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Lodge M, Dykes R, Kennedy A. Regulation of Fructose Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 39062559 PMCID: PMC11274671 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevations in fructose consumption have been reported to contribute significantly to an increased incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases in industrial countries. Mechanistically, a high fructose intake leads to the dysregulation of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and causes elevations in inflammation and drives the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high fructose consumption is considered to be toxic to the body, and there are ongoing measures to develop pharmaceutical therapies targeting fructose metabolism. Although a large amount of work has summarized the effects fructose exposure within the intestine, liver, and kidney, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how fructose both indirectly and directly influences immune cell recruitment, activation, and function in metabolic tissues, which are essential to tissue and systemic inflammation. The most recent literature demonstrates that direct fructose exposure regulates oxidative metabolism in macrophages, leading to inflammation. The present review highlights (1) the mechanisms by which fructose metabolism impacts crosstalk between tissues, nonparenchymal cells, microbes, and immune cells; (2) the direct impact of fructose on immune cell metabolism and function; and (3) therapeutic targets of fructose metabolism to treat NAFLD. In addition, the review highlights how fructose disrupts liver tissue homeostasis and identifies new therapeutic targets for treating NAFLD and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall Campus, Box 7622, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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2
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Vargas-Vargas MA, González-Montoya M, Torres-Isidro O, García-Berumen CI, Ortiz-Avila O, Calderón-Cortés E, Cortés-Rojo C. Assessing the impact of concurrent high-fructose and high-saturated fat diets on pediatric metabolic syndrome: A review. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13:91478. [PMID: 38947987 PMCID: PMC11212767 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
High-saturated fat (HF) or high-fructose (HFr) consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome (MetS). In rodent models of MetS, diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS. Nevertheless, simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr have synergistic effects, worsening MetS outcomes. In children, the effects of HF or HFr intake usually have been addressed individually. Therefore, we have reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children, and we compare them with the effects reported in rodents. In humans, HFr intake causes increased lipogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and insulin resistance. On the other hand, HF diets promote low grade-inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance. Despite the deleterious effects of simultaneous HF plus HFr intake on MetS development in rodents, there is little information about the combined effects of HF plus HFr intake in children. The aim of this review is to warn about this issue, as individually addressing the effects produced by HF or HFr may underestimate the severity of the outcomes of Western diet intake in the pediatric population. We consider that this is an alarming issue that needs to be assessed, as the simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr is common on fast food menus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Marcela González-Montoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Olin Torres-Isidro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Claudia Isabel García-Berumen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Ortiz-Avila
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Calderón-Cortés
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
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Nofal AE, AboShabaan HS, Fadda WA, Ereba RE, Elsharkawy SM, Hathout HM. L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba Supplementation In Vivo Ameliorates HCD-Induced Steatohepatitis and Dyslipidemia by Regulating Hepatic Metabolism. Cells 2024; 13:732. [PMID: 38727268 PMCID: PMC11083725 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment strategies for steatohepatitis are of special interest given the high prevalence of obesity and fatty liver disease worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of L-carnitine (LC) and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GB) supplementation in ameliorating the adverse effects of hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis induced by a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) in an animal model. The study involved 50 rats divided into five groups, including a control group, a group receiving only an HCD, and three groups receiving an HCD along with either LC (300 mg LC/kg bw), GB (100 mg GB/kg bw), or both. After eight weeks, various parameters related to lipid and glucose metabolism, antioxidant capacity, histopathology, immune reactivity, and liver ultrastructure were measured. LC + GB supplementation reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with those in the HCD group. Additionally, treatment with both supplements improved antioxidant ability and reduced lipid peroxidation. The histological examination confirmed that the combination therapy reduced liver steatosis and fibrosis while also improving the appearance of cell organelles in the ultrastructural hepatocytes. Finally, the immunohistochemical analysis indicated that cotreatment with LC + GB upregulated the immune expression of GLP-1 and β-Cat in liver sections that were similar to those of the control animals. Mono-treatment with LC or GB alone substantially but not completely protected the liver tissue, while the combined use of LC and GB may be more effective in treating liver damage caused by high cholesterol than either supplement alone by regulating hepatic oxidative stress and the protein expression of GLP-1 and β-Cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany E. Nofal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Hind S. AboShabaan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute Hospital, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Walaa A. Fadda
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Rafik E. Ereba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cario 11511, Egypt;
| | | | - Heba M. Hathout
