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Guo L, Zhang S, Zhang C, Ren S, Zhou Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Lee WH, Zhu K, Qin D, Gao Y, Sun T. Novel analgesic peptide derived from Cinobufacini injection suppressing inflammation and pain via ERK1/2/COX-2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112918. [PMID: 39159558 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is a chronic pain caused by peripheral tissue inflammation, seriously impacting the patient's life quality. Cinobufacini injection, as a traditional Chinese medicine injection preparation, shows excellent efficacy in anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment in patients with advanced tumors. In this study, a novel analgesic peptide CI5 with anti-inflammatory and analgesic bio-functions that naturally presents in Cinobufacini injection and its regulatory mechanism are reported. Our results showed that the administration of CI5 significantly relieved the pain of mice in the acetic acid twisting analgesic model and formalin inflammatory pain model. Furthermore, CI5 effectively reduced the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and inflammatory mediator (PGE2) expressions, and prevented the carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Further LC-MS/MS results showed the anti-inflammatory and analgesic bio-functions of CI5 depended on its interaction with the Rac-2 protein upstream of ERK1/2 and the inflammatory signaling pathway (ERK1/2/COX-2 axis). In summary, CI5, as a novel natural candidate identified from Cinobufacini injection, showed substantial clinical promise for inflammatory pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Sai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuang Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Fengyuan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yuexuan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yubing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Di Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Tongyi Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Mesogenic Alkyl O-Glycosides and Their Drug Release Studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Minematsu H, Afify SM, Sugihara Y, Hassan G, Zahra MH, Seno A, Adachi M, Seno M. Cancer stem cells induced by chronic stimulation with prostaglandin E2 exhibited constitutively activated PI3K axis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15628. [PMID: 36115905 PMCID: PMC9482612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our group has demonstrated establishment of Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) models from stem cells in the presence of conditioned medium of cancer cell lines. In this study, we tried to identify the factors responsible for the induction of CSCs. Since we found the lipid composition could be traced to arachidonic acid cascade in the CSC model, we assessed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a candidate for the ability to induce CSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Mouse iPSCs acquired the characteristics of CSCs in the presence of 10 ng/mL of PGE2 after 4 weeks. Since constitutive Akt activation and pik3cg overexpression were found in the resultant CSCs, of which growth was found independent of PGE2, chronic stimulation of the receptors EP-2/4 by PGE2 was supposed to induce CSCs from iPSCs through epigenetic effect. The bioinformatics analysis of the next generation sequence data of the obtained CSCs proposed not only receptor tyrosine kinase activation by growth factors but also extracellular matrix and focal adhesion enhanced PI3K pathway. Collectively, chronic stimulation of stem cells with PGE2 was implied responsible for cancer initiation enhancing PI3K/Akt axis.
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Goswami N, Aleem M, Manda K. Intranasal Ketamine for Acute Pain: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Safety Analysis in Mice. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2021; 94:100627. [PMID: 34306267 PMCID: PMC8296084 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2021.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subanesthetic ketamine has been used for treatment-resistant depression and is popular as an opioid-sparing agent. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent antinociceptive effect of intranasal ketamine (INK) along with behavioral and neurophysiological safety in mice. Methods Antinociceptive efficacy was evaluated in the terms of thermal nociceptive response and formalin test. The safety studies were carried out separately in healthy mice using telemetry-based cortical electroencephalography, hemodynamic changes, and spontaneous behavioral functions, including anxiety, stereotypic movement, and locomotor functions. Results INK administration significantly augmented the thermal nociceptive threshold and alleviated the pain response in the tonic phase of the formalin test. The results showed the dose-independent effectiveness of ketamine for thermal nociceptive responses because there were no significant differences among different INK dose groups. Behavioral safety analysis using the open field exploratory test revealed no significant effect of INK on anxiety-like functions in healthy mice. However, INK mice showed significantly more stereotypic movement but slower locomotor activities. The electroencephalography signal power spectrum density analysis revealed no significant changes by INK administration except a lower value in the α range. No significant changes were reported in heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, or systolic blood pressure at the higher dose equivalent used in the pain model. Conclusions The study demonstrated the behavioral and neurophysiological safety of INK, although it had a mild sedative effect. Therefore, INK is suggested as a potentially safe candidate for the management of acute pain. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2021; 82:XXX–XXX) © 2021 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Goswami
- Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Aleem
- Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Kailash Manda
- Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Borna H, Khalili S, Zakeri A, Mard-Soltani M, Akbarzadeh AR, Khalesi B, Payandeh Z. Proposed Multi-linear Regression Model to Identify Cyclooxygenase-2 Selective Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Rangel-Nava A, Ramírez-Uribe JM, Recillas-Morales S, Ibancovichi-Camarillo JA, Venebra-Muñoz A, Sánchez-Aparicio P. Pharmacological Regulation in the USA and Pharmacokinetics Parameters of Firocoxib, a Highly Selective Cox-2, by Pain Management in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 77:36-42. [PMID: 31133314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to conduct a review of the pharmacological regulation and pharmacokinetic parameters of firocoxib when administered orally or intravenously in horses. A search for literature was done in SCOPUS and PubMed for studies that had to evaluate the pharmacological regulation as well as the pharmacokinetic parameters of firocoxib when administered in horses. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretics, and antiendotoxic effects. The newly developed is selective to COX2 characterized by less adverse effects in veterinary patients when administered at the recommended doses and do not exceed the established prescribed time. Firocoxib is authorized by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pain in horses, whereas for humans, there is still no approval. Controversy has arisen because the administration of the same pharmaceutical presentation in horses and dogs has pharmacokinetic differences between animal species. However, special attention must be paid to pharmacokinetic differences between species like in horses and dogs. In the case of the horse, the dosage is 0.1 mg/kg in single dose or up to 14 days in oral paste formulation and can keep maintained on the same concentration for a period of 7-14 days in oral tablet formulation. Thorough knowledge of pharmacological regulations and pharmacokinetic parameters, it allows the posology and effective application of firocoxib in pathologies associated with chronic pain, avoiding the indiscriminate use by owners and in some cases veterinarians, thus reducing the negative impacts on horse's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rangel-Nava
- Student of Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - José Manuel Ramírez-Uribe
- Permited Treating Veterinarian and Official Veterinarian, International Equestrian Federation for Eventing, Endurance and Dresagge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Recillas-Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - José Antonio Ibancovichi-Camarillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Arturo Venebra-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Brain Plasticity and Neurobiology of Adiction, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Pedro Sánchez-Aparicio
- Department of Pharmacology, Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México.
