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Hofacre CL, Mathis GF, Lumpkins BS, Sygall R, Vaessen S, Hofacre CS, Smith JA, Clanton E. Efficacy of Butyric and Valeric Acid Esters in a Necrotic Enteritis Challenge Model. Avian Dis 2021; 64:407-414. [PMID: 33205166 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in poultry production have increased interest in nonantibiotic alternatives to control necrotic enteritis (NE). Volatile fatty acids, and in particular butyric acid preparations, have shown potential as aids in controlling NE. Valeric acid compounds may be a new additional alternative. This series of three trials compared the effects of tributyrin, monovalerin, which is an organic acid mixture, and bacitracin in a NE challenge model consisting of challenge with coccidiosis followed by Clostridium perfringens. Trial 1 was a pen trial comparing tributyrin at 0.5 kg/metric ton continuously in the feed, a proprietary organic acid blend at 1 kg per 1000 L as a metaphylactic treatment in the water, and bacitracin in the feed at 55 g/metric ton. Tributyrin and the organic acid mixture were at least as effective as bacitracin in controlling the growth- and efficiency-suppressing effects of the NE challenge, and the organic acid mixture reduced NE lesion scores. None of the treatments reduced mortality. Trial 2 was a battery study comparing monovalerin at 1.5 kg/metric ton and bacitracin in the feed. Both interventions provided significant control of both clinical and subclinical NE, with bacitracin being slightly superior to monovalerin. Trial 3 was a pen trial comparing monovalerin at 1 kg or 1.5 kg/metric ton continuously, or 0.5 kg/metric ton from 0 to 14 days and 0.25 kg/metric ton from 14 to 42 days (variable dose), to tributyrin at the same variable-dose schedule. The higher dose of monovalerin appeared to suppress feed intake and weight gain prechallenge but also produced the lowest NE mortality and the lowest total mortality of the challenged groups. All of the treatments except the variable-dose monovalerin treatment demonstrated reductions in NE lesion scores compared with the positive challenge control group; however, they did not control mortality and had fewer effects on the performance effects of subclinical NE. Results of these studies indicate that the organic acid products monovalerin and tributyrin may be useful adjuncts to reduce NE in antibiotic-free broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Hofacre
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., 1061 Hale Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677
| | - Greg F Mathis
- Southern Poultry Research, Inc., 2011 Brock Road, Athens, GA 30607-3153
| | - Brett S Lumpkins
- Southern Poultry Research, Inc., 2011 Brock Road, Athens, GA 30607-3153
| | - Richard Sygall
- Perstorp BU Feed and Food, Perstorp Waspik BV, Industrieweg 8, 5165 NH Waspik, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vaessen
- Perstorp BU Feed and Food, Perstorp Waspik BV, Industrieweg 8, 5165 NH Waspik, the Netherlands
| | - Christa S Hofacre
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., 1061 Hale Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677
| | - John A Smith
- Alectryon LLC, 395 Ridge Circle, Baldwin, GA 30511-3409
| | - Eric Clanton
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., 1061 Hale Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677
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Dabbou S, Lauwaerts A, Ferrocino I, Biasato I, Sirri F, Zampiga M, Bergagna S, Pagliasso G, Gariglio M, Colombino E, Narro CG, Gai F, Capucchio MT, Gasco L, Cocolin L, Schiavone A. Modified Black Soldier Fly Larva Fat in Broiler Diet: Effects on Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Parameters, Histomorphological Features and Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061837. [PMID: 34205603 PMCID: PMC8233813 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.; BSF) is gaining interest as a functional feed additive, due to the high amount of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and monoglycerides, which provide antimicrobial activities and stimulate gastrointestinal health through inhibition of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The present study evaluated the effect of BSF and modified BSF larvae fat in broiler chicken’s diet. Overall results were comparable among the studied diets, suggesting that modified BSF larvae fat showed a positive modulation of fecal microbiota by a positive reduction in potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium and Corynebacterium, without affecting intestinal morphology or showing any adverse histopathological alternations. Abstract In this study, a total of 200 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned to four dietary treatments (5 pens/treatment and 10 birds/pen) for two feeding phases: starter (0–11 days of age) and grower-finisher (11–33 days of age). A basal diet containing soy oil (SO) as added fat was used as control group (C), tested against three experimental diets where the SO was partially substituted by BSF larvae fat (BSF) or one of two types of modified BSF larvae fat (MBSF1 and MBSF2, respectively). The two modified BSF larvae fats had a high and low ratio of monobutyrin to monoglycerides of medium chain fatty acid, respectively. Diet did not influence the growth or slaughter performance, pH, color, or the chemical composition of breast and thigh muscles, gut morphometric indices, or histopathological alterations in all the organs. As far as fecal microbiota are concerned, MBSF1 and MBSF2 diets reduced the presence of Clostridium and Corynebacterium, which can frequently cause infection in poultry. In conclusion, modified BSF larva fat may positively modulate the fecal microbiota of broiler chickens without influencing the growth performance and intestinal morphology or showing any adverse histopathological alternations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | | | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (I.B.); (L.G.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (I.B.); (L.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Pagliasso
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (M.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (M.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Carlos Garcés Narro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara de Patriarca, E-46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (M.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (I.B.); (L.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (I.B.); (L.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (M.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.C.); (A.S.)
