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Le Gall-Lanotto C, Verdin A, Cazier F, Bataille-Savattier A, Guéré C, Dorr MM, Fluhr JW, Courcot D, Vié K, Misery L. Road-traffic-related air pollution contributes to skin barrier alteration and growth defect of sensory neurons. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15009. [PMID: 38284185 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The effects of air pollution on health are gaining increasing research interest with limited data on skin alterations available. It was suggested that air pollution is a trigger factor for sensitive skin (SS). However, this data was based on surveys with a lack of experimental data. SS is related to altered skin nerve endings and cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. TTe present study was to assess the in vitro effect of particulate matter (PM) on epidermis and nerve ending homeostasis. PM samples were collected according to a validated protocol. Reconstructed human epidermis (RHE, Episkin®) was exposed to PM and subsequently the supernatants were transferred to a culture of PC12 cells differentiated into sensory neurons (SN). Cell viability, axonal growth and neuropeptide-release were measured. The modulation of the expression of different inflammatory, keratinocytes differentiation and neurites growth markers was assessed. PM samples contained a high proportion of particles with a size below 1 μm and a complex chemical composition. Transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PM altered keratinocytes terminal differentiation and induced an inflammatory response. While viability and functionality of the SN were not modified, their outgrowth was significantly decreased after incubation with PM-exposed Episkin® supernatants. This was closely related to the modification of nerve growth factor/semaphorin 3A balance. This study showed that air pollutants have negative effects on keratinocytes and sensory nerve endings including inflammatory responses. These effects are probably involved in the SS pathophysiology and might be involved in inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Verdin
- EA4492-Unit of Environmental Chemistry And Interactions With Living Organisms (UCEIV), SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Common Center of Measurements (CCM), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | | | | | | | - Joachim W Fluhr
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Brest, France
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Courcot
- EA4492-Unit of Environmental Chemistry And Interactions With Living Organisms (UCEIV), SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | | | - Laurent Misery
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Brest, France
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2
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Chen X, Adhikary G, Ma E, Newland JJ, Naselsky W, Xu W, Eckert RL. Sulforaphane inhibits CD44v6/YAP1/TEAD signaling to suppress the cancer phenotype. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:236-248. [PMID: 36285644 PMCID: PMC9851963 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a promising cancer prevention and treatment agent that strongly suppresses the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cell cancer phenotype. We previously showed that yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/TEAD signaling is a key procancer stimulator of the aggressive CSCC cell cancer phenotype. However, SFN-responsive upstream regulators of YAP1/TEAD signaling are not well characterized and so there is a pressing need to identify these factors. We show that CD44v6 knockdown reduces YAP1/TEAD-dependent transcription and target gene expression, and that this is associated with reduced spheroid formation, invasion and migration. CD44v6 knockout cell lines also display reduced YAP1/TEAD activity and target gene expression and attenuated spheroid formation, invasion, migration and tumor formation. An important finding is that SFN treatment suppresses CD44v6 level leading to a reduction in YAP1/TEAD signaling and marker gene expression. Sox2 level and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are also reduced. Forced expression of constitutive active YAP1 in CD44v6 knockdown cells partially restores the aggressive cancer phenotype. These important findings suggest that CD44v6 drives YAP1/TEAD signaling to enhance the CSCC cell cancer phenotype and that SFN treatment reduces CD44v6 level/function which, in turn, reduces YAP1/TEAD signaling leading to reduced stemness, EMT and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John J. Newland
- Department of Surgery Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Warren Naselsky
- Department of Surgery Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L. Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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3
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Shao J, Li X, Luo Y, Fang H, Lin F, Zhang G, Lu F, Guo L, Sun Y. Distribution of arsenic species and pathological characteristics of tissues of the mice fed with arsenic-supplemented food simulating rice. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:539-551. [PMID: 34719557 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The exposure and harm of arsenic have attracted wide attention. Rice is an arsenic-rich crop. The purpose of this study was to learn the distribution of arsenic species and the pathological changes in tissues of mice exposed to arsenic-supplemented food simulating rice. Test groups of mice were orally exposed with prepared arsenic feeds supplemented with four arsenic species (arsenite iAsIII, arsenate iAsV, monomethylarsonate MMA, and dimethylarsinate DMA) at three doses (total As concentration: 0.91, 9.1 and 30 μg/g), which simulated the arsenic species ratio in rice. After 112 days, the concentrations of the arsenic species in the spleen, thymus, heart, skin and hair were detected, and histopathology of the spleen, heart and skin was observed. Each arsenic species was detected and their total concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner with a few exceptions. One interesting phenomenon is that ratio of the organic arsenic to inorganic arsenic also increased in a dose-dependent manner. For the other, the order of tissues from high to low arsenic concentration was the same in the medium- and high-dose groups. The histopathological sections of the spleen, heart and skin showed dose-dependent debilitating alterations in tissue architecture. Hyperplasia, hyaline degeneration and sclerosis of fibrous connective tissue occurred in the spleen. Myocardial cell atrophy and interstitial edema occurred in the heart. Hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis and atypia of basal cells occurred in the skin. In summary, the long-term intake of high arsenic rice has a health risk. Further studies are needed to assess it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Shao