- Natural Resources Department, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Jiang H, Zang L. GLP-1/GLP-1RAs: New Options for the Drug Treatment of NAFLD. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:100-114. [PMID: 38532322 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128283153231226103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a global public health concern. Currently, the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment is lifestyle modification and, if necessary, weight loss. However, compliance is a challenge, and this approach alone may not be sufficient to halt and treat the more serious disease development, so medication is urgently needed. Nevertheless, no medicines are approved to treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enteropeptide hormone that inhibits glucagon synthesis, promotes insulin secretion, and delays gastric emptying. GLP-1 has been found in recent studies to be beneficial for the management of NAFLD, and the marketed GLP-1 agonist drugs have different degrees of effectiveness for NAFLD while lowering blood glucose. In this article, we review GLP-1 and its physiological roles, the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the correlation between NAFLD and GLP-1 signaling, and potential strategies for GLP-1 treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linquan Zang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yu W, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Long X, Yi Y, Ai S. Fumigaclavine C ameliorates liver steatosis by attenuating hepatic de novo lipogenesis via modulation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:288. [PMID: 37587459 PMCID: PMC10428638 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been well defined as a common chronic liver metabolism disorder. Statins as a first-line therapeutic treatment had some side effects. Here, we found that Fumigaclavine C (FC) was collected from endophytic Aspergillus terreus via the root of Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae), had potential anti-adipogenic and hepatoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo without obvious adverse side effects. However, the mechanisms of the prevention and management of FC for hepatic steatosis are incompletely delineated. METHODS The pharmacodynamic effects of FC were measured in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Liver index and blood biochemical were examined. Histopathological examination in the liver was performed by hematoxylin & eosin or oil red O. The levels of serum TG, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, FFA, T-bili, ALT, AST, creatinine, and creatine kinase were estimated via diagnostic assay kits. The levels of hepatic lipid metabolism-related genes were detected via qRT-PCR. The expression levels of hepatic de novo lipogenesis were quantitated with Western blot analysis. RESULTS: FC-treatment markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. FC significantly attenuated the hepatic lipid metabolism and ameliorated liver injury without obvious adverse side effects. Moreover, FC also could dose-dependently modulate the expressions of lipid metabolism-related transcription genes. Mechanically, FC notably suppressed sterol response element binding protein-1c mediated de novo lipogenesis via interfering with the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway by decreasing the levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that FC could improve hepatic steatosis through inhibiting de novo lipogenesis via modulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanguo Yu
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoya Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Long
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yi
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ai
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
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Castro MC, Villagarcía HG, Schinella G, Massa ML, Francini F. Mechanism of preventive effects of exendin-4 and des-fluoro-sitagliptin in a murine model of fructose-induced prediabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159363. [PMID: 37429413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Protective effects of exendin-4 (glucagon-like peptide-1 -GLP-1- receptor agonist) and des-fluoro-sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) on fructose-induced hepatic disturbances were evaluated in prediabetic rats. Complementary, a possible direct effect of exendin-4 in human hepatoblastoma-derived cell line HepG2 incubated with fructose in presence/absence of exendin-9-39 (GLP-1 receptor antagonist) was investigated. In vivo, after 21 days of fructose rich diet, we determined: glycemia, insulinemia, and triglyceridemia; hepatic fructokinase, AMP-deaminase, and G-6-P dehydrogenase (G-6-P DH) activities; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) expression; triglyceride content and lipogenic gene expression (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase -GPAT-, fatty acid synthase -FAS-, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c -SREBP-1c); oxidative stress and inflammatory markers expression. In HepG2 cells we measured fructokinase activity and triglyceride content. Hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, enhanced liver fructokinase, AMP-deaminase, and G-6-P DH activities, increased ChREBP and lipogenic genes expression, enhanced triglyceride level, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers recorded in fructose fed animals, were prevented by co-administration of either exendin-4 or des-fluoro-sitagliptin. Exendin-4 prevented fructose-induced increase in fructokinase activity and triglyceride contain in HepG2 cells. These effects were blunted co-incubating with exendin-9-39. The results demonstrated for the first time that exendin-4/des-fluro-sitagliptin prevented fructose-induced endocrine-metabolic oxidative stress and inflammatory changes probably acting on the purine degradation pathway. Exendin 9-39 blunted in vitro protective exendin-4 effects, thereby suggesting a direct effect of this compound on hepatocytes through GLP-1 receptor. Direct effect on fructokinase and AMP-deaminase activities, with a key role in the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction induced by fructose, suggests purine degradation pathway constitute a potential therapeutic objective for GLP-1 receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Castro
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada - CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET CCT LA PLATA CEAS CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Hernán Gonzalo Villagarcía
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada - CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET CCT LA PLATA CEAS CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Schinella
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, UNAJ-CICPBA, Street Avenue Calchaqui 6200, Florencio Varela 1888, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Massa
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada - CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET CCT LA PLATA CEAS CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Flavio Francini
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada - CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET CCT LA PLATA CEAS CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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7