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MacKeith S, Wasson J, Baker C, Guilfoyle M, John D, Donnelly N, Mannion R, Jefferies S, Axon P, Tysome JR. Aspirin does not prevent growth of vestibular schwannomas: A case-control study. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:2139-2144. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel MacKeith
- Department of Otolaryngology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Wasson
- Department of Otolaryngology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Guilfoyle
- Department of Neurosurgery; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Deepa John
- Department of Otolaryngology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Neil Donnelly
- Department of Otolaryngology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mannion
- Department of Neurosurgery; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jefferies
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Axon
- Department of Otolaryngology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - James R. Tysome
- Department of Otolaryngology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge United Kingdom
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Makhdoumi P, Zarghi A, Daraei B, Karimi G. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity Effects of Chalcone Epoxide Analogues as a Selective COX-II Inhibitor in the Human Liver Carcinoma Cell Line. J Pharmacopuncture 2017; 20:207-212. [PMID: 30087797 PMCID: PMC5633673 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2017.20.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Study of the mechanisms involved in cancer progression suggests that cyclooxygenase enzymes play an important role in the induction of inflammation, tumor formation, and metastasis of cancer cells. Thus, cyclooxygenase enzymes could be considered for cancer chemotherapy. Among these enzymes, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is associated with liver carcinogenesis. Various COX-2 inhibitors cause growth inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but many of them act in the COX-2 independent mechanism. Thus, the introduction of selective COX-2 inhibitors is necessary to achieve a clear result. The present study was aimed to determine the growth-inhibitory effects of new analogues of chalcone epoxide as selective COX-2 inhibitors on the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Methods Estimation of both cell growth and the amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were used to study the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell. Cell growth determination has done by MTT assay in 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, and PGE2 production has estimated by using ELYSA kit in 48 h and 72 h. Results The results showed growth inhibition of the HepG2 cell line in a concentration and time-dependent manner, as well as a reduction in the formation of PGE2 as a product of COX-2 activity. Among the compounds those analogues with methoxy and hydrogen group showed more inhibitory effect than others. Conclusion The current in-vitro study indicates that the observed significant growth-inhibitory effect of chalcone-epoxide analogues on the HepG2 cell line may involve COX-dependent mechanisms and the PGE2 pathway parallel to the effect of celecoxib. It can be said that these analogues might be efficient compounds in chemotherapy of COX-2 dependent carcinoma specially preventing and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouran Makhdoumi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Teharn, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Sugino N, Ichinohe T, Takaori-Kondo A, Maekawa T, Miura Y. Pharmacological targeting of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells for the treatment of hematological disorders. Inflamm Regen 2017; 37:7. [PMID: 29259706 PMCID: PMC5725802 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-017-0038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are mainly based on three characteristics: immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, and hematopoietic support. Cell therapy using culture-expanded MSCs is effective in some intractable bone and hemato-immune disorders; however, its efficacy is limited. In this article, we review the previous efforts to improve the clinical outcomes of cell therapy using MSCs for such disorders. We describe pharmacological targeting of endogenous bone marrow-derived MSCs as a crucial quality-based intervention to establish more effective MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sugino
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ichinohe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yasuo Miura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
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Chen J, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Zhu L, Zhang W, DU Y. Efficacy of celecoxib for acute pain management following total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients: A prospective, randomized, placebo-control trial. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:737-742. [PMID: 26622385 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether celecoxib is able to ameliorate pain intensity, provide a narcotic-sparing effect, achieve early ambulation and improve rehabilitation following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients. Peri- and post-operative oral celecoxib was administered to verify the efficacy of celecoxib for acute pain management in a multimodal analgesic strategy. All 64 eligible patients were randomly allocated to either the celecoxib group, who took an oral 400 mg capsule of celecoxib peri-operatively and 200 mg per 12 h post-operatively for the first 5 days, or the control group, who were orally treated with a placebo capsule having the same appearance. A multimodal analgesic technique was used in which oral celecoxib or placebo capsule was combined with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine pump for peri- and post-operative pain management. Pain assessments were recorded at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, and 7 and 14 days after THA using the visual analog scale (VAS). PCA morphine consumption; 6, 12, 24 and 48-h post-operative Harris hip score (HHS); time interval until initial ambulation; rates of urinary retention and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) within 72 h; and intra- and post-operative blood loss were also documented. The celecoxib and control groups comprised 34 and 30 patients, respectively. Baseline demographics were comparable between the two groups. The post-operative VAS in the celecoxib group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after THA. The post-operative HHS had no significant difference between the two groups, while the time interval until initial ambulation in the celecoxib group (4.5±1.2 days) was significantly less than that in the control group (5.83±2.04 days; P<0.05). Morphine consumption was significantly decreased in the celecoxib group when compared with the control group at 6, 12, 24 and 24 h. Although the 72-h post-operative rates of urinary retention and PONV were lower in the celecoxib group than in the control group, there were no significant differences in these rates between the two groups. The intra- or post-operative blood loss was not significantly different between groups. In conclusion, pre-and post-operative oral celecoxib in a multimodal analgesic strategy can achieve favorable pain relief, reduce opioid consumption, and provide earlier ambulation and improved rehabilitation when compared with PCA morphine alone following THA in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Orthopedic Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Orthopedic Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- Orthopedic Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Orthopedic Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Orthopedic Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing DU
