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Papaefthymiou A, Doukatas A, Galanopoulos M. Pancreatic cancer and oligonucleotide therapy: Exploring novel therapeutic options and targeting chemoresistance. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101911. [PMID: 35346893 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) represents a malignancy with increased mortality rate, as less than 10% of patients survive for 5 years after diagnosis. Current evolution in basic sciences has revealed promising results by decrypting genetic loci vulnerable to mutations, as potential targets of novel treatment choices. In this regard, the "Oligonucleotide therapeutics", based on synthetic nucleotides, modify the function and expression of their targets. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), aptamers, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and decoys comprise the main representatives of this emerging technology, by regulating oncogenes' expression, restoring DNA repairment mechanisms, sensitizing cancer cells in chemotherapy, and inhibiting PC progress. A plethora of genetic treatment molecules and respective targets have been described and are currently studied, thus providing a broad range of probable pharmaceutical options. This narrative review illuminates the main parameters of genetic treatment molecules for PC and underlines their deficiencies, to clarify the upcoming future and trigger further investigation in PC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, 41110, Thessaly, Greece.
| | - Aris Doukatas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attiki, Greece
| | - Michail Galanopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Cojocaru A, Bîrjovanu C, Ciurea AM, Niculescu D, Orzan OA, Ion A, Alexandru DO, Pirici I, Vîlcea EJ, Marinescu EA, Ciurea ME, Ciurea ME. Immunohistochemical expression of p53, Ki67, α-SMA, CD44 and CD31 in different histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:383-393. [PMID: 36374143 PMCID: PMC9804068 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.2.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common, locally invasive tumor that arises within sun-damaged skin and rarely develops on the palms and soles or mucous membranes. Men generally have higher rates of BCC than women. Incidence also increases with age and the median age of diagnosis is 68 years old. Mortality from BCC is rare and cases of aggressive, local destructive, metastatic BCCs are more likely from tumors with aggressive histopathological (HP) patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate and correlate the immunohistochemical expression of p53, Ki67, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), cluster of differentiation (CD)44 and CD31 with both aggressive and nonaggressive types of BCCs. In our study, we observed a varied staining pattern for p53, with the highest reactivity noticed in the peripheral palisading zone. The staining pattern for Ki67 was similar to p53, with a more pronounced reaction in the periphery of the tumor. We found different Ki67 and p53 expression among the various subtypes of BCC. The CD31 reactivity, mostly seen in the stroma, was positive in all BCCs and varied significantly between its different HP subtypes. Regarding stromal expression of α-SMA, the adenoid and basosquamous types had the most intense reaction in our study. The CD44 tumor expression was correlated in our study to the aggressive pattern of BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Cojocaru
- Department of Oncology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ;
| | - Carrol Bîrjovanu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Ciurea
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Dragoș Niculescu
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Olguța-Anca Orzan
- Department of Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania , Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Ion
- Department of Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoș Ovidiu Alexandru
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ionica Pirici
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Elena Janina Vîlcea
- Department of Machine Construction Technology, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Marius Eugen Ciurea
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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