, advanced wound dressing which is embedded with a synthetic drug compound in a natural polymer compound that acts as drug release carrier has brought about promising treatment effect toward injured wound. In the current study, results have shown that Vicenin-2 (VCN-2) compound in low concentration significantly enhanced cell proliferation and migration of HDF. It also regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α from HDF in wound repair. Treatment of VCN-2 also has facilitated the expression of TGF-1β and VEGF wound healing maker in a dose-dependent manner. A hydrocolloid film based on sodium alginate (SA) incorporated with VCN-2 synthetic compound which targets to promote wound healing particularly in diabetic condition was successfully developed and optimized for its physico-chemical properties. It was discovered that all the fabricated film formulations prepared were smooth, translucent, and good with flexibility. The thickness and weight of the formulations were also found to be uniform. The hydrophilic polymer comprised of VCN-2 were shown to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical characteristics. The drug release profiles have revealed hydrocolloid film, which is able to control and sustain the VCN-2 released to wound area. In short, hydrocolloid films consisting of VCN-2 formulations are suitably used as a potential wound dressing to promote restoration of wound injury.
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Nawaz NUA, Saeed M, Khan KM, Ali I, Bhatti HA, Shahid M, Faizi S. Isolation of tyrosine derived phenolics and their possible beneficial role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Tithonia tubaeformis. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:4286-4294. [PMID: 31872778 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1705813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tithonia tubaeformis showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH assay. It was subjected to bioassay guided fractionation affording more active ethyl acetate fraction which on further purification led to the isolation and identification of a series of bioactive phenolic compounds having important biosynthetic relationship. Of these, 4-hydroxyphenethyl henicosanoate (tithonoid) is a new compound. Moreover, in the carrageenan induced paw edema test, significant attenuation of inflammation was also produced by the extract at 50-200 mg/kg. The structures of all the constituents were determined through spectroscopic methods. It is the first systematic biological and chemical investigation on T. tubaeformis, which showed that phenolics may play an important role in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the plant, probably through synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ali
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Aslam Bhatti
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ekowati J, Diyah NW, Syahrani A. Synthesis and Antiplatelet Activites of Some Derivatives of p-Coumaric Acid. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht13.03.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Huo F, Li Z, Zeng Q, He H, Li X. Theoretical Insights Into the Depolymerization Mechanism of Lignin to Methyl p-hydroxycinnamate by [Bmim][FeCl 4] Ionic Liquid. Front Chem 2019; 7:446. [PMID: 31275927 PMCID: PMC6591258 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Depolymerization of lignin into valuable aromatic compounds is an important starting point for its valorization strategies, which requires the cleavage of C-O and C-C bonds between lignin monomer units. The catalytic cleavage of these bonds is still difficult and challenging. Our previous experimental investigation (Green Chem., 2018, 20: 3743) has shown that methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (MPC) can be produced from molecular tailoring of H unit in lignin by the cleavage of the γ-O ester bond. In this study, the mechanism of [Bmim][FeCl4]-catalyzed depolymerization of lignin was investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The results reveal that [FeCl4]- anion of the catalyst plays a decisive role in the whole catalytic process, where two possible activation modes including three different potential reaction pathways can realize the depolymerization of lignin model compound. The calculated overall barriers of the catalytic conversion along these potential routes show that the third potential pathway, i.e., methanol firstly activated by [Bmim][FeCl4], has the most probability with the lowest energy barrier, while the second pathway is excluded because the energy barrier is too high. Also, the results illustrate that the solvent effect is beneficial to the reduction of the relative energy for the reaction to form the transition states. Hence, the obtained molecular level information can identify the favorable conversion process catalyzed by metallic ionic liquids to a certain extent, and it is desirable to enhance the utilization of biomass as a ubiquitous feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Wang L, Jing J, Yan H, Tang J, Jia G, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Shang H, Zhao H. Selenium Pretreatment Alleviated LPS-Induced Immunological Stress Via Upregulation of Several Selenoprotein Encoding Genes in Murine RAW264.7 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:505-513. [PMID: 29671252 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to profile selenoprotein encoding genes in mouse RAW264.7 cells upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and integrate their roles into immunological regulation in response to selenium (Se) pretreatment. LPS was used to develop immunological stress in macrophages. Cells were pretreated with different levels of Se (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 μmol Se/L) for 2 h, followed by LPS (100 ng/mL) stimulation for another 3 h. The mRNA expression of 24 selenoprotein encoding genes and 9 inflammation-related genes were investigated. The results showed that LPS (100 ng/mL) effectively induced immunological stress