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Wong JMH, Wooding DJ, Leung SE, Paquette V, Roberts A, Elwood C. Establishing obstetrics-specific metrics and interventions for antimicrobial stewardship. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2023; 8:116-124. [PMID: 38250287 PMCID: PMC10795696 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background To describe baseline antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) metrics and apply AMS interventions in an inpatient obstetrical population. Methods From October 2018 to October 2019, our tertiary-care obstetrical center reviewed components of our AMS program, which included: (1) antimicrobial consumption data, (2) point prevalence surveys (PPS), and (3) prospective audit and feedback. We reviewed institutional data for antimicrobial consumption from the pharmacy database. Detailed point prevalence surveys were conducted for all antimicrobial prescriptions on two predefined dates each month. Daily audits and feedback assessed the appropriateness of all non-protocolized antimicrobials. Results Our average antimicrobial length of therapy (LOT) was 12 days per 100 patient-days, where erythromycin (2.33), amoxicillin (2.28), and ampicillin (1.81) were the greatest contributors. Point prevalence surveys revealed that 28.8% of obstetrical inpatients were on antimicrobials, of which 11.2% were inappropriate. Protocolized antimicrobials were 62% less likely (p = 0.027) to be inappropriate. From 565 audited prescriptions, 110 (19.5%) resulted in feedback, where 90% of recommendations were accepted and implemented. The most common reasons for interventions include incorrect dosage, recommending a diagnostic test before continuing antimicrobials, and changing antimicrobials based on specific culture and sensitivity. Conclusions Antimicrobial use in obstetrics is unique compared to general inpatients. We provide a baseline set of metrics for AMS at our obstetrical center intending to lay the groundwork for AMS programming in our discipline. Antimicrobial protocolization, as well as audit and feedback, are feasible interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Man Hay Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Denise J Wooding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah E Leung
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vanessa Paquette
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chelsea Elwood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Enoxacin-based derivatives: antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent: a biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS) approach. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:947-962. [PMID: 35695000 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To find alternative molecules against Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, new enoxacin derivatives were synthesized and screened. Methods: All derivatives exhibited promising antibacterial activities as compared to standard enoxacin (2 μg/ml) and standard cefixime (82 μg/ml). Compounds 2, 3 and 5 significantly downregulated the gene expression of biofilm-forming genes. Conclusion: Based on our results, these molecules may serve as potential drug candidates to cure several bacterial infections in the future.
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Macht L, Worlitzsch D, Braijoshri N, Bequiri P, Zudock J, Zilezinski M, Stoevesandt D, Smith J, Hofstetter S. COVID-19: Development and implementation of a video-conference-based educational concept to improve the hygiene skills of health and nursing professionals in the Republic of Kosovo. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2022; 17:Doc09. [PMID: 35707230 PMCID: PMC9175063 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic caught the health care systems of all countries unprepared. For the further education of healthcare personnel in the Republic of Kosovo, it became necessary to implement a concept for practical training in hygienic working. A video-conference-based educational concept to bridge the physical distance between Germany and Kosovo enabled the rapid, theoretical and practical transfer of knowledge. METHODS Current evidence on COVID-19 and Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) were researched. Healthcare staff in Pristina were advised and trained in ten online sessions on hygienic working under pandemic conditions via the "Logitech Rally for DFNconf" video conferencing system. The seminars were interpreted consecutively (Albanian). The Situational Judgement Test (HygiKo-SJT) should describe changes in participants' hygiene knowledge. RESULTS A total of 25 people were trained in hygiene-related knowledge in terms of basic and specific hygiene for COVID-19. The weekly training sessions made it possible to address questions and subsequently provide practical knowledge. The HygiKo-SJT did not show a generalizable, measurable improvement in hygiene competence. CONCLUSION Participants benefited from the concept and rapid implementation of a live video-conference-based seminar on "Hygiene under Pandemic Conditions". The positive experience in terms of guidance, advice and training provides the basis for implementing a dedicated "Hygiene" module in Kosovo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Macht
- Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Stabsstelle Krankenhaushygiene, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dieter Worlitzsch
- Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Stabsstelle Krankenhaushygiene, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Petrit Bequiri
- Kolegji Heimerer, Lagja Kalabri, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Jacqueline Zudock