- Orthopedic Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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Peura DA, Wilcox CM. Aspirin and Proton Pump Inhibitor Combination Therapy for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Barrett's Esophagus. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:87-96. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.01.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Alanazi AM, El-Azab AS, Al-Suwaidan IA, ElTahir KEH, Asiri YA, Abdel-Aziz NI, Abdel-Aziz AAM. Structure-based design of phthalimide derivatives as potential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors: anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 92:115-23. [PMID: 25549551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A group of 30 cyclic imides (1-10a-c) was designed for evaluation as a selective COX-2 inhibitor and investigated in vivo for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Compounds 6a, 6b, 7a and 7b exhibit optimal COX-2 inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.18, 0.24, 0.28 and 0.36 μM; respectively) and selectivity index (SI) range of 363-668. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition structure-activity studies identified compound 6a as a highly potent (IC50 = 0.18 μM), and an extremely selective [COX-2 (SI) = 668] comparable to celecoxib [COX-2 (SI) > 384], COX-2 inhibitor that showed superior anti-inflammatory activity (ED50 = 54.0 mg/kg) relative to diclofenac (ED50 = 114 mg/kg). Molecular Docking study of the synthesized compound 6a into the active site of COX-2 revealed a similar binding mode to SC-558, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Docking study showed that the methoxy moeities of 6a inserted deep inside the 2°-pocket of the COX-2 active site, where the O-atoms of such groups underwent an H-bonding interaction with His(90) (3.02 Å), Arg(513) (1.94, 2.83 Å), and Gln(192) (3.25 Å).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel S El-Azab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Al-Suwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Eldin H ElTahir
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif A Asiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Jacobo-Herrera NJ, Pérez-Plasencia C, Camacho-Zavala E, González GF, Urrutia EL, García-Castillo V, Zentella-Dehesa A. Clinical evidence of the relationship between aspirin and breast cancer risk (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 32:451. [PMID: 24927467 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for new therapeutic alternatives against cancer, either as a preventive treatment or for advanced stages, it is common to appeal to well-known drugs used for the treatment of other diseases that may interfere with the metabolic pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display anticancer activity through the inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme, triggering processes such as apoptosis, a reduction in proliferation and inhibition of carcinogenesis. Breast cancer is a neoplasm with the highest incidence and mortality rate among young women worldwide. Epidemiologic data have shown that drugs such as NSAIDs, particularly aspirin, reduce the relative risk of breast cancer. However, in the subgroup of responsive patients, dose, time and frequency of use have not yet been established. Here, we review the reports published during the last 10 years regarding the relationship between breast cancer and aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia J Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', Tlalpan 14000, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Biomedicina FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Camacho-Zavala
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', Tlalpan 14000, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Gabriela Figueroa González
- Unidad de Biomedicina FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Eduardo López Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Unidad de Biomedicina FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', Tlalpan 14000, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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Aspirin Intake Correlates With Halted Growth of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma In Vivo. Otol Neurotol 2014; 35:353-7. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Attenuation of Proinflammatory Responses by S-[6]-Gingerol via Inhibition of ROS/NF-Kappa B/COX2 Activation in HuH7 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:146142. [PMID: 23843863 PMCID: PMC3697228 DOI: 10.1155/2013/146142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Hepatic inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. S-[6]-Gingerol has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Important inflammatory mediators of interleukins include nuclear factor κ B (NF κ B) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). We now explore the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects of S-[6]-gingerol in liver cells. Methods. HuH7 cells were stimulated with IL1β to establish an in vitro hepatic inflammatory model. Results. S-[6]-Gingerol attenuated IL1β-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in HuH7 cells, as evidenced by decreasing mRNA levels of inflammatory factor IL6, IL8, and SAA1, suppression of ROS generation, and increasing mRNA levels of DHCR24. In addition, S-[6]-gingerol reduced IL1β-induced COX2 upregulation as well as NF κ B activity. Similar to the protective effects of S-[6]-gingerol, both NS-398 (a selective COX2 inhibitor) and PDTC (a selective NF κ B inhibitor) suppressed mRNA levels of IL6, IL8, and SAA1. Importantly, PDTC attenuated IL1β-induced overexpression of COX2. Of particular note, the protective effect of S-[6]-gingerol against the IL1β-induced inflammatory response was similar to that of BHT, an ROS scavenger. Conclusions. The findings of this study demonstrate that S-[6]-gingerol protects HuH7 cells against IL1β-induced inflammatory insults through inhibition of the ROS/NF κ B/COX2 pathway.
