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Maeda D, Fujimoto Y, Nakade T, Abe T, Ishihara S, Jujo K, Matsue Y. Frailty, Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Malnutrition in Heart Failure. Korean Circ J 2024; 54:363-381. [PMID: 38767446 PMCID: PMC11252634 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2024.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
With global aging, the number of patients with heart failure has increased markedly. Heart failure is a complex condition intricately associated with aging, organ damage, frailty, and cognitive decline, resulting in a poor prognosis. The relationship among frailty, sarcopenia, cachexia, malnutrition, and heart failure has recently received considerable attention. Although these conditions are distinct, they often exhibit a remarkably close relationship. Overlapping diagnostic criteria have been observed in the recently proposed guidelines and position statements, suggesting that several of these conditions may coexist in patients with heart failure. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these conditions is essential, and interventions must not only target these conditions individually, but also provide comprehensive management strategies. This review article provides an overview of the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, overlap, and prognosis of frailty, sarcopenia, cachexia, and malnutrition in patients with heart failure, incorporating insights from the FRAGILE-HF study data. Additionally, based on existing literature, this article discusses the impact of these conditions on the effectiveness of guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with heart failure. While recognizing these conditions early and promptly implementing interventions may be advantageous, further data, particularly from well-powered, large-scale, randomized controlled trials, are necessary to refine personalized treatment strategies for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakade
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jujo
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kim D, Choi JO, Cho YH, Sung K, Oh J, Cho HJ, Jung SH, Lee HY, Park JJ, Choi DJ, Kang SM, Kim MS, Kim JJ. Impacts of Pre-transplant Panel-Reactive Antibody on Post-transplantation Outcomes: A Study of Nationwide Heart Transplant Registry Data. Korean Circ J 2024; 54:325-335. [PMID: 38767440 PMCID: PMC11169906 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The number of sensitized heart failure patients on waiting lists for heart transplantation (HTx) is increasing. Using the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY), a nationwide multicenter database, we investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of calculated panel-reactive antibody (cPRA) in patients undergoing HTx. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 813 patients who underwent HTx between 2014 and 2021. Patients were grouped according to peak PRA level as group A: patients with cPRA ≤10% (n= 492); group B: patients with cPRA >10%, <50% (n=160); group C patients with cPRA ≥50% (n=161). Post-HTx outcomes were freedom from antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), acute cellular rejection, coronary allograft vasculopathy, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 44 (19-72) months. Female sex, re-transplantation, and pre-HTx renal replacement therapy were independently associated with an increased risk of sensitization (cPRA ≥50%). Group C patients were more likely to have longer hospital stays and to use anti-thymocyte globulin as an induction agent compared to groups A and B. Significantly more patients in group C had positive flow cytometric crossmatch and had a higher incidence of preformed donor-specific antibody (DSA) compared to groups A and B. During follow-up, group C had a significantly higher rate of AMR, but the overall survival rate was comparable to that of groups A and B. In a subgroup analysis of group C, post-transplant survival was comparable despite higher preformed DSA in a desensitized group compared to the non-desensitized group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cPRA ≥50% had significantly higher incidence of preformed DSA and lower freedom from AMR, but post-HTx survival rates were similar to those with cPRA <50%. Our findings suggest that sensitized patients can attain comparable post-transplant survival to non-sensitized patients when treated with optimal desensitization treatment and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darae Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yang Hyun Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiick Sung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jung
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Luo Z, Ruan T, Xu M, Ding Y, Zhu L. Development and validation of the self-volume management behaviour questionnaire for patients with chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1076-1085. [PMID: 38246875 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to develop and validate a questionnaire on the behaviour of self-volume management of patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on the specific situation theory of heart failure self-care, the items of this questionnaire were formed through literature review and expert consultation. Content validity is judged by expert consultation. Item analysis was used for further filter entries. Cronbach's alpha and retest were used for reliability. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the structural validity. The questionnaire finally contained 3 subscales and 22 items. The Cronbach's α was between 0.732 and 0.797. The reliability of the retest was between 0.983 and 0.998. In expert consultation, the I-CVI of each item was 0.92-1, and the S-CVI of each subscale was 0.99, 1.00, and 0.99. In exploratory factor analysis, each subscale has two factors. In confirmatory factor analysis, the model fits of the three subscales were good: χ2/df < 3, RMSEA < 0.08, CFI > 0.9, TLI > 0.9, and SRMR < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS The study has shown that the questionnaire on the behaviour of self-volume management of patients with chronic heart failure has good reliability and validity. It can be used as an evaluation tool for evaluating the self-volume management behaviour of patients with chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlan Luo
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Ruan
