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Lee SB, Jo MK, Moon JE, Lee HJ, Kim JK. Relationship between Handgrip Strength and Incident Diabetes in Korean Adults According to Gender: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:627. [PMID: 38276133 PMCID: PMC10816212 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known disease that causes comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop diagnostic tools to prevent DM. Handgrip strength, a known diagnostic tool for sarcopenia, is a predictor of several diseases. However, the value of handgrip strength as an indicator of incident DM in Asian populations remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the relationship between handgrip strength and incidence of DM in Korean adults according to sex. (2) Methods: A total of 173,195 participants registered in a nationwide cohort were included in this study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 33,326 participants remained. DM occurred in 1473 individuals during the follow-up period (mean follow-up period, 4.1 years). To reduce the impact of body size, the study population was subdivided into quartiles of relative handgrip strength, defined as absolute handgrip strength divided by body mass index. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the relative handgrip strength was inversely associated with new-onset DM. (3) Results: Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), the hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for new-onset DM for the highest quartiles (Q4) was 0.60 (0.43-0.84) in men and 0.72 (0.52-0.99) in women after adjusting for confounding factors. The incidence of DM decreased with the increase in the relative handgrip strength. These inverse relationships were statistically more significant in men than in women. (4) Conclusions: This novel study revealed that relative handgrip strength is related to incident DM in both men and women. Relative handgrip strength can be used as a practical tool to prevent DM. Regular measurement of handgrip strength can be used to detect DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bum Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 22972, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.L.); (M.-K.J.); (H.-J.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeung Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 22972, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.L.); (M.-K.J.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ji-Eun Moon
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Centre, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hui-Jeong Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 22972, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.L.); (M.-K.J.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Global Health Care and Development, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
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Lee SB, Kim M, Lee HJ, Kim JK. Association of handgrip strength with new-onset CKD in Korean adults according to gender. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1148386. [PMID: 37409278 PMCID: PMC10318437 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1148386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Handgrip strength (HGS) is an indicator of many diseases such as pneumonia, cardiovascular disease and cancer. HGS can also predict renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but the value of HGS as a predictor of new-onset CKD is unknown. Methods 173,195 subjects were recruited from a nationwide cohort and were followed for 4.1 years. After exclusions, 35,757 participants remained in the final study, and CKD developed in 1063 individuals during the follow-up period. Lifestyle, anthropometric and laboratory data were evaluated in relation to the risk of CKD. Results The participants were subdivided into quartiles according to relative handgrip strength (RGS). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that RGS was inversely associated with incident CKD. Compared with the lowest quartile, the hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for incident CKD for the highest quartile (Q4) was 0.55 (0.34-0.88) after adjusting for covariates in men and 0.51 (0.31-0.85) in women. The incidence of CKD decreased as RGS increased. These negative associations were more significant in men than in women. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that baseline RGS had predictive power for new-onset CKD. Area under the curve (AUC) (95% CIs) was 0.739 (0.707-0.770) in men and 0.765 (0.729-0.801) in women. Conclusion This is the novel study demonstrating that RGS is associated with incident CKD in both men and women. The relationship between RGS and incident CKD is more significant in women than in men. RGS can be used in clinical practice to evaluate renal prognosis. Regular measurement of handgrip strength is essential to CKD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bum Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Miryung Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Jeong Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Global Health Care and Development, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Kim ST, Song YH. Nutrition, Body Composition, and Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13272. [PMID: 36293851 PMCID: PMC9603145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between nutrition and blood pressure and the role that body composition plays in this relationship. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from the years 2008-2020 were reviewed. A total of 11,234 subjects (5974 boys and 5260 girls) aged 10-18 years of age were selected. We analyzed the correlation between nutrition (intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acid (USFA), and dietary fiber (DF)) and body composition (height, weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and waist to height ratio (WHtR)), and performed multiple regression analysis to find the independent correlation between body composition and blood pressure (BP). We then compared the correlation between nutrition and BP, with or without adjustment for body composition. The intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, and USFA had positive associations with height, weight, WC, and BMI. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were independently positively correlated with height and BMI. The intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, and SFA had positive correlations with SBP and DBP, which disappeared when additionally adjusted for BMI and height. In conclusion, nutrition seems to affect BP via height and BMI in Korean children and adolescents.
