Investigation of Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

The Quality of Life of Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma and Stoma

Surgical treatment and formation of a stoma can be lifesaving for colorectal cancer patients. However, the quality of life is often impaired in patients with stoma. The goal of this study is to determine the quality of life of patients with stoma and cancer, and the relationship between the quality of life and characteristics of these patients.

The study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 and included a total of 64 patients of both sexes with colorectal cancer and temporary or permanent stoma. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer with Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQC29-30) and the anonymous WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 were used for self-assessment of quality of life.

Our study included 39 (61.0%) men and 25 (39.0%) women. 24 patients (37.5%) had colostomy, 14 patients (21.9%) had ileostomy, and 26 patients (40.6%) underwent surgery for resection of colorectal cancer without stoma. A significant number of women were in the group of patients with a permanent stoma (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the assessment of general health (p = 0.680) and quality of life (p = 0.721) during the past month in relation to gender. Patients without a stoma rated their general health better compared to those with stoma and the difference reached statistical significance (p = 0.035). There was no statistically significant difference in the assessment of quality of life between the group of patients with stoma and without stoma, as well as between the patients of different age groups.

Patients with stoma rated their general health as worse, but not their quality of life.

Perceived predictors of quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis

BACKGROUND

Reduced quality of life (QOL) is associated with shorter survival, and is more marked in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Predictors of health, which include policymaking, social factors, health services, individual behaviour, biology and genetics, have an impact on the QOL of patients with ESRD. Patients with ESRD in South Africa are cared for in public and private hospitals, with public health institutions characterised by several challenges.

OBJECTIVE

To explore and analyse the perceived predictors of QOL in patients with ESRD in the three district hospitals that provide renal services in KwaZulu-Natal.

METHODS

An exploratory, descriptive qualitative research approach based on grounded theory research design was used and three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The researcher recruited 18 participants, 6 in each focus group. Three phases of data analysis were followed: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.

RESULTS

Predictors of QOL that emerged were the geographic location of the patients, accessibility of haemodialysis centres, patients' adaptation and acceptance of the condition, self-management, support by family members and caregivers and availability of adequately trained nurses.

CONCLUSION

Predictors of QOL in patients with ESRD are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality resulting from dialysis. The broad range of dimensions of life is negatively affected and requires intervention by the renal team and policymakers to improve the QOL of patients.

Breast Cancer Patients' Perceptions of Their Experience With Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting and Its Impact on Quality of Life in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background

Breast cancer accounts for 11.6% of all neoplasms worldwide and is the commonest cancer among Saudi females (29.7%). Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a very common side effect of chemotherapy that has a great impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Literature is still scarce about this effect on the Saudi population. This study aims to explore breast cancer patients’ perception of their experience with CINV and its impact on QoL.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted on Saudi adult female breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data collected through patients’ records review, face-to-face and telephone structured interviews using a questionnaire composed of four parts: sociodemographic characteristics, nature of acute CINV (within 24 hours) and delayed CINV (after 24 hours), impact on QoL, and general information on their experience.

Results

Out of a total population of 173, 98 (56.65%) patients participated in the study. The main findings show that 78.6% experienced nausea, whereas 35.7% experienced vomiting. Most participants had a moderate-to-extreme impact on their QoL due to nausea (74.0%) and vomiting (62.9%). Overall, 57.5% rated anti-emetics as excellent for controlling CINV, whereas 22.9% rated them as moderate to good; 83.5% were completely compliant on anti-emetics and 71.1% reported that they received completely comprehensive education about CINV. Religious practices (74.4%), diet (57.7%), and relaxation techniques (44.9%) were found to be the most common non-pharmacological methods used to control CINV. No significant correlation was found between the effect of CINV on QoL and sociodemographic characteristics (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

CINV is very common among Saudi adult female breast cancer patients; despite being completely compliant and receiving comprehensive education and effective anti-emetics; CINV still had a high impact on different aspects of QoL. Health care professionals should consider CINV as an issue and should find effective strategies for alleviating patients’ suffering.

Symptoms in Advanced Cancer Patients in a Greek Hospital: a Descriptive Study

Background:

Advanced cancer patients experience several physical or psychological symptoms which require palliative care for alleviation.

Purpose:

To assess the prevalence and intensity of symptoms among cancer patients receiving palliative care in a Greek hospital and to examine the association between reported symptoms and social clinical and demographic characteristics.

Material-methods:

This descriptive research was conducted during a six-month period using a convenient sample of 123 advanced cancer patients. All participants were assessed for their symptoms using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) with a questionnaire covering demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:

The mean age was 63.8± 10.8 years, with lung and breast (58.5% and 11.4%, respectively) as the most common primary cancer types. The most severe symptoms were fatigue, sleep disturbance, dyspnea, depression and anxiety. Negative correlations were revealed between age and the following symptoms: pain (r = -0.354, p = 0.001), fatigue (r = -0.280, p = 0.002), nausea (r = -0.178, p = 0.049), anorexia (r = -0.188, p = 0.038), dyspnea (r = -0.251, p = 0.005), and depression (r = -0.223, p = 0.013). Advanced breast cancer patients scored higher in pain, fatigue and dyspnea compared to those with other cancers.

Conclusions:

Hospitalized cancer patients in Greece experience several symptoms during the last months of their life. These are influenced by demographic characteristics. Appropriate interventions are strongly advised with appropriate recognition and evaluation of symptoms by health professionals.