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Abdulrehman T, Qadri S, Haik Y, Sultan A, Skariah S, Kumar S, Mendoza Z, Yadav KK, Titus A, Khader S. Advances in the targeted theragnostics of osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:288. [PMID: 38834761 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Bone infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus may lead to an inflammatory condition called osteomyelitis, which results in progressive bone loss. Biofilm formation, intracellular survival, and the ability of S. aureus to evade the immune response result in recurrent and persistent infections that present significant challenges in treating osteomyelitis. Moreover, people with diabetes are prone to osteomyelitis due to their compromised immune system, and in life-threatening cases, this may lead to amputation of the affected limbs. In most cases, bone infections are localized; thus, early detection and targeted therapy may prove fruitful in treating S. aureus-related bone infections and preventing the spread of the infection. Specific S. aureus components or overexpressed tissue biomarkers in bone infections could be targeted to deliver active therapeutics, thereby reducing drug dosage and systemic toxicity. Compounds like peptides and antibodies can specifically bind to S. aureus or overexpressed disease markers and combining these with therapeutics or imaging agents can facilitate targeted delivery to the site of infection. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia therapy can be increased by the addition of targeting molecules to these therapies enabling site-specific therapy delivery. Strategies like host-directed therapy focus on modulating the host immune mechanisms or signaling pathways utilized by S. aureus for therapeutic efficacy. Targeted therapeutic strategies in conjunction with standard surgical care could be potential treatment strategies for S. aureus-associated osteomyelitis to overcome antibiotic resistance and disease recurrence. This review paper presents information about the targeting strategies and agents for the therapy and diagnostic imaging of S. aureus bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Abdulrehman
- eHealth Program, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Policy, Management and Informatics, Allied Health, Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Shahnaz Qadri
- School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, USA.
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - Ali Sultan
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sini Skariah
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shourya Kumar
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Mendoza
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kamlesh K Yadav
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anoop Titus
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shameer Khader
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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2
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Sadowska JM, Power RN, Genoud KJ, Matheson A, González-Vázquez A, Costard L, Eichholz K, Pitacco P, Hallegouet T, Chen G, Curtin CM, Murphy CM, Cavanagh B, Zhang H, Kelly DJ, Boccaccini AR, O'Brien FJ. A Multifunctional Scaffold for Bone Infection Treatment by Delivery of microRNA Therapeutics Combined With Antimicrobial Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307639. [PMID: 38009631 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Treating bone infections and ensuring bone repair is one of the greatest global challenges of modern orthopedics, made complex by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risks due to long-term antibiotic treatment and debilitating large bone defects following infected tissue removal. An ideal multi-faceted solution would will eradicate bacterial infection without long-term antibiotic use, simultaneously stimulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Here, a multifunctional collagen-based scaffold that addresses these needs by leveraging the potential of antibiotic-free antimicrobial nanoparticles (copper-doped bioactive glass, CuBG) to combat infection without contributing to AMR in conjunction with microRNA-based gene therapy (utilizing an inhibitor of microRNA-138) to stimulate both osteogenesis and angiogenesis, is developed. CuBG scaffolds reduce the attachment of gram-positive bacteria by over 80%, showcasing antimicrobial functionality. The antagomiR-138 nanoparticles induce osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and heal a large load-bearing defect in a rat femur when delivered on the scaffold. Combining both promising technologies results in a multifunctional antagomiR-138-activated CuBG scaffold inducing hMSC-mediated osteogenesis and stimulating vasculogenesis in an in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Overall, this multifunctional scaffold catalyzes killing mechanisms in bacteria while inducing bone repair through osteogenic and angiogenic coupling, making this platform a promising multi-functional strategy for treating and repairing complex bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Sadowska
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Rachael N Power
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Katelyn J Genoud
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Austyn Matheson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Arlyng González-Vázquez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Lara Costard
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Kian Eichholz
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 W085, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Pierluca Pitacco