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Khalifa O, H. Mroue K, Mall R, Ullah E, S. Al-Akl N, Arredouani A. Investigation of the Effect of Exendin-4 on Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis in HepG2 Cells Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102652. [PMID: 36289914 PMCID: PMC9599706 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver lesion that is untreatable with medications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have recently emerged as a potential NAFLD pharmacotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these drugs’ beneficial effects are not fully understood. Using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we sought to investigate the biochemical changes in a steatosis cell model treated or not with the GLP-1R agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4). HepG2 cells were made steatotic with 400 µM of oleic acid and then treated with 200 nM Ex-4 in order to reduce lipid accumulation. We quantified steatosis using the Oil Red O staining method. We investigated the biochemical alterations induced by steatosis and Ex-4 treatment using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometric analyses. Analysis of the Oil Red O staining showed that Ex-4 significantly reduces steatosis. This reduction was confirmed by FTIR analysis, as the phospholipid band (C=O) at 1740 cm−1 in Ex-4 treated cells is significantly decreased compared to steatotic cells. The principal component analysis score plots for both the lipid and protein regions showed that the untreated and Ex-4-treated samples, while still separated, are clustered close to each other, far from the steatotic cells. The biochemical and structural changes induced by OA-induced lipotoxicity are at least partially reversed upon Ex-4 treatment. FTIR and chemometric analyses revealed that Ex-4 significantly reduces OA-induced lipid accumulation, and Ex-4 also restored the lipid and protein biochemical alterations caused by lipotoxicity-induced oxidative stress. In combination with chemometric analyses, FTIR spectroscopy may offer new approaches for investigating the mechanisms underpinning NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khalifa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Kamal H. Mroue
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Nayla S. Al-Akl
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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Zhang R, Mu H, Li Z, Zeng J, Zhou Q, Li H, Wang S, Li X, Zhao X, Sun L, Chen W, Dong J, Yang R. Oral administration of branched-chain amino acids ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease via gut microbiota-associated mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:920277. [PMID: 35935188 PMCID: PMC9354786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.920277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), essential amino acids for the human body, are mainly obtained from food. High levels of BCAAs in circulation are considered as potential markers of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in humans. However, there are conflicting reports about the effects of supplement of BCAAs on MAFLD, and research on BCAAs and gut microbiota is not comprehensive. Here, C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet with or without BCAAs to elucidate the effects of BCAAs on the gut microbiota and metabolic functions in a mouse model of MAFLD. Compared to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, BCAA supplementation significantly reduced the mouse body weight, ratio of liver/body weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the expressions of the lipogenesis-related enzymes Fas, Acc, and Scd-1 and increased expressions of the lipolysis-related enzymes Cpt1A and Atgl in the liver. BCAAs supplementation also counteracted HFD-induced elevations in serum BCAAs levels by stimulating the enzymatic activity of BCKDH. Furthermore, BCAAs supplementation markedly improved the gut bacterial diversity and altered the gut microbiota composition and abundances, especially those of genera, in association with MAFLD and BCAAs metabolism. These data suggest that BCAA treatment improves HFD-induced MAFLD through mechanisms involving intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongna Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruiyue Yang,
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9
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Khalifa O, Al-Akl NS, Errafii K, Arredouani A. Exendin-4 alleviates steatosis in an in vitro cell model by lowering FABP1 and FOXA1 expression via the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2226. [PMID: 35140289 PMCID: PMC8828858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide. Agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), currently approved to treat type 2 diabetes, hold promise to improve steatosis and even steatohepatitis. However, due to their pleiotropic effects, the mechanisms underlying their protective effect on NAFLD remain elusive. We aimed to investigate these mechanisms using an in vitro model of steatosis treated with the GLP-1R agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4). We established steatotic HepG2 cells by incubating the cells with 400 µM oleic acid (OA) overnight. Further treatment with 200 nM Ex-4 for 3 h significantly reduced the OA-induced lipid accumulation (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, Ex-4 substantially reduced the expression levels of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 1 (FABP1) and its primary activator, Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1). Interestingly, the silencing of β-catenin with siRNA abolished the effect of Ex-4 on these genes, suggesting dependency on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, after β-catenin silencing, OA treatment significantly increased the expression of nuclear transcription factors SREBP-1 and TCF4, whereas Ex-4 significantly decreased this upregulation. Our findings suggest that direct activation of GLP-1R by Ex-4 reduces OA-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells by reducing fatty acid uptake and transport via FABP1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khalifa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Neyla S Al-Akl
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar. .,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Pellicciari C. Twenty years of histochemistry in the third millennium, browsing the scientific literature. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 33478199 PMCID: PMC7789425 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, about 240,000 articles where histochemical techniques were used have been published in indexed journals, and their yearly number has progressively increased. The histochemical approach was selected by researchers with very different scientific interests, as the journals in which these articles were published fall within 140 subject categories. The relative proportion of articles in some of these journal categories did change over the years, and browsing the table of contents of the European Journal of Histochemistry, as an example of a strictly histochemical journal, it appeared that in recent years histochemical techniques were preferentially used to mechanistically investigate natural or experimentally induced dynamic processes, with reduced attention to purely descriptive works. It may be foreseen that, in the future, histochemistry will be increasingly focused on studying the molecular pathways responsible for cell differentiation, the maintenance or loss of the differentiated state, and tissue regeneration.
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