in RAW264.7 cells with induced inflammation cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, mRNA expression, and cellular secretion. LPS increased (P < 0.05) mRNA profiles of 9 inflammation-related genes in cells, while short-time Se pretreatment modestly reversed (P < 0.05) the LPS-induced upregulation of 7 genes (COX-2, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, iNOS, and MCP-1) and further increased (P < 0.05) expression of IFN-β and TNF-α in stressed cells. Meanwhile, LPS decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of 18 selenoprotein encoding genes and upregulated mRNA levels of TXNRD1 and TXNRD3 in cells. Se pretreatment recovered (P < 0.05) expression of 3 selenoprotein encoding genes (GPX1, SELENOH, and SELENOW) in a dose-dependent manner and increased (P < 0.05) expression of another 5 selenoprotein encoding genes (SELENOK, SELENOM, SELENOS, SELENOT, and TXNRD2) only at a high level (2.0 μmol Se/L). Taken together, LPS-induced immunological stress in RAW264.7 cells accompanied with the global downregulation of selenoprotein encoding genes and Se pretreatment alleviated immunological stress via upregulation of a subset of selenoprotein encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiong Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinzhong Jing
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Shang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Arulselvan P, Tan WS, Gothai S, Muniandy K, Fakurazi S, Esa NM, Alarfaj AA, Kumar SS. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Moringa oleifera in Downregulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111452. [PMID: 27809259 PMCID: PMC6273666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, we prepared four different solvent fractions (chloroform, hexane, butanol, and ethyl acetate) of Moringa oleifera extract to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential and cellular mechanism of action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Cell cytotoxicity assay suggested that the solvent fractions were not cytotoxic to macrophages at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner and was more effective than the other fractions. Immunoblot observations revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction effectively inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators including cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 through suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, it upregulated the expression of the inhibitor of κB (IκBα) and blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These findings indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. oleifera exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages via suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Woan Sean Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sivapragasam Gothai
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Katyakyini Muniandy
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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13
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Hwang YJ, Lee SJ, Park JY, Chun W, Nam SJ, Park JM, Park SC, Choi DH, Kang CD. Apocynin Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses Through the Inhibition of MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:271-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Kangwon National University School of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Sung Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine; Kangwon National University School of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine; Kangwon National University School of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Jin Myung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine; Kangwon National University School of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine; Kangwon National University School of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Dae Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine; Kangwon National University School of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Chang Don Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Kangwon National University School of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
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Lee AY, Kang S, Park SJ, Huang J, Im DS. Anti-Allergic Effect of Oroxylin A from Oroxylum indicum Using in vivo and in vitro Experiments. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:283-90. [PMID: 27133260 PMCID: PMC4859791 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum has long been used in Asian traditional medicine to prevent and treat respiratory diseases, diabetes, diarrhea and other conditions. Oroxylin A is a flavone that is present in Oroxylum indicum and in Scutellaria baicalensis. Because the root extracts of both plants have been shown to have anti-allergic effects, the authors investigated whether oroxylin A is likely to have beneficial effects on allergic asthma using female Balb/c mice and rat RBL-2H3 mast cells. Antigen-induced degranulation was measured in vitro by measuring β-hexosaminidase activity. A murine ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model was used to test the in vivo efficacy of oroxylin A. Sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin induced allergic asthma responses, the accumulations of eosinophils and Th2 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. Oroxylin A administration decreased numbers of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and reduced the expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histologic studies showed oroxylin A reduced inflammatory signs and mucin production in lungs. These findings provide evidence that oroxylin A has potential use as an anti-allergic therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Yeon Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeromi Kang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Huang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lee KP, Kang S, Park SJ, Kim JM, Lee JM, Lee AY, Chung HY, Choi YW, Lee YG, Im DS. Anti-allergic effect of α-cubebenoate isolated from Schisandra chinensis using in vivo and in vitro experiments. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:361-369. [PMID: 26253578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY In Oriental countries, the dried fruits of Schisandra chinensis are extensively used in traditional medicine to treat asthma, gonorrhea, and other diseases. Recently, α-cubebenoate was isolated as an anti-inflammatory component from Schisandra chinensis. In the present study, the authors examined the anti-allergic effect of α-cubebenoate using in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS α-Cubebenoate was isolated from an extract of Schisandra chinensis fruits. Antigen-induced degranulation and Ca(2+) mobilization were measured in RBL-2H3 mast cells. In addition, BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide, and then challenged with ovalbumin for three consecutive days. α-Cubebenoate (1mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30min before each ovalbumin challenge. RESULTS In RBL-2H3 mast cells, α-cubebenoate inhibited antigen-induced degranulation and increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations. In the ovalbumin-induced asthma model, α-cubebenoate suppressed bronchiolar structural changes induced by ovalbumin challenge. Furthermore, α-cubebenoate strongly inhibited accumulations of eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. α-Cubebenoate also suppressed Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) and TGF-β1 in lung tissues and in immune cells at the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION α-Cubebenoate has an inhibitory effect on allergic inflammation and could be utilized as an agent for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Pil Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeromi Kang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Yeon Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Mirynang-si, Gyeongsangnam 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Mirynang-si, Gyeongsangnam 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate induced anti-atherogenic and atheroprotective M2 macrophage polarization through IL-4. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2249-58. [PMID: 25035231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been implicated in anti-atherogenic properties of high-density lipoproteins. However, the roles and signaling of S1P in macrophages, the main contributor to atherosclerosis, have not been well studied. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotypes may influence the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of S1P on macrophage phenotypes, especially on M2 polarization and its signaling in relation to the anti-atherogenic properties of S1P. It was found that S1P induced anti-inflammatory M2 polarization via IL-4 secretion and its signaling, and induced IL-4Rα and IL-2Rγ. In addition, down-stream signalings, such as, stat-6 phosphorylation, SOCS1 induction, and SOCS3 suppression were also observed in macrophages in response to S1P. Furthermore, S1P-induced ERK activation, and the inhibitions of p38 MAPK and JNK were found to be key signals for IL-4 induction. Moreover, the anti-atherogenic effect of S1P in HDL was confirmed by the observation that oxidized LDL-induced lipid accumulation was attenuated in S1P-treated M2 macrophages. Furthermore, the atheroprotective effect of S1P was demonstrated by its anti-apoptotic effect on S1P-treated macrophages. The present study shows that S1P-induced M2 polarization of macrophages could be mediated via IL-4 signaling, and suggests that M2 polarization by S1P is responsible for the anti-atherogenic and atheroprotective properties of high-density lipoproteins in vivo.
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17
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Vo VA, Lee JW, Park JH, Kwon JH, Lee HJ, Kim SS, Kwon YS, Chun W. N-(p-Coumaryol)-Tryptamine Suppresses the Activation of JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway in LPS-Challenged RAW264.7 Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:200-6. [PMID: 25009700 PMCID: PMC4060082 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-(p-Coumaryol) tryptamine (CT), a phenolic amide, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the underlying mechanism by which CT exerts its pharmacological properties has not been clearly demonstrated. The objective of this study is to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CT in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged RAW264.7 macrophage cells. CT significantly inhibited LPS-induced extracellular secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2, and protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2. In addition, CT significantly suppressed LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. To elucidate the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of CT, involvement of MAPK and Akt signaling pathways was examined. CT significantly attenuated LPS-induced activation of JNK/c-Jun, but not ERK and p38, in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, CT appeared to suppress LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation. However, JNK inhibition, but not Akt inhibition, resulted in the suppression of LPS-induced responses, suggesting that JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway significantly contributes to LPS-induced inflammatory responses and that LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation might be a compensatory response to a stress condition. Taken together, the present study clearly demonstrates CT exerts anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Anh Vo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Jun-Ho Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Jae-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
- Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
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