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 W085, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Tanguy Hallegouet
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67412, France
| | - Gang Chen
- Microsurgical Research and Training Facility (MRTF), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Caroline M Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 W085, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 W085, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 W085, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 W085, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
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3
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Fu P, Nijiati Y, Li T, Wu X, Wang Z, Zhou J, Wang C, Ning B. Clinical and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bone and joint infection among children. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:104. [PMID: 37993871 PMCID: PMC10666310 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in bone and joint infection (BJI) among children. METHODS A total of 338 patients diagnosed with BJI from 2013 to 2022 in Children's Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled. Demographic information, microbiology culture results and laboratory findings, including white blood counts (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were collected and analyzed. MRSA was confirmed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Other MRSA-caused infections were randomly selected for comparison. Twenty-three virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were screened for MRSA strains. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing were performed using PCR amplification and sequencing. RESULTS Of the identified pathogens in BJI, MRSA accounted for 21.0% (47/224). Patients with BJI had high levels of initial CRP, white blood cell count (WBC) and IL-6. ST59 (43.9%) and t437 (37.6%) were the main MRSA subtypes isolated from the children. The major genotypes in BJI were ST59-t437 (29.8%) and ST22-t309 (14.9%), with high carriage of hemolysins including hla (94.4-100%), hlb (66.2-93.3%), and hld (100%). Notably, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) had a high prevalence (53.3%) in ST22-t309-MRSA. Other virulence genes including tst, seg and sei were more commonly detected in ST22-t309-MRSA (40.0-46.7%) than in ST59-t437-MRSA (4.2-9.9%). High-carriage AMR genes in MRSA included aph(3')/III (66.7-80%), ermB (57.5-73.3%) and ermC (66.7-78.9%). MRSA presented high-resistance to erythromycin (52.0-100%) and clindamycin (48.0-92.5%), different genotypes displayed variation in their susceptibilities to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The major MRSA genotype in BJI was ST59-t437, followed by ST22-t309, with a higher prevalence of the pvl gene. Continuous surveillance of pvl-positive ST22-t309-MRSA in pediatric BJI infections is thus required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Fu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
- Nosocomial Infection Control Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxier Nijiati
- Orthopedics Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlan Zhou
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Nosocomial Infection Control Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Ning
- Orthopedics Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Guo X. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of genistein in Staphylococcus aureus induced osteomyelitis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23298. [PMID: 36727417 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a highly infectious Gram-positive pathogen known to cause severe diseases such as endocarditis, food poisoning, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and septicemia. MRSA is a major public health issue. Among these, osteomyelitis is inflammation of the bone caused by the invasion of the bacterial pathogen in the bones. Its prominent symptoms include fever, pain, and redness of bones. In the case of children, it affects the long bones of arms and legs, whereas in the case of adults it affects the hip, feet, and spine. Bacterial osteomyelitis can trigger pathological remodeling of bones and hence causes substantial morbidity and mortality. The present study aims to evaluate the isoflavone genistein's (5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,4',5,7 trihydroxyisoflavone) antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects against osteomyelitis induced by MRSA in male Wistar rats. Classification of the animals was into the following: sham (Group I), osteomyelitis (Group II, control), genistein (25 mg/kg body weight, Group III), and genistein (50 mg/kg body weight, Group IV). The rats did not receive any treatment for 4 weeks after bacterial inoculation. Genistein was then administered twice daily for 2 weeks. Bacterial growth, mean body weight bone infection status, and side effects of genistein treatment were assessed. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, catalase, reduced GSH, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 were also determined. Two days after treatment, it was found that genistein significantly suppressed bacterial growth and reduced serum pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Therefore, the study suggests that genistein could be a promising lead against MRSA-induced osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hosptial of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Latha T, Bhat AK, Hande HM, Mukhopadhyay C, Devi ES, Nayak BS, George A. Effectiveness of Extended Infection Control Measures on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Among Orthopaedic Patients. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:1804-1812. [PMID: 36187590 PMCID: PMC9485330 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-022-00713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to find the effectiveness of Extended Infection Control Measures (EICM) in reducing the rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection among orthopaedic surgery patients. Methods The study adopted a quasi-experimental design and was conducted in the orthopaedic units of a tertiary care hospital. This study recruited 168 orthopaedic patients and 154 healthcare professionals (HCPs). EICM included hand hygiene, decolonizing the patients and HCPS, staff education, feedback of surveillance data, treatment of high-risk and MRSA-infected patients, having separate equipment for MRSA-infected patients, and appropriate cleaning of patient's unit. Results The EICM effectively reduced MRSA infection from 21.2 to 6% (p < 0.001). It also resulted in improving the knowledge of HCPs in the prevention and management of MRSA infection (p < 0.001), and all colonized HCPs were successfully (100%) decolonized. Conclusion EICM is a promising intervention to combat MRSA infection among orthopaedic wards. Hence, it can be executed in orthopaedic wards, thereby improving the treatment quality and reducing the infection-related consequences. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-022-00713-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Latha
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal India
- Manipal-McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Anil K. Bhat
- Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
- Manipal-McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - H. Manjunatha Hande
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
- Manipal-McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Elsa Sanatombi Devi
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Baby S. Nayak
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Anice George
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
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Meeting the Unmet Need in the Management of MDR Gram-Positive Infections with Oral Bactericidal Agent Levonadifloxacin. Crit Care Res Pract 2022; 2022:2668199. [PMID: 36785544 PMCID: PMC9922174 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2668199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Levonadifloxacin (intravenous) and its oral prodrug alalevonadifloxacin are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents developed for the treatment of difficult-to-treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, atypical bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and biodefence pathogens as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Levonadifloxacin has a well-defined mechanism of action involving a strong affinity for DNA gyrase as well as topoisomerase IV. Alalevonadifloxacin with widely differing solubility and oral bioavailability has pharmacokinetic profile identical to levonadifloxacin. Unlike existing MRSA drugs such as vancomycin and linezolid, which cause unfavorable side effects like nephrotoxicity, bone-marrow toxicity, and muscle toxicity, levonadifloxacin/alalevonadifloxacin has demonstrated superior safety and tolerability features with no serious adverse events. Levonadifloxacin/alalevonadifloxacin could be a useful weapon in the battle against infections caused by resistant microorganisms and could be a preferred antibiotic of choice for empirical therapy in the future.
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Ojha SC, Chen K, Sun C, Ahmed S, Sheng YJ, Deng CL. Clinical Relevance of Xpert MRSA/SA in Guiding Therapeutic Decisions for Staphylococcal Infections: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Analysis. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1205-1227. [PMID: 35451743 PMCID: PMC9124268 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rapid identification of the causal organism and antibiotic resistance is crucial for guiding targeted therapy in patients with suspected staphylococcal infection. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic relevance of Xpert™ MRSA/SA (Xpert) from clinical samples of various origins for limiting the use of unnecessary empirical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) therapy. Methods Five databases, including the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were comprehensively inspected from inception to October 12, 2021. The pooled summary estimates were evaluated using a bivariate random-effects model. Results Our inclusion criteria were met by 49 publications containing 68 datasets out of 735 citations. A total of 21 studies (n = 4996) examined the accuracy of Xpert in detecting methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), while 47 studies (n = 45,430) examined the accuracy of Xpert in detecting MRSA. As compared to MRSA, Xpert’s diagnostic performance for MSSA detection was markedly higher [sensitivity: 0.97 (0.96–0.98), specificity: 0.97 (0.97–0.98), area under curve (AUC): 0.99 (0.99–1.0)]. Xpert’s pooled sensitivity and specificity differed marginally across sample types, including screening of colonization, lower respiratory tract (LRT), osteoarticular, and bloodstream samples. Notably, the Xpert pooled specificity was consistently ≥ 92% against microbiological culture across all sample types. The diagnostic efficiency heterogeneity was not explained by a meta-regression and subgroup analysis of research design, sample conditions, and sampling methods (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that Xpert could be used as the favoured screening test for the early detection of staphylococcal infection in a variety of sample types, with the goal of guiding therapeutic decisions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-022-00632-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China. .,Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Changfeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Sub-campus, Narowal, 51600, Pakistan