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New quinazolinone–pyrimidine hybrids: Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenicity studies. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 53:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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El-Sayed MAA, Abdel-Aziz NI, Abdel-Aziz AAM, El-Azab AS, ElTahir KE. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study of pyrazole and pyrazoline derivatives as selective COX-2 inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents. Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3306-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abdel-Aziz AAM, ElTahir KEH, Asiri YA. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity and COX-1/COX-2 inhibition of novel substituted cyclic imides. Part 1: Molecular docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1648-55. [PMID: 21388719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A group of cyclic imides (1-13) was designed for evaluation as selective COX-2 inhibitors and investigated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory activities using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Compounds 5b, 6b, 11b, 11c, 12b and 12c were proved to be potent COX-2 inhibitors with IC50 range of 0.1-1.0 μM. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition structure-activity studies identified compound 5b as a highly potent (IC50=0.1 μM), and an extremely selective [COX-2 (SI)=400] comparable to celecoxib [COX-2 (SI)>333.3], COX-2 inhibitor that showed superior anti-inflammatory activity (ED50=104 mg/kg) relative to diclofenac (ED50=114 mg/kg). A Virtual screening was carried out through docking the designed compounds into the COX-2 binding site to predict if these compounds have analogous binding mode to the COX-2 inhibitors. Molecular modeling (docking) study showed that the CH3O substituents of 5b inserted deep inside the 2°-pocket of the COX-2 active site, where the O-atoms of such group underwent a H-bonding interaction with His90 (2.43, 2.83 Å), Arg513 (2.89 Å) and Tyr355 (3.34 Å). Docking study of the synthesized compound 5b into the active site of COX-2 revealed a similar binding mode to SC-558, a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Historic advances in combat prehospital care have been made in the last decade. Unlike other areas of critical care, most of these innovations are not the result of significant improvements in technology, but by conceptual changes in how care is delivered in a tactical setting. The new concept of Tactical Combat Casualty Care has revolutionized the management of combat casualties in the prehospital tactical setting. DISCUSSION The Tactical Combat Casualty Care concept recognizes the unique epidemiologic and tactical considerations of combat care and that simply extrapolating civilian care concepts to the battlefield are insufficient. SUMMARY This article examines the most recent and salient advances that have occurred in battlefield prehospital care driven by our ongoing combat experience in the Iraq and Afghanistan and the evolution around the Tactical Combat Casualty Care concept.
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The role of cyclooxygenase-2/prostanoid pathway in visceral pain induced liver stress response in rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200710020-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Kvaternick V, Pollmeier M, Fischer J, Hanson PD. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of orally administered firocoxib, a novel second generation coxib, in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:208-17. [PMID: 17472652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of firocoxib, a novel second generation coxib, in horses. Horses were administered either a single oral or intravenous dose of firocoxib at 0.1 mg/kg in a two-period crossover study with 12 animals. The dosage was based on previously determined pharmacodynamic parameters. Oral firocoxib was well absorbed with an average bioavailability (absolute) of 79% and a Cmax of 75 ng/mL at 3.9 h. The average elimination half-life was 30 h. Following intravenous administration the average Cmax was 210 ng/mL and the elimination half-life was 34 h. The area under the curve [AUC(0-tlast)] was 1.8 microg.h/mL for the oral dose and 2.3 microg.h/mL for the intravenous dose. Firocoxib was widely distributed with a volume of distribution value of 1.7 L/kg for the intravenous dose. Biotransformation of firocoxib was via dealkylation and glucuronidation to inactive metabolites, namely descyclopropylmethylfirocoxib and its glucuronide conjugate. Urinary excretion was the major route of elimination, and the clearance rate was 37 mL/h/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kvaternick
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Merial Limited, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.
