Testosterone deficiency in non-obese type 2 diabetic male patients

The association between lipid accumulation products and depression in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005-2018

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the potential correlation between lipid accumulation products (LAP) and depression in adults in the United States.

METHODS

We analyzed data from 13,051 participants from the NHANES 2005-2018 cycle. The LAP index was calculated using the waist circumference (WC) and serum triglyceride (TG) levels, which reflect lipid toxicity. Participants who scored ≥10 on the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were considered depressed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between the LAP index and depression. Furthermore, we conducted subgroup analysis to identify potentially sensitive populations. Smoothed curve fitting and generalized additive model (GAM) regression were performed to verify the association between the LAP index and depression.

RESULTS

A total of 13,051 participants were eligible for analysis. After adjusting for all potential confounders, the risk of depression tended to increase with an increasing LAP index (odds ratio [OR]: 1.0011, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0001, 1.0021). Compared to participants with LAP quartile 1, participants with LAP quartile 3 exhibited the highest risk of depression (OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a strong association between the LAP index and depression in men (OR: 1.002, 95%CI: 1.001, 1.004) or those with hypertension (OR: 1.002, 95%CI: 1.000, 1.003). Additionally, smoothed curve fitting and GAM regression demonstrated a positive linear correlation between the LAP index and depression.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that individuals with a higher LAP index may be at higher risk of depression, particularly men or those with hypertension. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Evaluation of the Incidence of Low Testosterone Levels in Young Male Adults with Moderate to Severe Obesity-Single-Centre Study from India

PURPOSE

With the increase in obesity epidemic among Asians, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of obesity on this population. Low testosterone levels are known to be associated with obesity. This is the 1st study from Asia to evaluate incidence and magnitude of hypotestosteronemia in young adults with BMI more than 32.5 kg/m2 defined as moderate to severe obesity in Asians.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred thirty-four male patients with BMI more than 32.5 kg/m2, between 18 and 30 years old who visited a single bariatric facility between 2017 and 2020, were evaluated with BMI, total and free testosterone levels and clinical features of gynecomastia, hypogonadism, and thinning of pubic and armpit hair. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and ANOVA test.

RESULTS

60.4% of patients (84/134) had low testosterone levels (< 300 ng/dl) and 23.9% (32/134) had levels between 300 and 400 ng/dl. 89.6% patients (120/134 had gynecomastia, 60.4% (81/134) had thinning of pubic and arm pit hair, and 62.7% (84/134) had hypogonadism. Testosterone levels showed a decreasing trend with increasing BMI, but it was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

Obesity is one of the important etiologies of hypotestosteronemia and its manifestations in young adults. The actual incidence may be significantly higher than what is reported in the literature. High-quality research is required to address questions of diagnosis and best treatment options.