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shahid I, Khan MS, Fonarow GC, Butler J, Greene SJ. Bridging gaps and optimizing implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 82:61-69. [PMID: 38244825 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite robust scientific evidence and strong guideline recommendations, there remain significant gaps in initiation and dose titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure (HF) among eligible patients. Reasons surrounding these gaps are multifactorial, and largely attributed to patient, healthcare professionals, and institutional challenges. Concurrently, HF remains a predominant cause of mortality and hospitalization, emphasizing the critical need for improved delivery of therapy to patients in routine clinical practice. To optimize GDMT, various implementation strategies have emerged in the recent decade such as in-hospital rapid initiation of GDMT, improving patient adherence, addressing clinical inertia, improving affordability, engagement in quality improvement registries, multidisciplinary clinics, and EHR-integrated interventions. This review highlights the current use and barriers to optimal utilization of GDMT, and proposes novel strategies aimed at improving GDMT in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izza Shahid
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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Truong HP, Nguyen KM, Tran HT, Hoang SV. Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam. Cureus 2023; 15:e51098. [PMID: 38274935 PMCID: PMC10809020 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heart failure is currently a global health issue, imposing a burden on disease prevalence and mortality rates for patients, while simultaneously impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. Data on assessing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with chronic heart failure in developing countries, including Vietnam, is still limited. This study was conducted with the aim of describing the quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure in Vietnam. Methods This cross-sectional investigation enrolled 140 chronic heart failure outpatients, utilizing a convenience sample at Hai Duong Province Hospital, Vietnam, spanning from December 2021 to April 2022. Essential patient variables encompassing age, gender, and heart failure duration were gathered. Surveying of patients took place at the outpatient clinic during chronic heart failure follow-up visits using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. The SF-36 comprises eight dimensions: (1) Physical functioning, (2) Role limitations due to physical health, (3) Bodily pain, (4) General health perceptions, (5) Vitality, (6) Social role functioning, (7) Role limitations due to emotional health, and (8) Mental health. Component analysis of the SF-36 revealed two distinct concepts: a physical component summary (PCS) reflecting the physical aspect and a mental component summary (MCS) reflecting the mental aspect. Results The research involved 140 participants diagnosed with chronic heart failure, having a median age of 59 years (interquartile range (IQR): 52-63). Among them, 61.4% were male, and 50% exhibited reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (≤ 40%). The role limitations due to the physical health domain indicated the lowest score, registering a median value of 0 (IQR 0-25). Domains with median scores below the 25-point threshold encompassed role limitations due to physical health (0 points). Those with scores ranging from 25 to 49 points constituted general health perceptions (25 points), role limitations due to emotional health (33.3 points), vitality (45 points), and mental health (48 points). Bodily pain and social role functioning achieved median scores at a moderate level (50-74 points), scoring 62 and 62.5 points, respectively. The overall HRQoL score on the SF-36 scale was 45.2 (IQR: 32.1-58.7) points. Median scores for the PCS and MCS were 44.3 (IQR: 30.5-52) and 47.0 (IQR: 32.6-65.4), respectively. No statistically significant differences in PCS and MCS scores were observed when subgroup analysis was performed based on variables like age, gender, or LVEF. However, in the vitality domain, female patients exhibited a significantly lower median score than male patients (p-value = 0.046). In the physical functioning domain, individuals aged ≥ 60 had lower median scores than those aged < 60 years (p = 0.022). Additionally, the group with LVEF ≤ 40% had lower median scores compared to the group with LVEF > 40% (p = 0.038) in role limitations due to emotional health domain. Conclusion In Vietnam, the HRQoL in the outpatient population with chronic heart failure was notably low when assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Large-scale, multicenter studies are needed to provide stronger, more conclusive evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung P Truong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Kha M Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Hien T Tran
- Department of Cardiology, Hai Duong Hospital, Hai Duong, VNM
| | - Sy V Hoang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
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Bak M, Choi JO. Optimization of guideline-directed medical treatment for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Korean J Intern Med 2023; 38:595-606. [PMID: 37680097 PMCID: PMC10493440 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing number of medications demonstrating mortality benefits in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the pharmacological treatment of HFrEF is entering a new phase. To enhance outcomes in heart failure patients through medical treatment, the choice of appropriate medications and simultaneous and rapid uptitration are critical. However, there are several challenges encountered during this medication uptitration, including issues like hypotension, fatigue, worsening renal function, and hyperkalemia. This paper addresses strategies for effectively managing these challenges to successfully reach the maximum tolerated dose in patients. Additionally, it will discuss the management of comorbidities often associated with heart failure, the importance of exercise and rehabilitation, and the significance of proper nutrition intake, in addition to guideline-directed medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Bak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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