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Newcomb W, Lincourt A, Hope W, Schmelzer T, Sing R, Kercher K, Heniford BT. Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Local Anesthetic and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Postoperative Pain Management after Laparoscopic Surgery. Am Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480707300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the open approach, laparoscopy has been shown to significantly reduce postoperative pain. Improving postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic surgery is an area of continued interest. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of local anesthetic infiltration with or without preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in an Institutional Review Board-approved, prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison study. Patients were randomized into four groups: Group I, preoperative oral administration of a placebo medication and prein cision local infiltration of 40 mL of 0.5 per cent bupivicaine at trocar sites; Group II, preoperative oral administration of 50 mg of rofecoxib; Group III, preoperative oral administration of 50 mg of rofecoxib and preincision local infiltration of 40 mL of 0.5 per cent bupivicaine into skin, muscle, and peritoneum; and Group IV, preoperative oral administration of a placebo medication. Postoperative pain scores were assessed at 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours using a visual analog scale. Postoperative analgesic use, complications, and length of stay were recorded. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Fifty-five patients (46 women and 9 men) were enrolled in this study and underwent a standardized, elective, laparoscopic cholecystectomy for mild, symptomatic cholelithiasis (96.4%) and gallbladder polyps (3.6%). No patient had pain immediately before surgery. Postoperative analgesic requests, visual analog scale results, incidence of postoperative vomiting at 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours, in addition to length of stay, were not statistically different between the four groups. No complications occurred. The use of preoperative rofecoxib, 0.5 per cent bupivicaine infiltration, or both for postoperative analgesia did not decrease postoperative pain or decrease length of stay after laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with placebo. Preoperative administration of an oral anti-inflammatory pain medication, infiltration of a local anesthetic, or both had no greater effect than placebo in controlling discomfort after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The challenge of preempting postoperative pain continues and will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Newcomb
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Amy Lincourt
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - William Hope
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Schmelzer
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Ronald Sing
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Kent Kercher
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - B. Todd Heniford
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Khan AA, Iadarola M, Yang HYT, Dionne RA. Expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in a clinical model of acute inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2007; 8:349-54. [PMID: 17270500 PMCID: PMC2766840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cyclooxygenase (COX) plays an important role in the induction of pain and inflammation as well as the analgesic actions of NSAIDs and coxibs. This study evaluates the expression of the two isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 in a clinical model in which the surgical removal of impacted third molars is used to evaluate the analgesic activity of anti-inflammatory drugs. A 3-mm punch biopsy was performed on the oral mucosa overlying 1 impacted third molar immediately before extraction of 2 impacted lower third molars. After the second tooth was extracted, a second biopsy was performed adjacent to the surgical site either immediately after surgery or 30, 60, or 120 minutes after surgery. RNA was extracted from the biopsy specimens, and RT-PCR was performed to assess mRNA levels of COX-1, COX-2, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH). The RT-PCR products in the biopsy specimens were normalized to G3PDH and compared with baseline. COX-2 mRNA was progressively increased at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after surgery (P<.05); COX-1 mRNA was transiently decreased at 60 minutes during the postsurgical period (P<.05). The results demonstrate peripheral elevation of COX-2 after tissue injury, which may contribute to increased prostaglandin E(2) at the site of injury, pain onset, and the analgesic activity of both nonselective NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors. PERSPECTIVE This clinical study uses a physiologically relevant model to determine the time course of expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in acute inflammation of the human oral mucosa. This study furthers our understanding of the contribution of the COX isoforms to acute pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma A. Khan
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
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Laan W, Selten JP, Kahn RS, Huisman AM, Heijnen CJ, Grobbee DE, Burger H. Acetylsalicylic acid as an adjuvant therapy for schizophrenia. Trials 2006; 7:31. [PMID: 17059588 PMCID: PMC1626076 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-7-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Findings from both epidemiological and basic research point to the possibility that NSAIDS impede the deterioration in schizophrenia. Methods To study the efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid we will perform a randomized placebo controlled double-blind add-on trial of 80 inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder. Patients will be 1:1 randomized to either 3 months 1000 mg acetylsalicylic acid per day or 3 months placebo, in addition to their regular antipsychotic treatment. All patients will receive pantoprazole treatment for gastroprotection. The outcomes of this study are 3-month change in psychotic and negative symptom severity, cognitive function, and several immunological parameters. This trial may (1) yield a new (adjuvant) therapy for schizophrenia and (2) add to the knowledge on the pathogenesis of this major psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijnand Laan
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Margriet Huisman
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert Burger
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Puhlmann U, Schäfer D, Ziemann C. Update on COX-2 inhibitor patents with a focus on optimised formulation and therapeutic scope of drug combinations making use of COX-2 inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.4.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Michaux C, Charlier C, Julémont F, de Leval X, Dogné JM, Pirotte B, Durant F. A new potential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, pyridinic analogue of nimesulide. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:1316-24. [PMID: 16225966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Revised: 08/14/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the binding mode of original pyridinic compounds structurally related to nimesulide, a preferential cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, is analyzed by docking simulations in order to understand structure-activity relationships of this family. Structural modifications are proposed to reverse the selectivity of the more active inhibitor of the series characterized by a preferential activity on COX-1. On the basis of these modifications, a new compound with a bromo substituent was designed and showed a COX-2 selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Michaux
- Laboratoire Chimie Biologique Structurale, Facultés Universitaires N.-D. de la Paix, 61, rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Krotz F, Schiele TM, Klauss V, Sohn HY. Selective COX-2 inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction. J Vasc Res 2005; 42:312-24. [PMID: 15976506 DOI: 10.1159/000086459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, 'coxibs') are highly effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs that exert their action by preventing the formation of prostanoids. Recently some coxibs, which were designed to exploit the advantageous effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs while evading their side effects, have been reported to increase the risk of myo cardial infarction and atherothrombotic events. This has led to the withdrawal of rofecoxib from global markets, and warnings have been issued by drug authorities about similar events during the use of celecoxib or valdecoxib/parecoxib, bringing about questions of an inherent atherothrombotic risk of all coxibs and consequences that should be drawn by health care professionals. These questions need to be addressed in light of the known effects of selective inhibition of COX-2 on the cardiovascular system. Although COX-2, in contrast to the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoform, is regarded as an inducible enzyme that only has a role in pathophysiological processes like pain and inflammation, experimental and clinical studies have shown that COX-2 is constitutively expressed in tissues like the kidney or vascular endothelium, where it executes important physiological functions. COX-2-dependent formation of prostanoids not only results in the mediation of pain or inflammatory signals but also in the maintenance of vascular integrity. Especially prostacyclin (PGI(2)), which exerts vasodilatory and antiplatelet properties, is formed to a significant extent by COX-2, and its levels are reduced to less than half of normal when COX-2 is inhibited. This review outlines the rationale for the development of selective COX-2 inhibitors and the pathophysiological consequences of selective inhibition of COX-2 with special regard to vasoactive prostaglandins. It describes coxibs that are current ly available, evaluates the current knowledge on the risk of atherothrombotic events associated with their intake and critically discusses the consequences that should be drawn from these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krotz