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Dorothea Erxleben Lernzentrum, SkillsLab, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Max Zilezinski
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, AG Versorgungsforschung, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dietrich Stoevesandt
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Dorothea Erxleben Lernzentrum, SkillsLab, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jamie Smith
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Klinische Pflegewissenschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hofstetter
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Dorothea Erxleben Lernzentrum, SkillsLab, Halle (Saale), Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Sebastian Hofstetter, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Medizinische Fakultät – FORMAT-Projekt, Magdeburger Str. 12, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany, E-mail:
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Levy Hara G, Rojas-Cortés R, Molina León HF, Dreser Mansilla A, Alfonso Orta I, Rizo-Amezquita JN, Santos Herrera RG, Mendoza de Ayala S, Arce Villalobos M, Mantilla Ponte H, Davila E, Aguilar G, Porrás A, Ramón-Pardo P, Castro JL. Point prevalence survey of antibiotic use in hospitals in Latin American countries. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:807-815. [PMID: 34957520 PMCID: PMC9092443 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point prevalence surveys (PPSs) on antibiotic use are useful for understanding different aspects related to prescription patterns in hospitals. METHODS An adaptation of the WHO methodology for a PPS on antibiotic use was applied. Hospital wards were divided into medical (MED), surgical (SUR), ICUs, gynaecology and obstetrics (GO), high-risk (HR) and mixed wards (MIX). A web application (RedCap©) through a mobile device was used for data collection. RESULTS Between December 2018 and August 2019, 5444 patients in 33 hospitals in five countries were included (10 hospitals in Cuba, 7 in Paraguay, 6 in El Salvador, 5 in Mexico and 5 in Peru). Of these patients, 54.6% received at least one antibiotic, with variations between and within hospitals and countries. Antibiotics were more frequently used in ICUs (67.2%), SUR (64.5%) and MED wards (54.2%), with 51.2% of antibiotics prescribed for community-acquired infections (CAIs), 22.9% for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), 11.1% for surgical prophylaxis and 6.1% for unknown reasons. Adherence to guidelines was observed in 68.6% of cases (72.8% for CAIs, 72.4% for HAIs and 44.3% for prophylaxis). Third-generation cephalosporins were the class of antibiotics most frequently used (26.8%), followed by carbapenems (10.3%) and fluoroquinolones (8%). Targeted treatments were achieved in 17.3% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic use was generally higher than that published in other studies. There is an urgent need to promote and strengthen the antimicrobial stewardship programmes in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Rojas-Cortés
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ismary Alfonso Orta
- Centro para el Control Estatal de Medicamentos, Equipos y Dispositivos Médicos, Ciudad Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Hilda Mantilla Ponte
- Dirección General de Medicamentos, Insumos y Drogas, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - Ever Davila
- División General de Insumos Médicos, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Gloria Aguilar
- Instituto Regional de Investigación en Salud, Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay
| | - Analía Porrás
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pilar Ramón-Pardo
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - José Luis Castro
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
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Mustafa L, Islami H, Sutej I. Administration of Systemic Antibiotics for Dental Treatment in Kosovo Major Dental Clinics: A National Survey. Eur J Dent 2022; 16:430-436. [PMID: 35016236 PMCID: PMC9339925 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibiotics misuse and a high level of antibiotics resistance is observed worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. Kosovo in the last decade is facing challenges regarding antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate patterns of antibiotics prescriptions of dentists in Kosovo's major dental clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS For Kosovo's prescribing pattern, data collection was obtained from 10 Regional Dental Clinics and a Tertiary Health Center regarding patients who were prescribed antibiotics in the years 2015 to 2019. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics and was processed by using MS Excel. RESULTS Most prescribed antibiotic during the observed period from 2015 to 2019 in Kosovo was amoxicillin, although a drastic increase of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid-as a broad-spectrum antibiotic-is observed. The trend of antibiotics use in tertiary health institutions is in an overall decrease in Kosovo with an exception in the year 2017. Despite this overall decrease, inconsistency in prescribing is observed when the pattern is analyzed for each region separately. The highest number of patients in health care dental clinics received antibiotics for maxilla-related health conditions and the lowest number of them for oncologic ones. CONCLUSION The patterns of antibiotics prescriptions by dental practitioners in Kosovo during the years 2015 to 2019 are fluctuating. Compared with the global health care standards, the irrational use of antibiotics in dental health care clinics in Kosovo still exist and this issue should be further addressed by respective actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirim Mustafa
