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Ibanez V, Vaitkus K, Ruiz MA, Lei Z, Maienschein-Cline M, Arbieva Z, Lavelle D. Effect of the LSD1 inhibitor RN-1 on γ-globin and global gene expression during erythroid differentiation in baboons (Papio anubis). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289860. [PMID: 38134183 PMCID: PMC10745162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of Fetal Hemoglobin interfere with polymerization of sickle hemoglobin thereby reducing anemia, lessening the severity of symptoms, and increasing life span of patients with sickle cell disease. An affordable, small molecule drug that stimulates HbF expression in vivo would be ideally suited to treat the large numbers of SCD patients that exist worldwide. Our previous work showed that administration of the LSD1 (KDM1A) inhibitor RN-1 to normal baboons increased Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) and was tolerated over a prolonged treatment period. HbF elevations were associated with changes in epigenetic modifications that included increased levels of H3K4 di-and tri-methyl lysine at the γ-globin promoter. While dramatic effects of the loss of LSD1 on hematopoietic differentiation have been observed in murine LSD1 gene deletion and silencing models, the effect of pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 in vivo on hematopoietic differentiation is unknown. The goal of these experiments was to investigate the in vivo mechanism of action of the LSD1 inhibitor RN-1 by determining its effect on γ-globin expression in highly purified subpopulations of bone marrow erythroid cells enriched for varying stages of erythroid differentiation isolated directly from baboons treated with RN-1 and also by investigating the effect of RN1 on the global transcriptome in a highly purified population of proerythroblasts. Our results show that RN-1 administered to baboons targets an early event during erythroid differentiation responsible for γ-globin repression and increases the expression of a limited number of genes including genes involved in erythroid differentiation such as GATA2, GFi-1B, and LYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzon Ibanez
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kestis Vaitkus
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria Armila Ruiz
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zhengdeng Lei
- Research Informatics Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zarema Arbieva
- Genomics Research Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Donald Lavelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Metabolomics Study of Serum Samples of β-YAC Transgenic Mice Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415750. [PMID: 36555396 PMCID: PMC9778960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic disorders and a life-threatening health issue in children. A cost-effective and safe therapeutic approach to treat this disease is to reactivate the γ-globin gene for fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production that has been silenced during infancy. Hydroxyurea (HU) is the only FDA approved HbF inducer. However, its cytotoxicity and inability to respond significantly in all patients pose a need for an HbF inducer with better efficacy. The study describes the serum metabolic alteration in β-YAC transgenic mice treated with Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) (n = 5), a newly identified HbF inducer, and compared to the mice groups treated with HU (n = 5) and untreated control (n = 5) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Various univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify discriminant metabolites that altered the biological pathways encompassing galactose metabolism, lactose degradation, and inositol. Furthermore, the decreased concentrations of L-fucose and geraniol in TDF-treated mice help in recovering towards normal, decreasing oxidative stress even much better than the HU-treated mice. The proposed study suggested that TDF can reduce the deficiency of blood required for β-thalassemia and can be used for the preclinical study at phase I/II for fetal hemoglobin production.
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Bou-Fakhredin R, De Franceschi L, Motta I, Cappellini MD, Taher AT. Pharmacological Induction of Fetal Hemoglobin in β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease: An Updated Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060753. [PMID: 35745672 PMCID: PMC9227505 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant amount of attention has recently been devoted to the mechanisms involved in hemoglobin (Hb) switching, as it has previously been established that the induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production in significant amounts can reduce the severity of the clinical course in diseases such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). While the induction of HbF using lentiviral and genome-editing strategies has been made possible, they present limitations. Meanwhile, progress in the use of pharmacologic agents for HbF induction and the identification of novel HbF-inducing strategies has been made possible as a result of a better understanding of γ-globin regulation. In this review, we will provide an update on all current pharmacological inducer agents of HbF in β-thalassemia and SCD in addition to the ongoing research into other novel, and potentially therapeutic, HbF-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.B.-F.); (I.M.)
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy;
| | - Irene Motta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.B.-F.); (I.M.)
- UOC General Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.B.-F.); (I.M.)
- UOC General Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (A.T.T.)
| | - Ali T. Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (A.T.T.)
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