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Elmas O, Sahin HHK, Keskin E, Guven B, Uslu Erdemir R, ALMisned G, Zakaly HMH, Ene A, Tekin HO. Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We report the radioprotective attitude of Annona muricata (AM) leaf extract as antioxidant material to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue. The protective effects of an ethyl acetate extract of AM leaves are comprehensively investigated against radiation-induced ileal damage in numerous rats. Thirty-two adult female rats were separated into 4 groups (3 intervention groups and 1 control) as follows: controls received 0.01 mL/kg distilled water, the AM group received 300 mg/kg AM leaf extract, the ionizing radiation (IR) group received a single dose of whole body radiation (8.3 Gy) after 0.01 mL/kg saline treatment, and the AM + IR group received 300 mg/kg AM leaf extract treatment and were subjected to whole body radiation (8.3 Gy) 1 h after the last gavage. All treatments are administered by oral gavage once a day for 9 days. At the end of the experiment, biochemical total oxidant status (TOS, interleukin-6, and caspase) and histological examinations are performed on blood samples as well as ileum tissue. TOS levels are found to be significantly high in rats, which received irradiation, and those in the AM group when compared to controls. These findings suggest that AM has radioprotective effects on ileum tissue, likely because of its antioxidative properties. The findings of this research may contribute to the minimizing of major side effects induced by excessive radiation exposure in patients undergoing radiotherapy and may serve as a significant impetus for further assessments. However, future studies are highly recommended to confirm safety and to determine extraction technique and dosage before human use can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Elmas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Havva Hande Keser Sahin
- Department of Pathology, Hitit University Corum Training and Research Hospital , Corum , Turkey
| | - Emrah Keskin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Berrak Guven
- Department of Biochemistry, Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Rabiye Uslu Erdemir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Ghada ALMisned
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M. H. Zakaly
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University , 620002 Ekaterinburg , Russia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524 , Egypt
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- Department of Chemistry, INPOLDE Research Center, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati , 47 Domneasca Street , 800008 Galati , Romania
| | - Huseyin Ozan Tekin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , 27272 , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
- Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University , Istanbul 34396 , Turkey
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Iqbal S, Shah MA, Rasul A, Saadullah M, Tabassum S, Ali S, Zafar M, Muhammad H, Uddin MS, Batiha GES, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C. Radioprotective Potential of Nutraceuticals and their Underlying Mechanism of Action. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:40-52. [PMID: 33622231 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210223101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiations are an efficient treatment modality in cancer therapy. Besides the treatment effects of radiations, the ionizing radiations interact with biological systems and generate reactive oxygen species that interfere with the normal cellular process. Previous investigations of synthetic radioprotectors have shown less effectiveness, mainly owing to some limiting effects. The nutraceuticals act as efficient radioprotectors to protect the tissues from the deleterious effects of radiation. The main radioprotection mechanism of nutraceuticals is the scavenging of free radicals while other strategies are involved modulation of signaling transduction of pathways like MAPK (JNK, ERK1/2, ERK5, and P38), NF-kB, cytokines, and their protein regulatory genes expression. The current review is focused on the radioprotective effects of nutraceuticals including vitamin E, -C, organosulphur compounds, phenylpropanoids, and polysaccharides. These natural entities protect against radiation-induced DNA damage. The review mainly entails the antioxidant perspective and mechanism of action of their radioprotective activities on a molecular level, DNA repair pathway, anti-inflammation, immunomodulatory effects, the effect on cellular signaling pathways, and regeneration of hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnoor Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Malik Saadullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Shujat Ali
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013. China
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Haji Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Karachi. Pakistan
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka. Pakistan
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira. Egypt
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Centro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bacteriología Alimentaria (CLEIBA), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima15001. Peru