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Polyclinic, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Armstrong PJ, Franklin DP, Carey DJ, Elmore JR. Suppression of experimental aortic aneurysms: comparison of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Ann Vasc Surg 2005; 19:248-57. [PMID: 15770365 DOI: 10.1007/s10016-004-0174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rat model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with inflammation, destruction of extracellular matrix, and production of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Indomethacin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, may prevent AAA formation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. We hypothesized that indomethacin, rofecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor), and 1400 W (selective iNOS activity inhibitor) would decrease aneurysm formation in the rat model. Forty-six male Wistar rats underwent intraaortic elastase infusion in two parallel studies based on medication delivery route. Sixteen rats were randomized to rofecoxib or water by gastric lavage. Thirty rats were randomized to subcutaneous saline, indomethacin, or 1400 W. Heart rate, blood pressure and aortic diameters were measured. Western Blot and mRNA analysis for MMP-9 and iNOS was performed on postoperative day 7 aortic segments. Elastin degradation and inflammation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Elastase infusion produced AAA in all rats. 1400 W significantly limited aneurysm expansion (p = 0.01) whereas treatment with indomethacin and rofecoxib did not. Only 1400 W significantly increased blood pressure (p < 0.001). Indomethacin alone statistically decreased MMP-9 (p < 0.011). 1400 W resulted in greater conservation of aortic elastin than indomethacin (p = 0.025). All groups demonstrated statistically similar expression of iNOS. In conclusion, selective iNOS activity inhibitor, 1400 W, significantly decreased aneurysm size and preserved aortic elastin without altering MMP-9 levels. Indomethacin significantly decreased MMP-9 expression without decreasing aneurysm size. Rofecoxib did not significantly decrease MMP-9 expression or aneurysm size. Inhibition of iNOS limits aneurysmal expansion by mechanisms other than MMP-9 inhibition. MMP-9 inhibition by indomethacin is not sufficient to limit aneurysm expansion in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Armstrong
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822-2150, USA
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Wedmore IS, Johnson T, Czarnik J, Hendrix S. Pain management in the wilderness and operational setting. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2005; 23:585-601, xi-xii. [PMID: 15829399 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2004.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The wilderness and operational setting places unique constraints on one's ability to treat pain. In this article we will discuss methods for treating pain both in the wilderness and operational setting. By operational we mean the austere deployed military setting, to include both noncombat and combat operations. The authors combined experience with wartime trauma pain management consists of experience in Operation "Just Cause" (Panama Invasion), Operation "Desert Storm" (Persian Gulf War), Operation "Uphold Democracy" (Haiti liberation), Operation "Enduring Freedom" (Afghanistan conflict), and Operation "Iraqi Freedom" (Iraq conflict).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Wedmore
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Ft. Lewis, WA 98431, USA.
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Datar PA, Coutinho EC. A CoMFA study of COX-2 inhibitors with receptor based alignment. J Mol Graph Model 2004; 23:239-51. [PMID: 15530820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2004.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A diverse set of 53 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors which were aligned in two different ways were subjected to CoMFA analysis. The first method of alignment of the molecules was based on the binding information sourced from the crystallographic study, from which CoMFA Model 1 was derived. The second mode of alignment was generated by docking the inhibitors in the binding pocket using the DOCK and AFFINITY suite of programs; this gave a second model. The CoMFA Model 2 was slightly better than Model 1 in terms of the statistical parameters r(2) and q(2). The two models could predict very well the activity of a test set of diverse molecules, with a predictive r(2) of 0.593 and 0.768, respectively. Besides the QSAR results, the docking studies give a deep insight into the H-bonding interactions between the inhibitors and residues in the active site of the enzyme, which can be exploited in designing better inhibitors. Useful ideas on activity improvement could be gleaned from these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna A Datar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400 098, India
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Yousfi MM, De Petris G, Leighton JA, Sharma VK, Pockaj BA, Jaroszewski DE, Heigh RI, Ramzan NN, Fleischer DE. Diaphragm disease after use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: first report of diagnosis with capsule endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 38:686-91. [PMID: 15319653 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000135367.66159.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Diaphragm disease of the small intestine is part of the spectrum of diseases associated with injury to the gastrointestinal tract induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Standard endoscopy or contrast studies of the small intestine rarely identify these lesions. The diagnosis usually is established at the time of surgery. We report the case of a 72-year-old woman with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and intermittent obstruction of the small intestine who had had multiple hospitalizations and extensive testing. The patient had been treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis. A radiograph of the small intestine with barium contrast revealed no abnormalities, so capsule endoscopy was performed. Capsule endoscopy showed multiple small intestinal strictures beyond which the capsule could not pass. After the patient experienced continued symptoms suggestive of intermittent partial obstruction of the small intestine, computed tomography showed the capsule within a dilated loop of intestine adjacent to a stricture. After 9 days of conservative medical therapy and worsening symptoms, the patient required an exploratory laparotomy. The capsule was located in a 12-cm segment of intestine with 4 diaphragm-like lesions. Pathologic study found submucosal lesions with features identical to those of neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma (eg, mature, reactive tissue elements of smooth muscle, dense fibrous tissue, and nerve tissue bundles with scattered ganglion cells and vessels). No manifestations of Crohn disease were evident. This case represents the first diagnosis with capsule endoscopy of diaphragm disease of the small intestine with pathologic features of neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Yousfi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
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Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors (COXIB or CSI) have been released with a fanfare as efficacious and safer alternatives to traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They purport to offer equivalent degrees of analgesia and an improved safety profile. COXIB currently available in Australasia are celecoxib (Celebrex), rofecoxib (Vioxx) and etoricoxib (Arcoxia). This review discusses the pharmacology of these agents and reviews recent literature regarding their effectiveness and safety. It endeavours to answer the question 'Should we be using COXIB in emergency departments in Australasia'?