| | - Yun-Jian Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Cun-Liang Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
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8
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Chen K, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Qin W, Sheng YJ, Ahmed S, Sun C, Deng CL, Ojha SC. Molecular Tools for Guiding Therapy in Patients With Staphylococcal Bone and Joint Infections: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:792679. [PMID: 35909576 PMCID: PMC9326260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.792679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely detection of causative pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance are essential for guiding targeted therapies in bone and joint infections (BJI) patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic value of testing osteoarticular samples with the nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) for effective staphylococcal strain identification and the administration of appropriately targeted antimicrobial agents in BJI patients. METHODS Five databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched for related publications from inception to July 24, 2021. Studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of NAAT to a microbiological culture reference standard of osteoarticular specimens were eligible. Pooled summary values of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of NAAT compared to the microbiological culture reference standard were calculated using bivariate random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS From 906 citations, 11 studies were included. Eleven studies comprising 13 datasets (n = 1047) evaluated NAAT accuracy for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) identification, while seven studies comprising nine datasets (n = 727) evaluated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identification. Against the microbiological culture reference standard, the pooled summary estimates for detection of both MSSA [sensitivity: 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-0.93), specificity: 0.99 (95% CI 0.97-0.99), PLR: 34.13 (95% CI 20.54-56.73), NLR: 0.19 (95% CI 0.12-0.3), and DOR: 283.37 (95% CI 129.49-620.1)] and MRSA [sensitivity: 0.81 (95% CI 0.67-0.91), specificity: 1.0 (95% CI 0.99-1.0), PLR: 62.1 (95% CI 24.5-157.6), NLR: 0.33 (95% CI 0.16-0.69), and DOR: 300.25 (95% CI 85.01-1060.5)] were comparable. Heterogeneity was moderate. GeneXpert was frequently used among NAA tests, and its diagnostic accuracy was in line with the overall pooled summary estimates. The heterogeneity in diagnostic efficacy (P >0.05) could not be explained by a meta-regression and subgroup analysis of the research design, sample condition, and patient selection technique. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that NAAT can be applied as the preferred prescreening test for the timely diagnosis of staphylococcal strains associated with BJI in osteoarticular samples for successful antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yun-Jian Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Changfeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cun-Liang Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Suvash Chandra Ojha,
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Gunasekharan M, Choi TI, Rukayadi Y, Mohammad Latif MA, Karunakaran T, Mohd Faudzi SM, Kim CH. Preliminary Insight of Pyrrolylated-Chalcones as New Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Anti-MRSA) Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175314. [PMID: 34500755 PMCID: PMC8434082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are regarded as one of the leading causes of fatal morbidity and death in patients infected with diseases. The ability of microorganisms, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to develop resistance to current drugs has evoked the need for a continuous search for new drugs with better efficacies. Hence, a series of non-PAINS associated pyrrolylated-chalcones (1–15) were synthesized and evaluated for their potency against MRSA. The hydroxyl-containing compounds (8, 9, and 10) showed the most significant anti-MRSA efficiency, with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.08 to 0.70 mg/mL and 0.16 to 1.88 mg/mL, respectively. The time-kill curve and SEM analyses exhibited bacterial cell death within four hours after exposure to 9, suggesting its bactericidal properties. Furthermore, the docking simulation between 9 and penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a, PDB ID: 6Q9N) suggests a relatively similar bonding interaction to the standard drug with a binding affinity score of −7.0 kcal/mol. Moreover, the zebrafish model showed no toxic effects in the normal embryonic development, blood vessel formation, and apoptosis when exposed to up to 40 µM of compound 9. The overall results suggest that the pyrrolylated-chalcones may be considered as a potential inhibitor in the design of new anti-MRSA agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanapriya Gunasekharan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Alif Mohammad Latif
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | | | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.F.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.F.); (C.-H.K.)