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Varner C, Patil R, Godawat R, Warikoo V, Konstantinov K, Brower KP. Gamma irradiating chromatography columns enables bioburden-free integrated continuous biomanufacturing. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000298. [PMID: 33314754 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An important consideration for integrated continuous biomanufacturing is that the downstream chromatography steps integrated with the bioreactor should maintain a low bioburden state throughout the entire duration of the operation. One potential strategy to achieve this is to start bioburden-free and functionally close the chromatography system. While chromatography skids themselves can be rendered bioburden-free, limitations exist in applying these methods to chromatography columns. The small column sizes used in continuous multicolumn chromatography enable gamma irradiation of disposable columns to render them bioburden-free. However, this approach has not been widely implemented, likely because gamma irradiation can negatively impact resin performance. Here, several protective mobile-phase modifiers were screened and shown to help chromatography resins retain naïve-like performance. Gamma irradiated columns were then integrated into perfusion bioreactors for continuous capture. Successful integrated continuous capture downstream of perfusion bioreactors for greater than 40 days using protein A, custom affinity, and non-affinity capture resins for multiple biologic modalities is demonstrated in development and commercial settings. No indications of time-based performance decline or bioburden growth have been observed. This strategy enables bioburden-free integrated continuous biomanufacturing operations and could allow full process closure and decreased environmental control requirements for facilities; thus, permitting simultaneous multi-product operations in a ballroom arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Varner
- Purification Process Development, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohan Patil
- Purification Process Development, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rahul Godawat
- Process Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Veena Warikoo
- Pharma Global Technical Innovation, Roche, Switzerland
| | | | - Kevin P Brower
- Purification Process Development, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
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The Radioprotective Effect of Procaine and Procaine-Derived Product Gerovital H3 in Lymphocytes from Young and Aged Individuals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3580934. [PMID: 32685092 PMCID: PMC7334788 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3580934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces genomic instability in living organisms, and several studies reported an ageing-dependent radiosensitivity. Chemical compounds, such as scavengers, radioprotectors, and modifiers, contribute to reducing the radiation-associated toxicity. These compounds are often antioxidants, and therefore, in order to be effective, they must be present before or during exposure to radiation. However, not all antioxidants provide radioprotection. In this study, we investigated the effects of procaine and of a procaine-based product Gerovital H3 (GH3) on the formation of endogenous and X-ray-induced DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from young and elderly individuals. Interestingly, GH3 showed the strongest radioprotective effects in PBMCs from young subjects, while procaine reduced the endogenous amount of DNA strand breaks more pronounced in aged individuals. Both procaine and GH3 inhibited lipid peroxidation, but procaine was more effective in inhibiting mitochondria free radicals' generation, while GH3 showed a higher antioxidant action on macrophage-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the distinct effects of procaine and GH3 on DNA damage.
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Mohan S, Gupta D. Role of Nrf2-antioxidant in radioprotection by root extract of Inula racemosa. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1122-1134. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1607607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Mohan
- Division of Capacity Enhancement and Product Induction, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Damodar Gupta
- Division of Capacity Enhancement and Product Induction, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
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Rim CH, Koun S, Park HC, Lee S, Kim CY. Radioprotective effects of mistletoe extract in zebrafish embryos in vivo. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1150-1159. [PMID: 30836032 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1590661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Radioprotectors can enhance the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy, but their clinical use remains uncommon. The present study aimed to assess the radioprotective potential of mistletoe extract (commercial name: Abnoba Viscum), a well-known complementary cancer medicine, in zebrafish larvae. Materials and methods: Wild-type AB zebrafish embryos at 4 h-post-fertilization were exposed to 5 Gy 9-MeV electron beam irradiation after being treated for 1 h with 4 mMl/L amifostine or 0.2 mg/ml Abnoba Viscum A, F, M, or Q. Primary endpoints were abnormality-free survival and abnormality-free rates among survivors at 5 days-post-fertilization. Results: The crude abnormality-free survival rates were 33.7%, 49.0%, 38.8%, 43.9%, 38.1%, and 52.6%, whereas abnormality-free rates among survivors were 36.4%, 