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University; School of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Guangdong Medical University, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University; School of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Guangdong Medical University, China
| | - Heng Fang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University; School of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Guangdong Medical University, China
| | - Fangyan Lin
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University; School of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Guangdong Medical University, China
| | - Guiwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, China
| | - Furong Lu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University; School of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Guangdong Medical University, China
| | - Lianxian Guo
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University; School of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Guangdong Medical University, China
| | - Yanqin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, China
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Martínez-Castillo M, García-Montalvo EA, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Sánchez-Peña LDC, Soria Jasso LE, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Valenzuela OL, Hernández-Zavala A. Arsenic exposure and non-carcinogenic health effects. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S826-S850. [PMID: 34610256 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211045955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is a serious health problem that affects more than 140 million individuals worldwide, mainly, through contaminated drinking water. Acute iAs poisoning produces several symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhea, whereas prolonged iAs exposure increased the risk of several malignant disorders such as lung, urinary tract, and skin tumors. Another sensitive endpoint less described of chronic iAs exposure are the non-malignant health effects in hepatic, endocrine, renal, neurological, hematological, immune, and cardiovascular systems. The present review outlines epidemiology evidence and possible molecular mechanisms associated with iAs-toxicity in several non-carcinogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macario Martínez-Castillo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Mónica G Arellano-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luz Del C Sánchez-Peña
- Departamento de Toxicología, 540716Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Luis E Soria Jasso
- Centro de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, 103794Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, México
| | - Jeannett A Izquierdo-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, 103794Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, México
| | - Olga L Valenzuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 428055Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, México
| | - Araceli Hernández-Zavala
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Efremenko A, Balbuena P, Clewell RA, Black M, Pluta L, Andersen ME, Gentry PR, Yager JW, Clewell HJ. Time-dependent genomic response in primary human uroepithelial cells exposed to arsenite for up to 60 days. Toxicology 2021; 461:152893. [PMID: 34425169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies suggests that gene expression changes from long-term exposure to arsenite evolve markedly over time, including reversals in the direction of expression change in key regulatory genes. In this study, human uroepithelial cells from the ureter segments of 4 kidney-donors were continuously treated in culture with arsenite at concentrations of 0.1 or 1 μM for 60 days. Gene expression at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 days was determined using Affymetrix human genome microarrays and signal pathway analysis was performed using GeneGo Metacore. Arsenic treated cells continued to proliferate for the full 60-day period, whereas untreated cells ceased proliferating after approximately 30 days. A peak in the number of gene changes in the treated cells compared to untreated controls was observed between 30 and 40 days of exposure, with substantially fewer changes at 10 and 60 days, suggesting remodeling of the cells over time. Consistent with this possibility, the direction of expression change for a number of key genes was reversed between 20 and 30 days, including CFOS and MDM2. While the progression of gene changes was different for each subject, a common pattern was observed in arsenic treated cells over time, with early upregulation of oxidative stress responses (HMOX1, NQ01, TXN, TXNRD1) and down-regulation of immune/inflammatory responses (IKKα). At around 30 days, there was a transition to increased inflammatory and proliferative signaling (AKT, CFOS), evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and alterations in DNA damage responses (MDM2, ATM). A common element in the changing response of cells to arsenite over time appears to involve up-regulation of MDM2 by inflammatory signaling (through AP-1 and NF-κB), leading to inhibition of P53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Efremenko
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Michael Black
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, United States
| | - Linda Pluta
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Janice W Yager
- Ramboll US Corporation, Emeryville, CA, United States(1)
| | - Harvey J Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, United States.