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10
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Dewey MJ, Harley BAC. Biomaterial design strategies to address obstacles in craniomaxillofacial bone repair. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17809-17827. [PMID: 34540206 PMCID: PMC8443006 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02557k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial design to repair craniomaxillofacial defects has largely focused on promoting bone regeneration, while there are many additional factors that influence this process. The bone microenvironment is complex, with various mechanical property differences between cortical and cancellous bone, a unique porous architecture, and multiple cell types that must maintain homeostasis. This complex environment includes a vascular architecture to deliver cells and nutrients, osteoblasts which form new bone, osteoclasts which resorb excess bone, and upon injury, inflammatory cells and bacteria which can lead to failure to repair. To create biomaterials able to regenerate these large missing portions of bone on par with autograft materials, design of these materials must include methods to overcome multiple obstacles to effective, efficient bone regeneration. These obstacles include infection and biofilm formation on the biomaterial surface, fibrous tissue formation resulting from ill-fitting implants or persistent inflammation, non-bone tissue formation such as cartilage from improper biomaterial signals to cells, and voids in bone infill or lengthy implant degradation times. Novel biomaterial designs may provide approaches to effectively induce osteogenesis and new bone formation, include design motifs that facilitate surgical handling, intraoperative modification and promote conformal fitting within complex defect geometries, induce a pro-healing immune response, and prevent bacterial infection. In this review, we discuss the bone injury microenvironment and methods of biomaterial design to overcome these obstacles, which if unaddressed, may result in failure of the implant to regenerate host bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marley J. Dewey
- Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA
- Dept of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory600 S. Mathews AveUrbanaIL 61801USA+1-217-333-5052+1-217-244-7112
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11
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Buzgaia N, Awin T, Elabbar F, Abdusalam K, Lee SY, Rukayadi Y, Abas F, Shaari K. Antibacterial Activity of Arbutus pavarii Pamp against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and UHPLC-MS/MS Profile of the Bioactive Fraction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1539. [PMID: 33187073 PMCID: PMC7696162 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Arbutus pavarii Pamp is a medicinal plant commonly used by local tribes in East Libya for the treatment of many diseases, such as gastritis, renal infections, cancer and kidney diseases. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the leaf and stem bark extracts of the plant against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the metabolite profiles of the bioactive fractions, was investigated. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), while the microbial reduction by the bioactive fraction was evaluated using time-kill test. The bioactive fraction was further subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis to putatively identify the chemical constituents contained therein. All the extracts and fractions showed different levels of antibacterial activity on the tested MRSA strains. The highest total antibacterial activity, i.e., 4007.6 mL/g, was exhibited by the crude leaf methanolic extract. However, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf showed moderate to significant antibacterial activity against MRSA at low MIC (0.08-1.25 mg/mL). Metabolite profiling of this fraction using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS resulted in the putative identification of 28 compounds, which included phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. The results of this study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Arbutus pavarii leaf possessed potential antibacterial activity against MRSA and hence can be further explored for pharmaceutical applications as a natural antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Buzgaia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Tahani Awin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fakhri Elabbar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Khaled Abdusalam
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Gharyan, Gharyan, Libya
| | - Soo Yee Lee
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Ghia CJ, Waghela S, Rambhad G. A Systemic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis Reporting the Prevalence and Impact of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in India. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 13:1178633720970569. [PMID: 33223835 PMCID: PMC7656882 DOI: 10.1177/1178633720970569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence, burden and epidemiology of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This systemic review was also aimed to highlight the challenges in the diagnosis and management of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in India (for all age groups). We also examined the published literature on the available treatment options and the role of prevention in the management of MRSA in India. By summarizing the currently available data, our objectives were to highlight the need for the prevention of MRSA infections and also emphasize the role of vaccination in the prevention of MRSA infections in India. Methodology Electronic databases such as PubMed and databases of the National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources and Indian Council of Medical Research Embase were searched for relevant literature published from 2005/01/01 to 2020/05/13 in English