49.6%, 37.8%, 45.6%, 52.0%, and 62.8% for the control (with no pharmacologic treatment), amifostine, Abnoba Viscum A, F, M, and Q groups, respectively. Abnormality-free survival rates in the amifostine and Abnoba Viscum Q groups were significantly different from those in the control (p = .040 and .012, respectively), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-3.51] and 2.20 (95% CI: 1.19-4.08), respectively. Abnormality-free rates among survivors in the amifostine and Abnoba Viscum M and Q groups were significantly different from those in the control group (p = .048, .042, and <.001, respectively), with an OR of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.00-3.20), 1.82 (95% CI: 1.02-3.26), and 2.98 (1.67-5.33), respectively. Conclusion: Abnoba Viscum Q has at least a similar radioprotective effect to that of amifostine. Mistletoe extracts have been clinically applied for a long time and their effectiveness and feasibility have been verified. Abnoba Viscum Q might be a new candidate radioprotectant to enhance cancer radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hong Rim
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Ansan Hospital , Gyeonggido , Republic of Korea
| | - Soonil Koun
- b Biomedical Research Center Korea University Ansan Hospital , Gyeonggido , Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- c Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Korea University Graduate School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Lee
- d Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Yong Kim
- d Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Jafarpour SM, Salimian M, Mohseni M, Talari HR, Aliasgharzadeh A, Farhood B, Moradi H, Safari H. Evaluation of Ameliorative Potential of Vitamins E and C on DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) in Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography (CT): A Clinical Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2019; 7:226-233. [PMID: 31516882 PMCID: PMC6709935 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.4.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important diagnostic X-ray procedures which plays an important role in increasing the patient dose values. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamins E and C in lowering down the level of DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by CT scan. Sixty patients for abdomen/pelvic enhanced CT scan were randomly assigned to placebo (control), vitamin C, and vitamin E groups. The patient blood samples were taken before and immediately after the CT scan. Counting the number of DSB was performed using γ-H2AX method as a sensitive biomarker. Immediately after the CT scan, the mean number of DSBs/cell increased in all three groups of control (131%, P<0.001), vitamin C (103%, P <0.001), and vitamin E (66%, P<0.001) compared to their mean before the CT scan. Furthermore, the results showed that vitamin E decreased the mean number of DSBs/cell by 22% in comparison with the control group (P =0.023), whereas vitamin C had no significant effect on reducing the DSB (<3%, P =0.741). It is concluded that the administration of vitamin E one hour before the CT scan, significantly decreases DSB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Masoud Jafarpour
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Morteza Salimian
- Department of Medical laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Talari
- Department of Radiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Habiballah Moradi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Safari
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cheki M, Shirazi A, Mahmoudzadeh A, Bazzaz JT, Hosseinimehr SJ. The radioprotective effect of metformin against cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation in cultured human blood lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 809:24-32. [PMID: 27692296 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed drug used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, the radioprotective effect of metformin was investigated against cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes were treated with metformin at concentrations 10 and 50μM for 2h and irradiated with 6MV X-rays. The radiation antagonistic potential of metformin was assessed by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiaozolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] assay, chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis, cytokinesis blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay, and flow cytometry. Observations demonstrated a radiation-dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of cell viability after 24h. It was found that pretreatment with metformin (10 and 50μM) increased the percentage of cell viability. A highly significant dose modifying factor (DMF) 1.35 and 1.42 was observed for 10 and 50μM metformin, respectively. Metformin (10 and 50μM) pretreatment significantly decreased the frequency of dicentrics (DCs), acentric fragments (AFs), rings (RIs), micronuclei (MN), and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) in irradiated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Also, treatment with metformin (10 and 50μM) without irradiation did not increase the number of MN, NPBs, DCs, AFs, RIs, and did not show a cytostatic effect in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes. On the other hand, metformin treatment (10 and 50μM) 2h prior to irradiation significantly reduced X-radiation-induced apoptotic incidence in human lymphocytes. The present study demonstrates metformin to be an effective radioprotector against DNA damage and apoptosis induced by IR in human lymphocytes. These data have an important application for the protection of lymphocytes from the genetic damage and side-effects induced by radiotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Cheki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aziz Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Shukla PK, Gangwar R, Manda B, Meena AS, Yadav N, Szabo E, Balogh A, Lee SC, Tigyi G, Rao R. Rapid disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junction and barrier dysfunction by ionizing radiation in mouse colon in vivo: protection by N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G705-15. [PMID: 26822914 PMCID: PMC4867328 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00314.