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McMichael BD, Perego MC, Darling CL, Perry RL, Coleman SC, Bain LJ. Long-term arsenic exposure impairs differentiation in mouse embryonal stem cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1089-1102. [PMID: 33124703 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a contaminant found in many foods and drinking water. Exposure to arsenic during development can cause improper neuronal progenitor cell development, differentiation, and function, while in vitro studies have determined that acute arsenic exposure to stem and progenitor cells reduced their ability to differentiate. In the current study, P19 mouse embryonal stem cells were exposed continuously to 0.1-μM (7.5 ppb) arsenic for 32 weeks. A cell lineage array examining messenger RNA (mRNA) changes after 8 and 32 weeks of exposure showed that genes involved in pluripotency were increased, whereas those involved in differentiation were reduced. Therefore, temporal changes of select pluripotency and neuronal differentiation markers throughout the 32-week chronic arsenic exposure were investigated. Sox2 and Oct4 mRNA expression were increased by 1.9- to 2.5-fold in the arsenic-exposed cells, beginning at Week 12. Sox2 protein expression was similarly increased starting at Week 16 and remained elevated by 1.5-fold to sixfold. One target of Sox2 is N-cadherin, whose expression is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs). Exposure to arsenic significantly increased N-cadherin protein levels beginning at Week 20, concurrent with increased grouping of N-cadherin positive cells at the perimeter of the embryoid body. Expression of Zeb1, which helps increase the expression of Sox2, was also increased started at Week 16. In contrast, Gdf3 mRNA expression was reduced by 3.4- to 7.2-fold beginning at Week 16, and expression of its target protein, phospho-Smad2/3, was also reduced. These results suggest that chronic, low-level arsenic exposure may delay neuronal differentiation and maintain pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D McMichael
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Chiara Perego
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Caitlin L Darling
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rebekah L Perry
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah C Coleman
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Sinha D, Prasad P. Health effects inflicted by chronic low-level arsenic contamination in groundwater: A global public health challenge. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:87-131. [PMID: 31273810 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater arsenic (As) contamination is a global public health concern. The high level of As exposure (100-1000 μg/L or even higher) through groundwater has been frequently associated with serious public health hazards, e.g., skin disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems, complications of gastrointestinal tract, liver and splenic ailments, kidney and bladder disorders, reproductive failure, neurotoxicity and cancer. However, reviews on low-level As exposure and the imperative health effects are far less documented. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set the permissible standard of As in drinking water at 10 μg/L. Considering the WHO and USEPA guidelines, most of the developed countries have established standards at or below this guideline. Worldwide many countries including India have millions of aquifers with low-level As contamination (≤50 μg/L). The exposed population of these areas might not show any As-related skin lesions (hallmark of As toxicity particularly in a population consuming As contaminated groundwater >300 μg/L) but might be subclinically affected. This review has attempted to encompass the wide range of health effects associated with chronic low-level As exposure ≤50 μg/L and the probable mechanisms that might provide a better insight regarding the underlying cause of these clinical manifestations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create mass awareness about the health effects of chronic low-level As exposure and planning of proper mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Prasad