language, according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A manual search was also conducted using the key term "MRSA 'or' Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 'and' India." An independent reviewer extracted data from the studies using a structured Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and a meta-analysis of proportion for MRSA prevalence with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for all included individual studies were performed. Result A total of 34 studies involving 16 237 patients were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of patients with MRSA infection was 26.8% (95% CI: 23.2%-30.7%). The MRSA infection was more prevalent among male patients (60.4%; 95% CI: 53.9%-66.5%) as compared to female patients (39.6%; 95% CI: 33.5%-46.1%), while the prevalence of MRSA was higher among adults (18 years and above; 32%; 95% CI: 5%-80%) in comparison to pediatric patients (0-18 years; 68%; 95% CI: 20%-94.8%). The degree of heterogeneity was found to be significant. Conclusion The prevalence of MRSA in India was relatively high at 27% with a higher proportion observed among men aged >18 years. The high prevalence of MRSA infections in India necessitates the implementation of surveillance and preventive measures to combat the spread of MRSA in both hospital and community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaumil Waghela
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Gautam Rambhad
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Limited, Mumbai, India
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13
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Shaikh MS, Chandrasekaran B, Palkar MB, Kanhed AM, Kajee A, Mlisana KP, Singh P, Ghai M, Cleopus Mahlalela M, Karpoormath R. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Carbazole Hybrids as Promising Antimicrobial Agents. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900550. [PMID: 32149467 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two series of carbazole analogs of 8-methoxy-N-substituted-9H-carbazole-3-carboxamides (series 1) and carbazolyl substituted rhodanines (series 2) were synthesized through facile synthetic routes. All the final compounds from these two series were evaluated for their preliminary in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity against four fungal (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus tropicalis and Aspergillus niger) and four bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains, respectively. Among the tested compounds, three compounds of series 1 displayed promising antifungal and antibacterial activity, especially against C. neoformans and S. aureus. In addition, one compound of series 1 displayed notable antimicrobial activity (MIC: 6.25 μg/mL) against clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. neoformans (MIC: 12.5 μg/mL). From the second series, four compounds exhibited significant antifungal and antibacterial activity, especially against C. neoformans and S. aureus. The most active compound of series 2 displayed a prominent antimicrobial activity against C. neoformans (MIC: 3.125 μg/mL) and S. aureus (MIC: 1.56 μg/mL), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadhanif S Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O. Box 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Jordan
| | - Mahesh B Palkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ashish M Kanhed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Afsana Kajee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital Academic Complex, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Koleka P Mlisana
- Department of Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital Academic Complex, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Science and Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Meenu Ghai
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Science and Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mavela Cleopus Mahlalela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
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14
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Bioguided Purification of Active Compounds from Leaves of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100590. [PMID: 31597408 PMCID: PMC6843843 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anadenanthera colubrina var cebil (Griseb.) Altschul is a medicinal plant found throughout the Brazilian semi-arid area. This work performed a bioguided purification of active substances present in ethyl acetate extract from A. colubrina leaves. The anti-Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant actions were used as markers of bioactivity. The extract was subjected to flash chromatography resulting in five fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5). The fractions F2 and F4 presented the highest antimicrobial action, with a dose able to inhibit 50% of bacteria growth (IN50) of 19.53 μg/mL for S. aureus UFPEDA 02; whereas F4 showed higher inhibitory action towards DPPH radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) [dose able to inhibit 50% of the radical (IC50) = 133 ± 9 μg/mL]. F2 and F4 were then subjected to preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), resulting in the identification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and hyperoside as the major compounds in F2 and F4, respectively. Hyperoside and p-hydroxybenzoic acid presented IN50 values of 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL against S. aureus UFPEDA 02, respectively. However, the hyperoside had an IN50 of 62.5 μg/mL against S. aureus UFPEDA 705, a clinical isolate with multidrug resistant phenotype. Among the purified compounds, the proanthocyanidins obtained from F2 exhibited the higher antioxidant potentials. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of A. colubrina leaves as an alternative source of biomolecules of interest for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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