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation on apical junctions in colonic epithelium and mucosal barrier function in mice in vivo. Adult mice were subjected to total body irradiation (4 Gy) with or without N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) feeding for 5 days before irradiation. At 2-24 h postirradiation, the integrity of colonic epithelial tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and the actin cytoskeleton was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis of detergent-insoluble fractions for TJ and AJ proteins. The barrier function was evaluated by measuring vascular-to-luminal flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-inulin in vivo and luminal-to-mucosal flux in vitro. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring protein thiol oxidation. Confocal microscopy showed that radiation caused redistribution of occludin, zona occludens-1, claudin-3, E-cadherin, and β-catenin, as well as the actin cytoskeleton as early as 2 h postirradiation, and this effect was sustained for at least 24 h. Feeding NAC before irradiation blocked radiation-induced disruption of TJ, AJ, and the actin cytoskeleton. Radiation increased mucosal permeability to inulin in colon, which was blocked by NAC feeding. The level of reduced-protein thiols in colon was depleted by radiation with a concomitant increase in the level of oxidized-protein thiol. NAC feeding blocked the radiation-induced protein thiol oxidation. These data demonstrate that radiation rapidly disrupts TJ, AJ, and the actin cytoskeleton by an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism that can be prevented by NAC feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Consequences of lethal-whole-body gamma radiation and possible ameliorative role of melatonin. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:621570. [PMID: 25431791 PMCID: PMC4238234 DOI: 10.1155/2014/621570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma radiation induces the generation of free radicals, leading to serious cellular damages in biological systems. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the deleterious effects of radiation. Melatonin synergistically acts as an immune-stimulator and antioxidant. We investigated the possible radioprotective role of melatonin (100 mg/kg i.p.) against lethal-whole-body radiation- (10 Gy) induced sickness, body weight loss, and mortality in rats. Results of the present study suggest that exposure to lethal-whole-body radiation incurred mortality, body weight loss, and apoptosis and it also depleted the immunity and the antioxidant status of the rats. Our results show that melatonin pretreatment provides protection against radiation induced mortality, oxidative stress, and immune-suppression. The melatonin pretreated irradiated rats showed less change in body weight as compared to radiation only group. On the other hand, melatonin appeared to have another radioprotective role, suggesting that melatonin may reduce apoptosis through a caspase-3-mediated pathway by blocking caspase-3 activity.
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Dobreva ZG, Popov BN, Georgieva SY, Stanilova SA. Immunostimulatory activities ofHaberlea rhodopensisleaf extract on the specific antibody response: protective effects against γ-radiation-induced immunosuppression. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2014.922935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Can melatonin help us in radiation oncology treatments? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:578137. [PMID: 24900972 PMCID: PMC4037598 DOI: 10.1155/2014/578137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, radiotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment regimen in various malignancies for curative or palliative purposes. Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce free radicals, which attack various cellular components. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Melatonin has been shown to be both a direct free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and suppressing prooxidative enzymes activity. In addition to its antioxidant property, there have also been reports implicating antiapoptotic function for melatonin in normal cells. Furthermore, through its antitumor and radiosensitizing properties, treatment with melatonin may prevent tumor progression. Therefore, addition of melatonin to radiation therapy could lower the damage inflicted to the normal tissue, leading to a more efficient tumor control by use of higher doses of irradiation during radiotherapy. Thus, it seems that, in the future, melatonin may improve the therapeutic gain in radiation oncology treatments.
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