1
|
Das G, Shin HS, Leyva-Gómez G, Prado-Audelo MLD, Cortes H, Singh YD, Panda MK, Mishra AP, Nigam M, Saklani S, Chaturi PK, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma V, Garg N, Sharma R, Patra JK. Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:602364. [PMID: 33628175 PMCID: PMC7898063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.602364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, interest in the Cordyceps genus has amplified due to its immunostimulatory potential. Cordyceps species, its extracts, and bioactive constituents have been related with cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, phagocytosis stimulation of immune cells, nitric oxide production by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, and stimulation of inflammatory response via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Other pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-cancer, antihyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, vasorelaxation, anti-depressant, aphrodisiac, and kidney protection, has been reported in pre-clinical studies. These biological activities are correlated with the bioactive compounds present in Cordyceps including nucleosides, sterols, flavonoids, cyclic peptides, phenolic, bioxanthracenes, polyketides, and alkaloids, being the cyclic peptides compounds the most studied. An organized review of the existing literature was executed by surveying several databanks like PubMed, Scopus, etc. using keywords like Cordyceps, cordycepin, immune system, immunostimulation, immunomodulatory, pharmacology, anti-cancer, anti-viral, clinical trials, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, phytochemical analysis, and different species names. This review collects and analyzes state-of-the-art about the properties of Cordyceps species along with ethnopharmacological properties, application in food, chemical compounds, extraction of bioactive compounds, and various pharmacological properties with a special focus on the stimulatory properties of immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María L. Del Prado-Audelo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yengkhom Disco Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, India
| | - Manasa Kumar Panda
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Sarla Saklani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vineet Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu T, Wang Z, Jie W, Fu X, Li B, Xu H, Liu Y, Li M, Kim E, Yang Y, Cho JY. The kinase inhibitor BX795 suppresses the inflammatory response via multiple kinases. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
3
|
Huh S, Lee S, Choi SJ, Wu Z, Cho JH, Kim L, Shin YS, Kang BW, Kim JG, Liu K, Cho H, Kang H. Quercetin Synergistically Inhibit EBV-Associated Gastric Carcinoma with Ganoderma lucidum Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213834. [PMID: 31653035 PMCID: PMC6864608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotherapy has been shown to improve the overall response rate during cancer treatment and reduce some chemotherapy-related adverse events. Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional mushroom used for pharmaceutical purposes. G. lucidum extracts (GLE) showed potential antitumor activities against several cancers. These tumor inhibitory effects of GLE were attributed to the suppression of the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is defined as the monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection. The inhibitory effects of GLE against EBVaGC are questionable. The aim of this study was to investigate GLE as potential antitumor agents and a counterpart of quercetin (QCT) for the cotreatment in suppressing EBVaGC development. Therefore, this study conducted antitumor assays using a EBVaGC xenograft mice model and found that GLE could suppress tumor development. These inhibitory effects were significantly augmented by the low concentration of the quercetin (QCT) cotreatment in the xenograft mice. The addition of GLE in low concentrations synergistically reinforced QCT-induced apoptosis and EBV lytic reactivation. GLE contains various polysaccharides and triterpenes, such as ganoderic acid. Interestingly, the addition of ganoderic acid A (GAA) could produce similar bioactive effects like GLE in QCT-mediated antitumor activity. The GAA addition in low concentrations synergistically reinforced QCT-induced apoptosis and EBV lytic reactivation. GAA was sufficiently effective as much as GLE. Therefore, our results suggested that QCT-supplemented GLE could be a potential food adjunct for the prevention of EBVaGC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Seulki Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Su Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Zhexue Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jae-Han Cho
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Lina Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Yu Su Shin
- Department of Medical Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Kwanghyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hyosun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Hyojeung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Choi SJ, Ryu E, Lee S, Huh S, Shin YS, Kang BW, Kim JG, Cho H, Kang H. Adenosine Induces EBV Lytic Reactivation through ADORA1 in EBV-Associated Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061286. [PMID: 30875759 PMCID: PMC6471230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps species are known to contain numerous bioactive compounds, including cordycepin. Extracts of Cordyceps militaris (CME) are used in diverse medicinal purposes because of their bioactive components. Cordycepin, one of the active components of CME, exhibits anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Cordycepin structurally differs from adenosine in that its ribose lacks an oxygen atom at the 3′ position. We previously reported that cordycepin suppresses Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) gene expression and lytic replication in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC). However, other studies reported that cordycepin induces EBV gene expression and lytic reactivation. Thus, it was reasonable to clarify the bioactive effects of CME bioactive compounds on the EBV life cycle. We first confirmed that CME preferentially induces EBV gene expression and lytic reactivation; second, we determined that adenosine in CME induces EBV gene expression and lytic reactivation; third, we discovered that the adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1) is required for adenosine to initiate signaling for upregulating BZLF1, which encodes for a key EBV regulator (Zta) of the EBV lytic cycle; finally, we showed that BZLF1 upregulation by adenosine leads to delayed tumor development in the EBVaGC xenograft mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest that adenosine is an EBV lytic cycle inducer that inhibits EBVaGC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Eunhyun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Seulki Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Sora Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Yu Su Shin
- Department of Medical Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology and Cancer Research Institute and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital and Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea.
