A Concept Analysis of Cultural Nursing Competence

Ecological predictors of cultural competence among nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit: A cross-sectional descriptive study

Active migration and globalization have led to increased opportunities for critical care nurses to care for patients from diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. This study thus aimed to identify the individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors affecting cultural competence levels among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses based on an ecological model. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that included 135 NICU nurses in South Korea. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the proposed ecological model, and a regression model for each of the four subdomains of cultural competence was constructed and compared. NICU nurses' cultural competencies were influenced not only by the "necessity of multicultural education" and "ethnocultural empathy" at the individual level but by the "hospital's readiness and support for cultural competencies" at the organizational level. To promote the cultural competence of nurses in critical care settings, environmental and organizational support should be improved, along with developing strategies that focus on nurses' individual characteristics. It is also necessary to investigate the "intersectionality" of the effects of individual and environmental factors on cultural competence.

Effect of a transcultural nursing course on improving the cultural competency of nursing graduate students in Korea: a before-andafter study

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a transcultural nursing course on enhancing the cultural competency of graduate nursing students in Korea. We hypothesized that participants’ cultural competency would significantly improve in areas such as communication, biocultural ecology and family, dietary habits, death rituals, spirituality, equity, and empowerment and intermediation after completing the course. Furthermore, we assessed the participants’ overall satisfaction with the course.

METHODS

A before-and-after study was conducted with graduate nursing students at Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea, from March to June 2023. A transcultural nursing course was developed based on Giger & Haddad’s transcultural nursing model and Purnell’s theoretical model of cultural competence. Data was collected using a cultural competence scale for registered nurses developed by Kim and his colleagues. A total of 18 students participated, and the paired t-test was employed to compare pre-and post-intervention scores.

RESULTS

The study revealed significant improvements in all 7 categories of cultural nursing competence (P<0.01). Specifically, the mean differences in scores (pre–post) ranged from 0.74 to 1.09 across the categories. Additionally, participants expressed high satisfaction with the course, with an average score of 4.72 out of a maximum of 5.0.

CONCLUSION

The transcultural nursing course effectively enhanced the cultural competency of graduate nursing students. Such courses are imperative to ensure quality care for the increasing multicultural population in Korea.

Korean healthcare providers’ attitude, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual orientation and gender identity: a cross-sectional survey

Purpose: This study investigated Korean healthcare providers’ attitudes toward sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons and their knowledge and behavior concerning the collection of data on sexual orientation and gender identity (SO/GI). Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, 137 Korean healthcare providers were recruited through convenience sampling from internet communities for medical professionals. A structured questionnaire was created using Google Surveys. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis were performed.Results: Healthcare providers had overall negative attitudes toward SGM persons and low levels of knowledge and behavior with regard to the collection of patients’ SO/GI data. Participants in their 20s, who were religious, and had clinical experiences in treating or providing nursing care for SGM persons had higher levels of knowledge about the collection of SO/GI data. The level of engagement in collecting SO/GI data was higher among women and in their 20s and 30s, unreligious participants, nurses, and those with less than 10 years of clinical experience. Positive attitudes toward SGM persons were associated with higher levels of knowledge, but lower levels of behavior, regarding the collection of SO/GI data.Conclusion: It is important to recognize the diversity of patients’ SO/GI and to collect the corresponding information. To this end, it is necessary to develop and use a standardized SO/GI form. Healthcare providers should also receive education and training related to the health of SGM persons to resolve health problems that disproportionately affect SGM persons and related health disparities.

Factors Affecting the Global Health and Cultural Competencies of Nursing Students

Recently, various global health issues, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been observed in relation to rapid changes in world health conditions; consequently, nurses’ global health and cultural knowledge have become increasingly important. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors affecting the global health and cultural competencies of nursing students. The study design was a cross-sectional study with 108 participants; all participants were fourth-year nursing college students in S and C cities. Global health competency, cultural competency, global health confidence, cultural nursing confidence, and metacognition were surveyed online, and the data were collected from October 30 to November 7, 2018. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The total mean scores for global health competency and the cultural nursing competency were 63.01 ± 8.78 and 134.94 ± 17.78, respectively. Global health competency had a positive correlation with cultural competency (r = 0.49, p < 0.001), cultural nursing confidence (r = 0.26, p = 0.006), and metacognition (r = 0.22, p = 0.023). Cultural competency showed a positive correlation with global health confidence (r = 0.31, p = 0.001), cultural nursing confidence (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), and metacognition (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). Cultural competency was found to be a significant factor affecting global health competency, with an explanatory power of 23.1% (F = 17.10, p < 0.001). Cultural nursing confidence and metacognition had significant effects on cultural competency, with an explanatory power of 34.3% (F = 14.97, p < 0.001). Cultural confidence and metacognition were important factors influencing cultural competency, and cultural competency was shown to be an important factor influencing global health competency.

[Trends of Concept Development in Nursing Published in Korean Journals]

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to identify trends of nursing concept development in Korean journal papers to improve accurate understanding of nursing concepts.

METHODS

A systematic review of 216 concept development articles published from 1970 to 2018 that met the inclusion criteria was conducted using Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) databases.

RESULTS

The most common method of concept development was Walker and Avant's concept analysis method, identified in 139 (64.3%) of the 216 studies, followed by 48 examples of hybrid models (22.2%) and 15 examples of evolutionary methods (6.9%). Chinn and Kramer's method, Norris's clarification, Wilson's method, and others were also used. The concepts of "spirituality" and "fatigue" were most frequently analyzed. Among the 139 studies that used Walker and Avant's concept analysis method, 127 studies (91.4%) applied all the recommended steps; the others applied the recommended steps partially, omitting description of model cases/additional cases, antecedents/consequences, and empirical indicators. Among the studies using the hybrid model, among two (5.7%) did not describe attributes, three (8.5%) did not provide definitions, and 16 (45.7%) did not present empirical indicators in the final stage.

CONCLUSION

Among concept development studies published in Korean journals, Walker and Avant's concept analysis method is most commonly used. In case of most studies using Walker and Avant's method a suitable concept analysis process is applied, but in case of other studies using the other concept development method, a suitable concept analysis process is not applied. Therefore, a suitable concept analysis process must be applied for concept development in nursing research.

Effects of a cultural nursing course to enhance the cultural competence of nursing students in Korea

PURPOSE

With Korea's recent rapid change into a multicultural society, cultural competence is being emphasized as a core nursing competency. This study investigated the effects of a cultural nursing course that aimed to enhance the cultural competence of nursing students in Korea.

METHODS

This was a single-group pre- and post-comparison study. The subjects were 69 nursing students at Dongyang University who attended a cultural nursing course in 2015, of whom 62 students responded to the survey. The 13-week cultural nursing course was held for 2 hours a week. The methods of the course included small group activities, discussions and presentations, experiential learning, reflective activities, and lectures. Nursing students' cultural competence was measured pre- and post-course with the Cultural Competence Scale for Korean Nurses, which contains 33 items scored on a 7-point Likert scale.

RESULTS

After completing the cultural nursing course, students' total cultural competence scores increased, as did their scores in each category (cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity, and cultural skills) (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in cultural competence by gender (P<0.001).

CONCLUSION

This cultural nursing course was found to be effective in enhancing the cultural competence of nursing students. Therefore, the educational program developed in this study can be extended to other university-level nursing programs in Korea.