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Wilton
- Emergency Department, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Cycloocygenases 2 (COX2)-prostanoid pathway plays important and complex roles in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Most studies indicated that COX2-prostanoid pathway might suppress hepatic fibrogenesis by decreasing proliferation, migration, and contractility of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In animal model, COX2-prostanoid pathway increases portal hypertension, which can be reduced by treatment with COX2 inhibitor. In cirrhosis, COX2-prostanoid pathway may reduce formation of ascites by enhancing free water excretion, and protect gastric mucosa from ulcerative insults. Aberrant expression of COX2 has been well associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. COX2 inhibitors can effectively suppress proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This provided rationale for further testing COX2 inhibitors as clinical agents for HCC chemoprovention. Further studies will be needed to examine how COX2 inhibitors affect pathogenesis of various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Verrico MM, Weber RJ, McKaveney TP, Ansani NT, Towers AL. Adverse Drug Events Involving COX-2 Inhibitors. Ann Pharmacother 2003; 37:1203-13. [PMID: 12921500 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1a212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the types and severity of adverse drug-related events (ADEs) observed in patients receiving cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and to increase the awareness of risk factors that predispose patients to ADEs associated with COX-2 inhibitors. METHODS A review of ADEs reported at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital (UPMC-P) revealed significant events related to use of celecoxib or rofecoxib. A query of the internal ADE database was performed to identify ADEs involving COX-2 inhibitors from January 1999 to June 2002. A similar query was performed to identify ADEs involving nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reported during this same time period. Utilization data were also collected. RESULTS Forty-eight ADEs involving 24 patients receiving COX-2 inhibitors were reported and validated via the UPMC-P ADE review process compared with 38 events in 33 patients receiving nonselective NSAIDs. The types of ADEs reported as related to COX-2 inhibitors were similar to those reported in association with nonselective NSAIDs. Forty-two percent of ADEs (n = 20) involving COX-2 inhibitors and 45% of events (n = 17) involving nonselective NSAIDs were classified as severe. All patients receiving COX-2 inhibitors and 91% of patients receiving nonselective NSAIDs exhibited risk factors that increased their risk to experience an ADE; all but 1 of these patients were receiving outpatient COX-2 inhibitor therapy. CONCLUSIONS The observed ADEs involving COX-2 inhibitors were similar to those associated with nonselective NSAIDs. Most events may have been preventable, highlighting the need for education regarding the appropriate use of COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Verrico
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, School of Pharmacy, and Drug Information Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261-0001, USA.
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Abstract
NSAIDs are one of most frequently prescribed agents in clinical practice. Whereas hepatotoxicity is a rare complication of most NSAIDs (typically 1 to 10 per 100,000 persons exposed), the high level of usage means that these drugs cause liver disease. Because of their divergent chemical structures, the mechanisms and clinicopathological manifestations of hepatotoxicity vary widely. The reactive metabolite syndrome, in which serious rash, eosinophilia, and other forms of tissue injury are common, may be incited by several NSAIDs, including newer agents. Women, people aged more than 50 years, and for some drugs, the type of arthritis, may be risk factors for drug-induced liver injury. The spectrum of NSAID-drug related hepatotoxicity continues to expand, with reports of interactive toxicity in adults with hepatitis C and recognition of rare cases of liver disease associated with non-selective, selective, and preferential COX-2 inhibitors. Better outcomes require people taking NSAIDs to be aware of possible drug reactions involving the liver, and prescribers should be vigilant for early symptoms of hepatotoxicity so that incriminated agents are discontinued promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narci C Teoh
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Darcy Road, PO Box 412, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently used during pregnancy (premature labor, polyhydramnios) and the immediate postnatal period (closure of patent ductus arteriosus). This article evaluates the renal effect of 3 nonspecific COX inhibitors (aspirin, indomethacin, and ibuprofen) in newborn rabbits. Five groups of anesthetized, ventilated, normoxemic 6-day-old rabbits (n = 52) were administered intravenous aspirin (40 mg/kg), indomethacin (2 mg/kg), and ibuprofen (0.02, 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg, respectively). Renal function and hemodynamics as assessed by inulin and para-aminohippuric acid clearances were measured before and in the hour after drug administration. In all groups of animals, the nonselective COX inhibitors induced an increase in renal vascular resistance and a consequent decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Urine flow rate decreased significantly in all groups, except in the group receiving the lowest dose of ibuprofen. In newborn rabbits, aspirin, indomethacin, and ibuprofen induced intense renal vasoconstriction, which resulted in impaired renal function. This observation illustrates the major renal protective role played by the vasodilatory prostaglandins during the neonatal period, when the kidney is perfused at very low perfusion pressure. We conclude that all COX inhibitors should be administered with the same caution to the preterm neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Guignard