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology and Cancer Research Institute and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital and Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea.
| | - Hyosun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Hyojeung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jeong SG, Kim S, Kim HG, Kim E, Jeong D, Kim JH, Yang WS, Oh J, Sung GH, Hossain MA, Lee J, Kim JH, Cho JY. Mycetia cauliflora methanol extract exerts anti-inflammatory activity by directly targeting PDK1 in the NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:1-9. [PMID: 30415059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mycetia cauliflora Reinw. (Rubiaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy to ameliorate clinical signs of inflammatory diseases, including pain, inflammation, ulcers, and wounds. Among the Mycetia subfamilies, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of Mycetia longifolia (Rubiaceae) have been studied. However, those of Mycetia cauliflora are not clearly understood. Comprehensive investigation of this plant is necessary to evaluate its potential for ethnopharmacological use. MATERIALS and methods: The activities of Mycetia cauliflora methanol extract (Mc-ME) on the secretion of inflammatory mediators, the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and identification of its molecular targets were elucidated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage-like cells. Moreover, the suppressive actions of Mc-ME were examined in an LPS-induced peritonitis mouse model. RESULTS At nontoxic concentrations, Mc-ME downregulated the release of nitric oxide (NO), the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β from LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. This extract also inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 and the phosphorylation of IκBα, IKK, and AKT. Western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) is the direct immunopharmacological target of Mc-ME effect. In addition, Mc-ME significantly reduced inflammatory signs in an animal model of acute peritonitis. These effects were associated with decreased NO production and decreased AKT phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Mc-ME displays anti-inflammatory actions in LPS-treated macrophage-like cells and in an animal model of acute inflammatory disease. These actions are preferentially managed by targeting PDK1 in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Gu Jeong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Oh
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Piper cubeba L. Methanol Extract Has Anti-Inflammatory Activity Targeting Src/Syk via NF-κB Inhibition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1548125. [PMID: 30713566 PMCID: PMC6333015 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1548125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Piper cubeba L. is a plant in the Piperaceae family that is generally found in tropical countries and acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been fully investigated. In this study, we elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanism by focusing on NF-κB signaling, which is considered a prototypical inflammatory signaling pathway in both innate and adaptive immune functions. Cellular activity and the molecular target of Pc-ME were identified in macrophage RAW264.7 cells and HEK293T cells by assessing NO production, cytokine expression by RT-PCR, luciferase gene reporter assay, and protein regulation in cytoplasm by Western blot upon NF-κB activation. Pc-ME reduced NO production without any cell toxicity; inhibited expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as iNOS and IL-6; downregulated NF-κB activation mediated by both MyD88 and TRIF; and diminished the phosphorylation of IκBα, IKKα/β, Akt, p85, Src, and Syk. Pc-ME inhibited Syk and Src autophosphorylation during overexpression in HEK cells, which confirmed our hypothesis that Syk and Src were signaling targets of Pc-ME. These findings indicate that Piper cubeba L. has anti-inflammatory activity by targeting Src/Syk in the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
|
8
|
Watanabe K, Karuppagounder V, Sreedhar R, Kandasamy G, Harima M, Velayutham R, Arumugam S. Basidiomycetes-X, an edible mushroom, alleviates the development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mouse model. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:322-327. [PMID: 30312598 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Basidiomycetes-X (BDM-X) is a novel edible mushroom recently identified as a new fungi species and is effective against oxidative stress and anti-inflammation associated with immune response. However the effect of BDM-X on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been elucidated. In this study, we have investigated the effect of BDM-X on AD skin lesions in NC/Nga mouse model. AD-like lesion was induced by the application of house dust mite extract (DfE) to the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse. After AD induction, BDM-X was administered once daily for 2 weeks. We have analyzed the effects of BDM-X on dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and changes in inflammatory and proinflammatory proteins expressions in DfE induced AD mice skin. Treatment with BDM-X attenuated the development of AD-like clinical symptoms and effectively inhibited hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis and mast cells in AD mice skin. Furthermore, BDM-X treatment inhibited DfE induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, high mobility group protein (HMG)B1, nuclear factor kappa (NFκ)B and inflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that BDM-X inhibits AD through modulating Th1 and Th2 responses and diminishing the mast cells infiltration in the skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology for Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757, Ichibancho, Asahimachidori, Chuo ku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, 2-16, Kaminoyama, Murakami, Niigata 958-0053, Japan