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Association of Handgrip Strength with Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults According to Sex. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081874. [PMID: 36010223 PMCID: PMC9406341 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to lead to many diseases such as cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney diseases. Therefore, it is essential to find diagnostic tools to prevent DM. This study aimed to find the association between handgrip strength and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Korean adults with respect to sex and menopause. A total of 26,536 participants (12,247 men, 6977 premenopausal women, and 7312 postmenopausal women) aged >19 years were recruited. The study population was divided into quartiles of relative handgrip strength. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between relative handgrip strength and the prevalence of DM. Compared with the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) the prevalence of DM for the fourth quartile (Q4) was 0.57 (0.43−0.75) after adjusting for confounding factors in men; 0.33 (0.14−0.75), premenopausal women; and 0.82 (0.63−1.07), postmenopausal women. The prevalence of DM decreased as relative handgrip strength increased. This inverse association was more significant in men and premenopausal women than that in postmenopausal women.
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Lee SB, Kwon YJ, Jung DH, Kim JK. Association of Muscle Strength with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031675. [PMID: 35162699 PMCID: PMC8834805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is known to be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, few studies have revealed the association between muscle strength and prevalence of NAFLD. We investigated the association by using relative handgrip strength in a nationwide cross-sectional survey. The participants were recruited from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). A total of 27,531 subjects from the KNHANES were selected in our study. We used normalized handgrip strength, which is called relative handgrip strength. The index was defined as handgrip strength divided by BMI. These subjects were divided into quartile groups according to relative handgrip strength. NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis index >36. Multinomial logistic regression was analysed to investigate the association between relative handgrip strength with prevalence of NAFLD. The mean age of study population was 45.8 ± 0.3 in men, and 48.3 ± 0.2 in women. The proportion of males was 37.5%. In multiple linear regression, relative handgrip strength was inversely associated with HSI index (Standardized β = −0.70; standard error (SE), 0.08; p < 0.001 in men, Standardized β = −0.94; standard error (SE), 0.07; p < 0.001 in women). According to the logistic regression model, the prevalence of NAFLD decreased with quartile 4 groups in relative handgrip strength, compared with quartile 1 groups (OR 0.42 [0.32–0.55] in men; OR 0.30 [0.22–0.40] in women). Relative handgrip strength, used as a biomarker of sarcopenia, is independently inversely associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bum Lee
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-H.J.)
| | - Dong-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-H.J.)
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Research Group for Global Health and Medical Technology Development, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Kang M, Choi SY, Jung M. Dietary intake and nutritional status of Korean children and adolescents: a review of national survey data. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:443-458. [PMID: 33445834 PMCID: PMC8426097 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Korea, several national cross-sectional surveys monitor the diet, nutritional status, and health status of children. This continual dedicated national surveillance system contributes to the identification of nutritional and health issues, establishment of public health policies, and development of nutrition recommendations. This paper provides recent information about the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and describes key nationwide survey findings published in the last 5 years on infant feeding practices and the dietary intake and nutritional status of Korean infants, children, and adolescents. There have been increasing trends in children, and teenagers who skip breakfast, eat fast food, consume sugary drinks, have vitamin D deficiency, and are obese. This review will inform pediatricians, nutritionists, and other health care practitioners who track children's growth and development. It may also help researchers and policymakers identify diet-related policies and strategies for chronic disease prevention in Korean infants, children, and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kang
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Minyoung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Kim SH. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Obesity in Adolescents. Korean Circ J 2020; 50:733-735. [PMID: 32725981 PMCID: PMC7390712 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
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