- Department of Health Management - Economy, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hilmi Islami
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Faculty, University "Hasan Prishtina", Kosovo, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Ivana Sutej
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University in Zagreb, Croatia
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Shakya S, Edwards J, Gupte HA, Shrestha S, Shakya BM, Parajuli K, Kattel HP, Shrestha PS, Ghimire R, Thekkur P. High multidrug resistance in urinary tract infections in a tertiary hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Public Health Action 2021; 11:24-31. [PMID: 34778012 PMCID: PMC8575380 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Tribhuvan University Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, May–October 2019. OBJECTIVE: 1) To describe the bacteriological profile, 2) to identify the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern, and 3) to find the demographic characteristics associated with the presence of bacterial growth and multidrug resistance (MDR) in adult urine samples undergoing culture and drug susceptibility testing. DESIGN: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study using routine laboratory records. RESULTS: Among 11,776 urine samples, 16% (1,865/11,776) were culture-positive, predominantly caused by Escherichia coli (1,159/1,865; 62%). We found a high prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic (1,573/1,865; 84%) and MDR (1,000/1,865; 54%). Resistance to commonly used antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs) such as ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cefepime and ampicillin was high. Patients aged ⩾60 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.7) were more likely to have culture positivity. Patients with age ⩾45 years (45–59 years: aPR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.7; ⩾60 years: aPR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6), male sex (aPR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5) and from inpatient settings (aPR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.7) had significantly higher prevalence of MDR. CONCLUSION: Urine samples from a tertiary hospital showed high prevalence of E. coli and MDR to routinely used antibiotics, especially among inpatients. Regular surveillance and application of updated antibiograms are crucial to monitor the AMR situation in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shakya
- Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J Edwards
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H A Gupte
- Narotam Sekhsaria Foundation, Mumbai, India
| | - S Shrestha
- World Health Emergencies Programme, WHO Country Office, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B M Shakya
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K Parajuli
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - H P Kattel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P S Shrestha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Ghimire
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P Thekkur
- Centre for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France.,Centre for Operational Research, The Union South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
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7
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Brinkwirth S, Ayobami O, Eckmanns T, Markwart R. Hospital-acquired infections caused by enterococci: a systematic review and meta-analysis, WHO European Region, 1 January 2010 to 4 February 2020. Euro Surveill 2021; 26:2001628. [PMID: 34763754 PMCID: PMC8646982 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.45.2001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHospital-acquired infections (HAI) caused by Enterococcus spp., especially vancomycin-resistant Enterococcusspp. (VRE), are of rising concern.AimWe summarised data on incidence, mortality and proportion of HAI caused by enterococci in the World Health Organization European Region.MethodsWe searched Medline and Embase for articles published between 1 January 2010 and 4 February 2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain pooled estimates.ResultsWe included 75 studies. Enterococcus spp. and VRE accounted for 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.7-13.4; range: 6.1-17.5) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.21-2.7; range: 0.39-2.0) of all pathogens isolated from patients with HAI. Hospital wide, the pooled incidence of HAI caused by Enterococcus spp. ranged between 0.7 and 24.8 cases per 1,000 patients (pooled estimate: 6.9; 95% CI: 0.76-19.0). In intensive care units (ICU), pooled incidence of HAI caused by Enterococcus spp. and VRE was 9.6 (95% CI: 6.3-13.5; range: 0.39-36.0) and 2.6 (95% CI: 0.53-5.8; range: 0-9.7). Hospital wide, the pooled vancomycin resistance proportion among Enterococcus spp. HAI isolates was 7.3% (95% CI: 1.5-16.3; range: 2.6-11.5). In ICU, this proportion was 11.5% (95% CI: 4.7-20.1; range: 0-40.0). Among patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections with Enterococcus spp., pooled all-cause mortality was 21.9% (95% CI: 15.7-28.9; range: 14.3-32.3); whereas all-cause mortality attributable to VRE was 33.5% (95% CI: 13.0-57.3; range: 14.3-41.3).ConclusionsInfections caused by Enterococcus spp. are frequently identified among hospital patients and associated with high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brinkwirth