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Chuilal Bhawan, 168 Manicktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Chuilal Bhawan, 168 Manicktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim E, Kim D, Yoo S, Hong YH, Han SY, Jeong S, Jeong D, Kim JH, Cho JY, Park J. The skin protective effects of compound K, a metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:218-224. [PMID: 29719469 PMCID: PMC5925615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound K (CK) is a ginsenoside, a metabolite of Panax ginseng. There is interest both in increasing skin health and antiaging using natural skin care products. In this study, we explored the possibility of using CK as a cosmetic ingredient. METHODS To assess the antiaging effect of CK, RT-PCR was performed, and expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and type I collagen were measured under UVB irradiation conditions. The skin hydrating effect of CK was tested by RT-PCR, and its regulation was explored through immunoblotting. Melanin content, melanin secretion, and tyrosinase activity assays were performed. RESULTS CK treatment reduced the production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in UVB irradiated NIH3T3 cells and recovered type I collagen expression level. Expression of skin hydrating factors-filaggrin, transglutaminase, and hyaluronic acid synthases-1 and -2-were augmented by CK and were modulated through the inhibitor of κBα, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway. In the melanogenic response, CK did not regulate tyrosinase activity and melanin secretion, but increased melanin content in B16F10 cells was observed. CONCLUSION Our data showed that CK has antiaging and hydrating effects. We suggest that CK could be used in cosmetic products to protect the skin from UVB rays and increase skin moisture level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Material Lab, Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulgi Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggu Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu K, Wang F, Wang W, Dong C. Beauveria bassiana: a new N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine-producing fungus. Mycology 2017; 8:259-266. [PMID: 30123645 PMCID: PMC6059059 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2017.1375040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA), which was the first calcium antagonist derived from biological sources, has been intensively investigated because of its ability to inhibit tumour cell proliferation, restrain inflammation, protect kidneys and function as a sedative and insecticide. Up to now, the production of HEA has been detected only in a few species such as Cordyceps pruinosa, C. militaris and Isaria tenuipes. Here, we found a new HEA-producing fungus, which was identified as Beauveria bassiana based on morphological and phylogenetic characteristics. The HEA production was verified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in this fungus. Moreover, HEA was also detected in the mycelia of two other B. bassiana strains from different origins, but not in the culture medium of all tested B. bassiana strains. The maximum production of HEA (0.8483 ± 0.0439 mg/g mycelia dry weight) was achieved on day 7. The fungal biomass and kinetics of HEA production exhibited similar trends over the duration of the culture period. This is the first report describing HEA production in B. bassiana, which suggests that this fungal strain may have new applications as a source of HEA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuanbo Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor-making and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anticancer Efficacy of Cordyceps militaris Ethanol Extract in a Xenografted Leukemia Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8474703. [PMID: 28761499 PMCID: PMC5518515 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8474703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is used widely as a traditional medicine in East Asia. Although a few studies have attempted to elucidate the anticancer activities of C. militaris, the precise mechanism of C. militaris therapeutic effects is not fully understood. We examined the anticancer activities of C. militaris ethanolic extract (Cm-EE) and its cellular and molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, a xenograft mouse model bearing murine T cell lymphoma (RMA) cell-derived cancers was established to investigate in vivo anticancer mechanisms. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, immunoblotting analysis, and flow cytometric assay were employed to check in vitro cytotoxicity, molecular targets, and proapoptotic action of Cm-EE. Interestingly, cancer sizes and mass were reduced in a C. militaris-administered group. Levels of the phosphorylated forms of p85 and AKT were clearly decreased in the group administered with Cm-EE. This result indicated that levels of phosphoglycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) and cleaved caspase-3 were increased with orally administered Cm-EE. In addition, Cm-EE directly inhibited the viability of cultured RMA cells and C6 glioma cells. The number of proapoptotic cells was significantly increased in a Cm-EE treated group compared with a control group. Our results suggested that C. militaris might be able to inhibit cancer growth through regulation of p85/AKT-dependent or GSK3β-related caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoon DH, Han C, Fang Y, Gundeti S, Han Lee IS, Song WO, Hwang KC, Kim TW, Sung GH, Park H. Inhibitory Activity ofCordyceps bassianaExtract on LPS-induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells by Suppressing NF-κB Activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2017.23.3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deok Hyo Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwoo Han
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanying Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shankariah Gundeti
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Han Lee
- Department of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won O Song
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 404-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 404-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeil Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|