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Liu S, Chen Y, Ren Y, Zhou J, Ren J, Lee I, Bao X. A tRNA-derived RNA Fragment Plays an Important Role in the Mechanism of Arsenite -induced Cellular Responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16838. [PMID: 30442959 PMCID: PMC6237853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental heavy metals is a worldwide health concern. It is acknowledged to be an important cause of lower respiratory tract damage in children. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the heavy metal-induced cellular stress/toxicity are not completely understood. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNA) and more recently identified tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), are critical to the posttranscriptional control of genes. We used deep sequencing to investigate whether cellular sncRNA profiles are changed by environmental heavy metals. We found that the treatment of arsenite, an important groundwater heavy metal, leads to abundant production of tRFs, that are ~30 nucleotides (nts) long and most of which correspond to the 5'-end of mature tRNAs. It is unlikely for these tRFs to be random degradation by-products, as the type of induced tRFs is heavy metal-dependent. Three most inducible tRFs and their roles in arsenite-induced cellular responses were then investigated. We identified that p65, an important transcription factor belonging to NF-κB family and also a key factor controlling inflammatory gene expression, is a regulated target of a tRF derived from 5'-end of mature tRNA encoding AlaCGC (tRF5-AlaCGC). tRF5-AlaCGC activates p65, subsequently leading to enhanced secretion of IL-8 in arsenite response. In this study, we also identified that endonuclease Dicer and angiogenin temporally control the induction of tRF5-AlaCGC, providing an insight into the control of tRF biogenesis and subsequently the prevention of cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Huazhong, China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Huazhong, China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yuping Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Huazhong, China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jiehua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Junping Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Sealy Center for Environmental Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Rajput M, Kujur PK, Mishra A, Singh RP. Flavonoids inhibit chronically exposed arsenic-induced proliferation and malignant transformation of HaCaT cells. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 34:91-101. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Rajput
- Cancer Biology Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Praveen Kumar Kujur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Abhijeet Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Rana P. Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
- School of Life Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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Increased microRNA 21 expression contributes to arsenic induced skin lesions, skin cancers and respiratory distress in chronically exposed individuals. Toxicology 2017; 378:10-16. [PMID: 28069514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
More than 26 million people in West Bengal, India, are exposed to arsenic through drinking water, leading to several deleterious endpoints including precancerous and cancerous skin lesions and other non-dermatological health effects. Here, our aim was to identify whether miR21 is associated with such dermatological and non-dermatological health outcomes in chronically exposed humans. A total of 123 subjects from West Bengal were recruited for this study (45 exposed individuals with skin lesions, 38 exposed individuals without skin lesions and 40 unexposed individuals). The miR21 expression patterns in the lymphocytes were studied by quantitative realtime PCR and the effects on downstream targets were validated by Western blotting. Associations between the miR21 expression patterns and non-dermatological health effects were determined from epidemiological survey data. In vitro studies were done with low dose (0.05ppm) of chronic arsenic exposure to HaCaT cells for 15 passages. Interestingly, within the exposed group, the skin lesion individuals showed almost 4.5 fold up-regulation of miR21 compared to the no skin lesion group. The expression of the downstream targets of miR21 (PTEN and PDCD4) varied inversely, while the expression of pAKT and PI3K varied proportionately with its expression levels. Results of in vitro studies showed similar trends. Again miR21 was 2.03 fold up-regulated in the exposed individuals with respiratory diseases compared to the individuals without the same. This study for the first time shows that miR21 plays an important role in contributing to arsenic induced dermatological and non-dermatological health outcomes in an exposed population.
