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Huang X, He Q, Hu H, Shi H, Zhang X, Xu Y. Integrating machine learning and nontargeted plasma lipidomics to explore lipid characteristics of premetabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1335269. [PMID: 38559697 PMCID: PMC10979736 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1335269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify plasma lipid characteristics associated with premetabolic syndrome (pre-MetS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and provide biomarkers through machine learning methods. Methods Plasma lipidomics profiling was conducted using samples from healthy individuals, pre-MetS patients, and MetS patients. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were employed to identify dysregulated lipids in the comparative groups. Biomarkers were selected using support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), random forest (rf), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the performance of two biomarker panels was compared across five machine learning models. Results In the OPLS-DA models, 50 and 89 lipid metabolites were associated with pre-MetS and MetS patients, respectively. Further machine learning identified two sets of plasma metabolites composed of PS(38:3), DG(16:0/18:1), and TG(16:0/14:1/22:6), TG(16:0/18:2/20:4), and TG(14:0/18:2/18:3), which were used as biomarkers for the pre-MetS and MetS discrimination models in this study. Conclusion In the initial lipidomics analysis of pre-MetS and MetS, we identified relevant lipid features primarily linked to insulin resistance in key biochemical pathways. Biomarker panels composed of lipidomics components can reflect metabolic changes across different stages of MetS, offering valuable insights for the differential diagnosis of pre-MetS and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Huang
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing He
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiping Hu
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youqiong Xu
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Uhanova J, O'Brien M, Minuk G, Tate R. Chronic Liver Disease and Metabolic Comorbidities in Healthy Young Males Followed for 65 Years: The Manitoba Follow-up Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:2417-2424.e2. [PMID: 33080354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevalence of chronic liver disease (CLD) is largely derived from cross-sectional epidemiologic surveys. The goal of this long-term, prospective study was to document the lifetime risk of developing chronic liver disease and determine the impact of common metabolic conditions associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the development and outcomes of CLD. METHODS 3,983 air force men were enrolled in the Manitoba Follow-up Study in 1948. The comprehensive database on results of routine physicals and health encounters was examined for evidence of CLD and MetS. The joint relationship between CLD and components of MetS on mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS In 65 follow-up years, 5.2% of men developed CLD and 6.4% MetS. Hypertension was the strongest predictor of CLD (HR 2.958, 95% CI - 2.065 to 4.236, p < .0001), followed by insulin resistance /diabetes mellitus (IR/DM) (2.008, 95% CI - 1.332 to 3.027, p = .0009) and obesity (1.958, 95% CI - 1.419 to 2.703, p < .0001). Relative to men without MetS comorbidities, an increasing gradient of risk for CLD was apparent with increasing numbers of MetS components; the HR of 3.67, 5.97 and 14.3 for IR/DM, IR/DM + one component, and IR/DM + two or more components respectively. The relative risk of mortality in men with vs. without CLD was 3.33 (95% CI - 2.83 to 3.91, p < .0001) and 1.505 (95% CI - 1.31 to 1.73, p < .0001) in men with vs. without MetS. CONCLUSIONS CLD and MetS independently increase the relative risk of mortality; the magnitude of the effect is greater in CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Tate
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Han EN, Cheong ES, Lee JI, Kim MC, Byrne CD, Sung KC. Change in fatty liver status and 5-year risk of incident metabolic syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Hypertens 2015; 21:22. [PMID: 26893932 PMCID: PMC4750798 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-015-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty liver is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) but it may also occur without MetS. Whether resolution of fatty liver in the general population affects risk of MetS is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether a change in fatty liver status (either the development of new fatty liver or the resolution of existing fatty liver) would modify the risk of de novo MetS. Methods Two thousand eighty-nine people without hypertension, diabetes, and MetS were examined at baseline and at 5-year follow-up using a retrospective cohort study design. Fatty liver status was assessed at baseline and at follow-up by ultrasonography. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for de novo MetS at follow-up were calculated controlling for the potential confounders, compared to the reference group (people who never had fatty liver at baseline and follow-up). Results During follow-up, fatty liver developed in 251 people and fatty liver resolved in 112 people. After the adjustment for multiple confounders, persisting fatty liver and incident fatty liver development were associated with de novo MetS, with aHR of 2.60 (95 % CIs [1.61,4.20]) and 3.31 (95 % CIs [1.99,5.51]), respectively. Risk of new MetS in resolved fatty liver group was attenuated with insignificant aHR of 1.29 accompanying 95 % CIs of 0.60 and 2.80. Discussion Development or maintenance of fatty liver is positively associated with occurrence of new MetS. Resolution of fatty liver status has similar risk of de novo MetS with those who never had fatty liver. Therefore, cautious management is needed with those with fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Na Han
- Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Cheong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong In Lee
- Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Peer N, Steyn K, Levitt N. Differential obesity indices identify the metabolic syndrome in Black men and women in Cape Town: the CRIBSA study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2015; 38:175-82. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdu115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Oh PC, Koh KK, Sakuma I, Lim S, Lee Y, Lee S, Lee K, Han SH, Shin EK. Omega-3 fatty acid therapy dose-dependently and significantly decreased triglycerides and improved flow-mediated dilation, however, did not significantly improve insulin sensitivity in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:696-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Rhee MY, Kim JH, Kim YS, Chung JW, Bae JH, Nah DY, Kim YK, Lee MM, Lim CY, Byun JE, Park HK, Kang BW, Kim JW, Kim SW. High sodium intake in women with metabolic syndrome. Korean Circ J 2014; 44:30-6. [PMID: 24497887 PMCID: PMC3905113 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2014.44.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Metabolic syndrome and high sodium intake are associated with frequent cardiovascular events. Few studies have estimated sodium intake in subjects with metabolic syndrome by 24-hour urine sodium excretion. We evaluated sodium intake in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Subjects and Methods Participants were recruited by random selection and through advertisement. Twenty four-hour urine collection, ambulatory blood pressure measurements, and blood test were performed. Sodium intake was estimated by 24-hour urine sodium excretion. Participants receiving antihypertensive medications were excluded from analysis. Results Among the 463 participants recruited, subjects with metabolic syndrome had higher levels of 24-hour urine sodium excretion than subjects without metabolic syndrome (p=0.0001). There was a significant relationship between the number of metabolic syndrome factors and 24-hour urine sodium excretion (p=0.001). The proportion of subjects with metabolic syndrome was increased across the tertile groups of 24-hour urine sodium excretion (p<0.0001). The association of high sodium intake and metabolic syndrome was significant only among women. Among the factors related to metabolic syndrome, body mass index had an independent association with 24-hour urine sodium excretion (p<0.0001). Conclusion Women with metabolic syndrome exhibited significantly higher sodium intake, suggesting that dietary education to reduce sodium consumption should be emphasized for women with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Yong Rhee
- Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Bae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Deuk-Young Nah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Myoung-Mook Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Lim
- Clinical Trial Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Eon Byun
- Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Food Nutrition and Dietary Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Food Nutrition and Dietary Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - Baeg-Won Kang
- Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Food Nutrition and Dietary Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Kim
- Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Food Nutrition and Dietary Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kim
- Department of Statistics, Survey Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee HY, Sakuma I, Ihm SH, Goh CW, Koh KK. Statins and renin-angiotensin system inhibitor combination treatment to prevent cardiovascular disease. Circ J 2014; 78:281-7. [PMID: 24401609 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are common risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Updated guidelines emphasize target reductions of overall cardiovascular risks. Experimental studies have shown reciprocal relationships between insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension have a synergistic deleterious effect on IR and endothelial dysfunction. Unregulated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Various strategies with different classes of antihypertensive medications to reach target goals have failed to reduce residual CVD risk further. Of interest, treating moderate cholesterol elevations with low-dose statins in hypertensive patients reduced CVD risk by 35-40% further. Therefore, statins are important in reducing CVD risk. Unfortunately, statin therapy causes IR and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. RAS inhibitors improve both endothelial dysfunction and IR. Further, cross-talk between hypercholesterolemia and RAS exists at multiple steps of IR and endothelial dysfunction. In this regard, combined therapy with statins and RAS inhibitors demonstrates additive/synergistic effects on endothelial dysfunction and IR in addition to lowering cholesterol levels and blood pressure when compared with either monotherapy in patients. This is mediated by both distinct and interrelated mechanisms. Therefore, combined therapy with statins and RAS inhibitors may be important in developing optimal management strategies in patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or obesity to prevent CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine
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Kulkarni H, Meikle PJ, Mamtani M, Weir JM, Barlow CK, Jowett JB, Bellis C, Dyer TD, Johnson MP, Rainwater DL, Almasy L, Mahaney MC, Comuzzie AG, Blangero J, Curran JE. Plasma lipidomic profile signature of hypertension in Mexican American families: specific role of diacylglycerols. Hypertension 2013; 62:621-6. [PMID: 23798346 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both as a component of metabolic syndrome and as an independent entity, hypertension poses a continued challenge with regard to its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Previous studies have documented connections between hypertension and indicators of lipid metabolism. Novel technologies, such as plasma lipidomic profiling, promise a better understanding of disorders in which there is a derangement of the lipid metabolism. However, association of plasma lipidomic profiles with hypertension in a high-risk population, such as Mexican Americans, has not been evaluated before. Using the rich data and sample resource from the ongoing San Antonio Family Heart Study, we conducted plasma lipidomic profiling by combining high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy to characterize 319 lipid species in 1192 individuals from 42 large and extended Mexican American families. Robust statistical analyses using polygenic regression models, liability threshold models, and bivariate trait analyses implemented in the SOLAR software were conducted after accounting for obesity, insulin resistance, and relative abundance of various lipoprotein fractions. Diacylglycerols, in general, and the DG 16:0/22:5 and DG 16:0/22:6 lipid species, in particular, were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), as well as liability of incident hypertension measured during 7140.17 person-years of follow-up. Four lipid species, including the DG 16:0/22:5 and DG 16:0/22:6 species, showed significant genetic correlations with the liability of hypertension in bivariate trait analyses. Our results demonstrate the value of plasma lipidomic profiling in the context of hypertension and identify disturbance of diacylglycerol metabolism as an independent biomarker of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kulkarni
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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