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Therapeutic Strategies for Targeting Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105059. [PMID: 34064635 PMCID: PMC8151268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecological malignancy. Although first-line chemotherapy and surgical operation are effective treatments for ovarian cancer, its clinical management remains a challenge owing to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance and relapse at local or distal lesions. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells inside tumor tissues, and they can self-renew and differentiate. CSCs are responsible for the cancer malignancy involved in relapses as well as resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. These malignant properties of CSCs are regulated by cell surface receptors and intracellular pluripotency-associated factors triggered by internal or external stimuli from the tumor microenvironment. The malignancy of CSCs can be attenuated by individual or combined restraining of cell surface receptors and intracellular pluripotency-associated factors. Therefore, targeted therapy against CSCs is a feasible therapeutic tool against ovarian cancer. In this paper, we review the prominent roles of cell surface receptors and intracellular pluripotency-associated factors in mediating the stemness and malignancy of ovarian CSCs.
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Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Lysophosphatidic Acid Mediates Inflammation by Decreasing the Expression of Liver X Receptor. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1376-1384. [PMID: 32424512 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a ubiquitous phospholipid, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiological process of neurological diseases, which constitute the pathological course after cerebral ischemia. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenic roles of LPA remain elusive. In this study, we evaluated the expression of the liver X receptor (LXR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) by Western blotting, quantified the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and LPA by ELISA, and evaluated apoptosis and infarct by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling) and TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining respectively in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The levels of LPA, an extracellular signaling molecule, increased after ischemia and caused neurological injury effect, decreased the expression level of LXR, and increased the expression level of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) via the NFκB signaling pathway. This elevated LPA-induced pathological process is one of the pathological reactions associated with ischemic brain injury. We present a direct or indirect connection between LPA and LXR in the pathophysiological process. In conclusion, we speculate that the inhibition of LPA generation and administration of LXR agonist may be explored as potential cerebral infarction treatment strategies.
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Kim EJ, Park MK, Kang GJ, Byun HJ, Kim HJ, Yu L, Kim B, Chae HS, Chin YW, Shim JG, Lee H, Lee CH. YDJC Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Escaping from Interaction with CDC16 through Ubiquitination of PP2A. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:3542537. [PMID: 31485224 PMCID: PMC6702825 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3542537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the number 1 cause of cancer-related casualties in the world. Appropriate diagnostic markers and novel targets for lung cancer are needed. Chitooligosaccharide deacetylase homolog (YDJC) catalyzes the deacetylation of acetylated carbohydrates; however, the role of YDJC in lung cancer progression has yet to be studied. A549 lung cancer orthotopic mouse model was used for mice experiments. We found that YDJC overexpression contributes to lung cancer progression in an orthotopic mouse model. Long-term treatment (48 h) induces YDJC expression in sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Gene silencing of YDJC (siYDJC) reduced N-cadherin expression and increased E-cadherin expression in SPC-induced EMT. Overexpression of YDJC reverses them but overexpression of the deacetylase deficient mutant YDJCD13A could not. Interestingly, overexpression of CDC16, a YDJC binding partner, suppressed EMT. ERK2 is activated in siCDC16-induced EMT. YDJC overexpression reduces expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), whereas CDC16 overexpression induces PP2A expression. YDJC overexpression induced ubiquitination of PP2A but YDJCD13A could not. CDC16 overexpression increased the ubiquitination of YDJC. These results suggest that YDJC contributes to the progression of lung cancer via enhancing EMT by inducing the ubiquitination of PP2A. Therefore, YDJC might be a new target for antitumor therapy against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeoung-Jin Kang
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Yu
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gal Shim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Goyang, 04620, Republic of Korea
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Lee HJ, Choi NY, Lee SW, Lee Y, Ko K, Kim GJ, Hwang HS, Ko K. Alteration of Genomic Imprinting Status of Human Parthenogenetic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells during Neural Lineage Differentiation. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:31-42. [PMID: 30836722 PMCID: PMC6457707 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Genomic imprinting modulates growth and development in mammals and is associated with genetic disorders. Although uniparental embryonic stem cells have been used to study genomic imprinting, there is an ethical issue associated with the destruction of human embryos. In this study, to investigate the genomic imprinting status in human neurodevelopment, we used human uniparental induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that possessed only maternal alleles and differentiated into neural cell lineages. Methods Human somatic iPSCs (hSiPSCs) and human parthenogenetic iPSCs (hPgiPSCs) were differentiated into neural stem cells (NSCs) and named hSi-NSCs and hPgi-NSCs respectively. DNA methylation and gene expression of imprinted genes related neurodevelopment was analyzed during reprogramming and neural lineage differentiation. Results The DNA methylation and expression of imprinted genes were altered or maintained after differentiation into NSCs. The imprinting status in NSCs were maintained after terminal differentiation into neurons and astrocytes. In contrast, gene expression was differentially presented in a cell type-specific manner. Conclusions This study suggests that genomic imprinting should be determined in each neural cell type because the genomic imprinting status can differ in a cell type-specific manner. In addition, the in vitro model established in this study would be useful for verifying the epigenetic alteration of imprinted genes which can be differentially changed during neurodevelopment in human and for screening novel imprinted genes related to neurodevelopment. Moreover, the confirmed genomic imprinting status could be used to find out an abnormal genomic imprinting status of imprinted genes related with neurogenetic disorders according to uniparental genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Lee
- Departement of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Young Choi
- Departement of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Wong Lee
- Departement of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yukyeong Lee
- Departement of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Departments of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Jun Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Sung Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Departement of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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