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Mannelli F, Minieri S, Tosi G, Secci G, Daghio M, Massi P, Fiorentini L, Galigani I, Lancini S, Rapaccini S, Antongiovanni M, Mancini S, Buccioni A. Effect of Chestnut Tannins and Short Chain Fatty Acids as Anti-Microbials and as Feeding Supplements in Broilers Rearing and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090659. [PMID: 31492039 PMCID: PMC6769924 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poultry industry needs to replace antibiotics with natural or synthetic compounds able to overcome problems linked to the development of bacterial resistance. Tannins and short chain fatty acids are valid alternatives to contrast the growth of pathogens. However, tannins may induce detrimental effects on animal performances, especially in monogastrics, causing damage on gut villi. In contrast, short chain fatty acids are very efficient in influencing positively the morphology of small intestine wall. Hence, the aim of this trial was to develop a feeding strategy for broiler rearing, based on the use of chestnut tannins and short chain fatty acids administered as blends. No differences in animal performances or in meat quality were found among feeding groups. The results suggested that the mix of these supplements did not have negative effects on the productive performances, representing a promising alternative to antibiotics. However, further investigation is needed to better understand the effects of these supplements on animals in stress conditions. Abstract Chestnut tannins (CT) and saturated short medium chain fatty acids (SMCFA) are valid alternatives to contrast the growth of pathogens in poultry rearing, representing a valid alternative to antibiotics. However, the effect of their blends has never been tested. Two blends of CT extract and Sn1-monoglycerides of SMCFA (SN1) were tested in vitro against the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella typhymurium, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni. The tested concentrations were: 3.0 g/kg of CT; 3.0 g/kg of SN1; 2.0 g/kg of CT and 1.0 g/kg of SN1; 1.0 g/kg of CT and 2.0 g/kg of SN1. Furthermore, their effect on broiler performances and meat quality was evaluated in vivo: one-hundred Ross 308 male birds were fed a basal diet with no supplement (control group) or supplemented with CT or SN1 or their blends at the same concentration used in the in vitro trial. The in vitro assay confirmed the effectiveness of the CT and SN1 mixtures in reducing the growth of the tested bacteria while the in vivo trial showed that broiler performances, animal welfare and meat quality were not negatively affected by the blends, which could be a promising alternative in replacing antibiotics in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 20144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sara Minieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Istituto zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna-Sezione di Forlì, via don Eugenio Servadei 3/E-3/F, 47122 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Giulia Secci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 20144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Matteo Daghio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 20144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Paola Massi
- Istituto zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna-Sezione di Forlì, via don Eugenio Servadei 3/E-3/F, 47122 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Laura Fiorentini
- Istituto zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna-Sezione di Forlì, via don Eugenio Servadei 3/E-3/F, 47122 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Galigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 20144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Silvano Lancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 20144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Stefano Rapaccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 20144 Firenze, Italy.
| | | | - Simone Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 20144 Firenze, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Valorizzazione degli Alimenti, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
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