- Unit 37: Nosocomial Infections, Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaniyi Ayobami
- Unit 37: Nosocomial Infections, Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- Unit 37: Nosocomial Infections, Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robby Markwart
- Unit 37: Nosocomial Infections, Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena, Germany
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Russo Fiorino G, Maniglia M, Marchese V, Aprea L, Torregrossa MV, Campisi F, Favaro D, Calamusa G, Amodio E. Healthcare-associated infections over an eight year period in a large university hospital in Sicily (Italy, 2011-2018). J Infect Prev 2021; 22:220-230. [PMID: 34659460 DOI: 10.1177/17571774211012448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Up to 7% of hospitalised patients acquire at least one healthcare-associated infection (HAI). The aim of the present study was to quantify the burden of HAIs in an Italian hospital, identifying involved risk factors. Methods Prevalence point study carried out from 2011 to 2018. For each recruited patient, a data entry form was compiled including information on demographics, hospital admission, risk factors, antimicrobial treatment, and infection if present. Results A total of 2844 patients were included and 218 (7.03%) reported an infection. HAI prevalence rates showed a significant increase (average annual per cent change (AAPC) +33.9%; p=0.018) from 2011 to 2014 whereas from 2014 to 2018 a gradual decline was observed (AAPC -6.15%; p=0.35). Urinary tract infection was the most common HAI (25.2%) and a total of 166 (76.1%) pathogens were isolated from 218 infections. Enterococcus and Klebsiella species were the most prevalent pathogens, causing 15.1% and 14.5% of HAIs, respectively. A significant higher risk of HAIs was found in patients exposed to central catheter (adjusted odds ratio (adj-OR)=5.40), peripheral catheter (adj-OR=1.89), urinary catheter (adj-OR=1.46), National Healthcare Safety Network surgical intervention (adj-OR=1.48), ultimately fatal disease (adj-OR=2.19) or rapidly fatal disease (adj-OR=2.09) and in patients with longer hospital stay (adj-OR=1.01). Conclusion Intervention programmes based on guidelines dissemination and personnel training can contribute to reduce the impact of HAI. Moreover, McCabe score can be a very powerful and efficient predictor of risk for HAI. Finally, an unexpected very high burden of disease due to Enterobacteriaceae and Gram positive cocci that could be related to the frequent use of carbapenems and third generation cephalosporins in this hospital was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Russo Fiorino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Maniglia
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchese
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Aprea
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone" Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria V Torregrossa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone" Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Campisi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Favaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calamusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone" Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amodio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Italy
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Ketata N, Ben Ayed H, Ben Hmida M, Trigui M, Ben Jemaa M, Yaich S, Maamri H, Baklouti M, Jedidi J, Kassis M, Feki H, Damak J. Point prevalence survey of health-care associated infections and their risk factors in the tertiary-care referral hospitals of Southern Tunisia. Infect Dis Health 2021; 26:284-291. [PMID: 34334351 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-care associated infections (HAI) are considered a public health problem and have substantial effect on mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HAI in South Tunisian University Hospitals (UH) and to identify their risk factors. METHODS We performed a point prevalence study, in the UH of Southern Tunisia in February 2019, including all hospitalized patients for at least 48 hours. RESULTS Overall, 898 patients were included in this survey, among whom 480 participants (53.5%) were males. There were 81 HAIs, accounting for a prevalence of HAI of 9.02%. Urinary tract infections (28.4%) were the most common HAI, followed by respiratory tract infections (22.2%). The main identified microorganisms among HAI patients were Klebsiella pneumonia (22.7%) and Escherichia coli (20.7%). Independent intrinsic risk factors of high prevalence of HAI were diabetes (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=3.5;p=0.016) having a rapidly fatal disease (AOR=4;p=0.024) and an ASA scores ≥2 (AOR=2.8;p=0.045). As for extrinsic risk factors, admission in ICU (AOR=11.1;p= 0.04), a length of hospital stay ≥ 7 days (AOR=4.1;p=0.04), previous hospitalization within 90 days prior to the admission (AOR=4.2;p=0.01) and having a peripheral vascular catheter (AOR=6.7; p=0.039) were independently associated with higher prevalence of HAI. Lower prevalence of HAI was independently associated with prescription of antimicrobial preoperative prophylaxis (AOR= 0.1; p=0.02). CONCLUSION Our findings illustrated high prevalence of HAI in South Tunisian Hospitals, affecting principally fragilized patients who may require special needs. Therefore, promoting hygiene programs for health professionals to establish patient safety's culture is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Ketata
- Preventive Medicine and Hygiene Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia.