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Eom BW, Joo J, Park B, Jo MJ, Choi SH, Cho SJ, Ryu KW, Kim YW, Kook MC. Nomogram Incorporating CD44v6 and Clinicopathological Factors to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis for Early Gastric Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159424. [PMID: 27482895 PMCID: PMC4970798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment strategy for early gastric cancer depends on the probability of lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study is to develop a nomogram predicting lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer using clinicopathological factors and biomarkers. Methods A literature review was performed to identify biomarkers related to lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Seven markers were selected and immunohistochemistry was performed in 336 early gastric cancer tissues. Based on the multivariable analysis, a prediction model including clinicopatholgical factors and biomarkers was developed, and benefit of adding biomarkers was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating curve and net reclassification improvement. Functional study in gastric cancer cell line was performed to evaluate mechanism of biomarker. Results Of the seven biomarkers studied, α1 catenin and CD44v6 were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. A conventional prediction model, including tumor size, histological type, lymphatic blood vessel invasion, and depth of invasion, was developed. Then, a new prediction model including both clinicopathological factors and CD44v6 was developed. Net reclassification improvement analysis revealed a significant improvement of predictive performance by the addition of CD44v6, and a similar result was shown in the internal validation using bootstrapping. Prediction nomograms were then constructed based on these models. In the functional study, CD44v6 was revealed to affect cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusions Overexpression of CD44v6 was a significant predictor of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. The prediction nomograms incorporating CD44v6 can be useful to determine treatment plans in patients with early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Wool Eom
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Cancer Biostatistics Branch, Research Institute for National Cancer Control & evaluation, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Park
- Cancer Biostatistics Branch, Research Institute for National Cancer Control & evaluation, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Jo
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Cho
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Won Ryu
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Cherl Kook
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Pellicciari C. Histochemistry in biology and medicine: a message from the citing journals. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2610. [PMID: 26708189 PMCID: PMC4698620 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Especially in recent years, biomedical research has taken advantage of the progress in several disciplines, among which microscopy and histochemistry. To assess the influence of histochemistry in the biomedical field, the articles published during the period 2011-2015 have been selected from different databases and grouped by subject categories: as expected, biological and biomedical studies where histochemistry has been used as a major experimental approach include a wide of basic and applied researches on both humans and other animal or plant organisms. To better understand the impact of histochemical publications onto the different biological and medical disciplines, it was useful to look at the journals where the articles published in a multidisciplinary journal of histochemistry have been cited: it was observed that, in the five-years period considered, 20% only of the citations were in histochemical periodicals, the remaining ones being in journals of Cell & Tissue biology, general and experimental Medicine, Oncology, Biochemistry & Molecular biology, Neurobiology, Anatomy & Morphology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Reproductive biology, Veterinary sciences, Physiology, Endocrinology, Tissue engineering & Biomaterials, as well as in multidisciplinary journals.It is easy to foresee that also in the future the histochemical journals will be an attended forum for basic and applied scientists in the biomedical field. It will be crucial that these journals be open to an audience as varied as possible, publishing articles on the application of refined techniques to very different experimental models: this will stimulate non-histochemist scientists to approach histochemistry whose application horizon could expand to novel and possibly exclusive subjects.