- Renal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Patti R, Gumired K, Reddanna P, Sutton LN, Phillips PC, Reddy CD. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human primitive neuroectodermal tumors: effect of celecoxib and rofecoxib. Cancer Lett 2002; 180:13-21. [PMID: 11911965 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) the most malignant brain tumors of childhood was investigated. COX-2 expression in human brain tumor biopsy samples (seven/seven) was about 6-8-fold higher than normal brain tissue and several PNET cell lines also express COX-2. The effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib and rofecoxib on the growth of two PNET cell lines (DAOY and PFSK) was determined. Celecoxib was more potent than rofecoxib in suppressing cell growth. Growth inhibition by celecoxib and rofecoxib was independent of Bcl-2 expression. Celecoxib suppressed the expression of Akt and activated the caspase-3 in DAOY and PFSK, whereas rofecoxib did not have such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Patti
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Joseph Stokes Research Institute #515G, 3516 Civic Center Blvd, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Hu KQ. Rationale and feasibility of chemoprovention of hepatocellular carcinoma by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 2002; 139:234-43. [PMID: 12024111 DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2002.122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a growing health problem worldwide. The limited treatment and poor prognosis of this disease emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention, including chemoprevention. Improvement in early diagnosis of HCC and regular screen of individuals with increased risk for HCC provide the possibility of effective chemoprevention for HCC in the future. Hepatocarcinogenesis is best described as a continuity of regeneration, proliferation, unregulated hyperplasia, dysplasia, and malignant transformation. Uncontrolled proliferation of hepatocytes clearly plays a key role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been associated with tumorigenesis of colon cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors possess potent suppression on the growth of colon cancer. Overexpression of COX-2 has also recently been demonstrated in patients with HCC, especially in nontumorous tissue with cirrhosis and well-differentiated tumorous tissue. In vitro studies have revealed that both NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, and sulindac, an analog of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, effectively inhibit growth of human hepatoma cell lines, which is mediated by a decreased rate of cell proliferation. Although further in vivo studies are required in animal models to confirm these findings and define optimal doses for future clinical trials in human subjects, these findings provide a rationale for the use of COX-2 inhibitors as HCC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qin Hu
- Transplantation Institute. Division of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson Street, Rm 1405, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Roberts RO, Jacobson DJ, Girman CJ, Rhodes T, Lieber MM, Jacobsen SJ. A population-based study of daily nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and prostate cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2002; 77:219-25. [PMID: 11888024 DOI: 10.4065/77.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between daily use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subjects were 50- to 79-year-old white men randomly selected in January 1990 from the Olmsted County, Minnesota, community (n=1362) from among participants in a longitudinal study of lower urinary tract symptoms. At the beginning of the study, all medications that were used daily, including prescription and nonprescription NSAIDs, were ascertained by trained interviewers. Men who developed a histologically proved diagnosis of prostate cancer during a median of 66 months (maximum, 6 years) of follow-up were identified from a complete review of the community medical record. RESULTS Twenty-three (4%) of 569 NSAID users and 68 (9%) of 793 nonusers developed prostate cancer during follow-up (P=.001). The relative odds of prostate cancer were 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.73) in NSAID users compared with nonusers. This inverse association with NSAID use increased with increasing age at study onset. Thus, the relative odds of prostate cancer among NSAID users were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4-2.2) in men aged 50 to 59 years, 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2-0.8) in men aged 60 to 69 years, and 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1-0.5) in men aged 70 to 79 years compared with similarly aged men who did not use NSAIDs. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that daily use of NSAIDs may be associated with a lower incidence of prostate cancer in men aged 60 years or older. The stronger effect among older men suggests that NSAIDs may prevent the progression of prostate cancer from latent to clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosebud O Roberts
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA
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Kauffman GW, Jurs PC. QSAR and k-nearest neighbor classification analysis of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors using topologically-based numerical descriptors. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2001; 41:1553-60. [PMID: 11749582 DOI: 10.1021/ci010073h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experimental IC(50) data for 314 selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are used to develop quantitation and classification models as a potential screening mechanism for larger libraries of target compounds. Experimental log(IC(50)) values ranged from 0.23 to > or = 5.00. Numerical descriptors encoding solely topological information are calculated for all structures and are used as inputs for linear regression, computational neural network, and classification analysis routines. Evolutionary optimization algorithms are then used to search the descriptor space for information-rich subsets which minimize the rms error of a diverse training set of compounds. An eight-descriptor model was identified as a robust predictor of experimental log(IC(50)) values, producing a root-mean-square error of 0.625 log units for an external prediction set of inhibitors which took no part in model development. A k-nearest neighbor classification study of the data set discriminating between active and inactive members produced a nine-descriptor model able to accurately classify 83.3% of the prediction set compounds correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Kauffman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Francois D. Spin Doctors. J Clin Rheumatol 2001; 7:139-41. [PMID: 17039117 DOI: 10.1097/00124743-200106000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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