| | - Houda Ben Ayed
- Preventive Medicine and Hygiene Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ben Hmida
- Preventive Medicine and Hygiene Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Trigui
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Maissa Ben Jemaa
- Preventive Medicine and Hygiene Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Sourour Yaich
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Maamri
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Baklouti
- Preventive Medicine and Hygiene Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Jedidi
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Kassis
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Habib Feki
- Preventive Medicine and Hygiene Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Damak
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3093, Tunisia
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Boora S, Singh P, Verma A, Chauhan A, Lathwal A, Mathur P. Point-Prevalence Survey for the Hospital-Acquired Infections in Intensive Care Units of Trauma Center in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India. J Lab Physicians 2021; 14:115-118. [PMID: 35982872 PMCID: PMC9381306 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The burden of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is all assumption based, and the true burden remains unknown in most countries, particularly in the developing countries where healthcare facilities are suboptimal and knowledge is limited.
Methodology
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the trauma center of a tertiary care institute from August to September 2019, to assess the burden of HAI and antibiotic resistance pattern of HAI. The total sample size in our study was 105. Our objective was to estimate the point prevalence of HAI and study the associated factors in a tertiary care hospital.
Result
In this study, the point prevalence of HAI was five to six times higher when compared with that of developed countries. Gram-negative organisms were the predominant bacteria; with
Acinetobacter baumannii
the most common among them.
Conclusion
Point-prevalence survey is an important objective of the antimicrobial stewardship program; it will be helpful in controlling antimicrobial resistance and this tool plays a significant role in hospital settings. Our study is quite pertinent to assess the point prevalence of HAI. It will help in knowing the current prevalence and pattern of the HAI. Therefore, as healthcare administrators, we can further decrease the HAI for better patient outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Boora
- Hospital Administration, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Singh
- Departments of Microbiology, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Verma
- Hospital Administration, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Chauhan
- Hospital Administration, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Lathwal
- Hospital Administration, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Departments of Microbiology, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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11
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Karabay O, Ince N, Aypak A, Guclu E, Bodur H. Antibiotic usage in hospitalized patients: a one-day point prevalence study. J Chemother 2020; 32:188-192. [PMID: 32393151 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1755592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Measurements are one of the most important means of evaluating the quality of antibiotic consumption. This study has evaluated the antibiotic consumption using one-day point prevalence study data collected from different hospitals in Turkey. This research was planned as a multicenter point surveillance study which aimed demonstrating the use of antibiotics among inpatients in Turkey. On the day of surveillance, demographic data from 21,920 inpatients, names of antibiotics used by the inpatients, number of antibiotics approved by infectious disease specialist (IDS), and the length of antibiotic use were recorded. These results showed that 30.3% of patients were using antibiotics and 57.7% of those were IDS-approved. The rate of IDS-approved antibiotic consumption was higher for internal medicine wards and in intensive care units, whereas non-IDS-approved antibiotics were used among inpatients of surgical wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Karabay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Ince
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Düzce University School of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Adalet Aypak
- Clinic of infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Guclu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hurrem Bodur
- Clinic of infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
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