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Cao S, Liu S, Wang F, Liu J, Li M, Wang C, Xi S. DMA(V) in Drinking Water Activated NF-κB Signal Pathway and Increased TGF-β and IL-1β Expressions in Bladder Epithelial Cells of Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:790652. [PMID: 26617437 PMCID: PMC4651728 DOI: 10.1155/2015/790652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) is the main product of arsenic methylation metabolism in vivo and is rat bladder carcinogen and tumor promoting agent. In this study, we measured the expressions of mRNA and proteins of NF-κB pathway members, IKKα, IKKβ, p65, and p50 in rat bladder epithelium by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis after rats received drinking water containing 100 and 200 ppm DMA(V) for 10 weeks. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) immunoexpression in rat bladder epithelium and urine level of IL-1β also were determined. We found that DMA(V) dramatically increased the mRNA levels of NF-κB p50 and IKKα in the bladder epithelium of rats compared to the control group. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that DMA(V) increased immunoreactivities of IKKα, IKKβ, and phospho-NF-κB p50 in the cytoplasm and phospho-NF-κB p50 and p65 in nucleus of rat urothelial cells. In addition, DMA(V) treated rats exhibited significantly increased inflammatory factor TGF-β immunoreactivity in bladder epithelium and IL-1β secretion in urine. These data suggest that DMA(V) could activate NF-κB signal pathway and increase TGF-β and IL-1β expressions in bladder epithelial cells of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Mengdan Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
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Pellicciari C. Impact of Histochemistry on biomedical research: looking through the articles published in a long-established histochemical journal. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2474. [PMID: 25578981 PMCID: PMC4289853 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemistry provides the unique opportunity to detect single molecules in the very place where they exert their structural roles or functional activities: this makes it possible to correlate structural organization and function, and may be fruitfully exploited in countless biomedical research topics. Aiming to estimate the impact of histochemical articles in the biomedical field, the last few years citations of articles published in a long-established histochemical journal have been considered. This brief survey suggests that histochemical journals, especially the ones open to a large spectrum of research subjects, do represent an irreplaceable source of information not only for cell biologists, microscopists or anatomists, but also for biochemists, molecular biologists and biotechnologists.
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Srivastava P, Yadav RS, Chandravanshi LP, Shukla RK, Dhuriya YK, Chauhan LKS, Dwivedi HN, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Unraveling the mechanism of neuroprotection of curcumin in arsenic induced cholinergic dysfunctions in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:428-440. [PMID: 24952339 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we found that arsenic induced cholinergic deficits in rat brain could be protected by curcumin. In continuation to this, the present study is focused to unravel the molecular mechanisms associated with the protective efficacy of curcumin in arsenic induced cholinergic deficits. Exposure to arsenic (20mg/kg body weight, p.o) for 28 days in rats resulted to decrease the expression of CHRM2 receptor gene associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions as evident by decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of mitochondrial complexes and enhanced apoptosis both in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in comparison to controls. The ultrastructural images of arsenic exposed rats, assessed by transmission electron microscope, exhibited loss of myelin sheath and distorted cristae in the mitochondria both in the frontal cortex and hippocampus as compared to controls. Simultaneous treatment with arsenic (20mg/kg body weight, p.o) and curcumin (100mg/kg body weight, p.o) for 28 days in rats was found to protect arsenic induced changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of mitochondrial complexes both in frontal cortex and hippocampus. Alterations in the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and ultrastructural damage in the frontal cortex and hippocampus following arsenic exposure were also protected in rats simultaneously treated with arsenic and curcumin. The data of the present study reveal that curcumin could protect arsenic induced cholinergic deficits by modulating the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the brain. More interestingly, arsenic induced functional and ultrastructural changes in the brain mitochondria were also protected by curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Srivastava
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Rajesh S Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Department of Crimnology and Forensic Science, Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470 003, India
| | - Lalit P Chandravanshi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Yogesh K Dhuriya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Lalit K S Chauhan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Hari N Dwivedi
- Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 227 015, India
| | - Aditiya B Pant
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Pellicciari C. Histochemistry as an irreplaceable approach for investigating functional cytology and histology. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e41. [PMID: 24441194 PMCID: PMC3896043 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In agreement with the evolution of histochemistry over the last fifty years and thanks to the impressive advancements in microscopy sciences, the application of cytochemical techniques to light and electron microscopy is more and more addressed to elucidate the functional characteristics of cells and tissue under different physiological, pathological or experimental conditions. Simultaneously, the mere description of composition and morphological features has become increasingly sporadic in the histochemical literature. Since basic research on cell functional organization is essential for understanding the mechanisms responsible for major biological processes such as differentiation or growth control in normal and tumor tissues, histochemical Journals will continue to play a pivotal role in the field of cell and tissue biology in all its structural and functional aspects.
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