1
|
Shin J, Park YS. Unusual or Uncommon Histology of Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2024; 24:69-88. [PMID: 38225767 PMCID: PMC10774758 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2024.24.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively examines the diverse spectrum of gastric cancers, focusing on unusual or uncommon histology that presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. While the predominant form, tubular adenocarcinoma, is well-characterized, this review focuses on lesser-known variants, including papillary adenocarcinoma, micropapillary carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), hepatoid adenocarcinoma, gastric choriocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma, carcinosarcoma, gastroblastoma, parietal cell carcinoma, oncocytic adenocarcinoma, Paneth cell carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type, undifferentiated carcinoma, and extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Although these diseases have different nomenclatures characterized by distinct histopathological features, these phenotypes often overlap, making it difficult to draw clear boundaries. Furthermore, the number of cases was limited, and the unique histopathological nature and potential pathogenic mechanisms were not well defined. This review highlights the importance of understanding these rare variants for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment planning, and improving patient outcomes. This review emphasizes the need for ongoing research and case studies to enhance our knowledge of these uncommon forms of gastric cancer, which will ultimately contribute to more effective treatments and better prognostic assessments. This review aimed to broaden the pathological narrative by acknowledging and addressing the intricacies of all cancer types, regardless of their rarity, to advance patient care and improve prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Shin
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taslim S, Rimin N, James A, Anika NN, Naz J, Shehryar A, Rehman A. A Rare Intersection: A Case of Gastric Adenocarcinoma With Yolk Sac Differentiation. Cureus 2023; 15:e46019. [PMID: 37900463 PMCID: PMC10602405 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report presents a rare instance of a 73-year-old male diagnosed with a yolk sac tumor (YST) coexisting with adenocarcinoma components in the stomach. YSTs are primarily gonadal and seldom occur in extragonadal sites such as the gastrointestinal tract. The patient underwent curative resection followed by chemotherapy, resulting in long-term survival without recurrence. This case contributes to the limited existing literature on gastric YSTs, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment for this aggressive malignancy. It serves as a valuable addition to our understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this rare condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanzida Taslim
- Psychiatry, Ross University School of Medicine, Far Rockaway, USA
| | - Nishat Rimin
- Internal Medicine, Francis Lewis High School, New York, USA
| | - Aimen James
- Dermatology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Nabila N Anika
- Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Internal Medicine, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Javeria Naz
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu N, Chen Q, Chen M, Ning J, Peng S, Zhang T, Zhong W, Duan S, Cheng C, Xie Y. Primary Yolk Sac Tumor in the Cerebellar Hemisphere: A Case Report and Literature Review of the Rare Tumor. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739733. [PMID: 34804928 PMCID: PMC8602065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yolk sac tumor (YST) is one of rare malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs). Primary intracranial YST, also endodermal sinus tumor (EST), is a quite rare type of brain tumor. Here, we report a case of YST, review the relevant literature, and propose a treatment strategy for this rare tumor. A 6-year-old boy initially manifested symptoms of dizziness and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large irregular oval tumor in the cerebellar hemisphere. We subtotally removed the tumor by microsurgery through the left suboccipital approach. Immunohistochemical staining showed that alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was positive and the Ki-67 proliferation index was high (60%), suggesting a germ cell tumor. After 3 months of follow-up, neither recurrence of tumor nor complications were found in the patient. The diagnosis of YST should be confirmed on the basis of clinical manifestations, neuroimaging and pathological findings. Gross total resection (GTR) is an ideal treatment for YST. However, due to the location of the tumor, GTR is usually difficult, and the rate of postoperative complications is high. This reported case shows that subtotal resection can be a good treatment strategy for YST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinbo Ning
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shulei Peng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery/Pathology/Radiology/Sleep Medicine Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Umeda H, Kikuchi S, Kuroda S, Yano S, Tanaka T, Noma K, Nishizaki M, Kagawa S, Umeda Y, Fujiwara T. Long-term survival without recurrence after surgery for gastric yolk sac tumor-like carcinoma: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2021; 7:111. [PMID: 33956241 PMCID: PMC8102656 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-021-01199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric yolk sac tumor (YST)-like carcinoma is extremely rare, and its prognosis is poor, because most patients have widespread metastases at the time of diagnosis. We report a case of gastric YST-like carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma component without metastases in which curative resection was performed. Case presentation A 77-year-old man complaining of melena and dizziness due to anemia was diagnosed with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the gastric cardia, with a benign ulcer in the gastric body. He underwent total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for the tumor. Histological examination of the resected specimens revealed a mixture of reticular and glandular neoplastic components morphologically. In the reticular area, an endodermal sinus pattern and some Schiller–Duval bodies were confirmed. Gastric YST-like carcinoma with adenocarcinoma components, T2N0M0 Stage IB, was diagnosed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the YST was positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and p53. In contrast, the adenocarcinoma was positive for p53 and negative for CEA and AFP. The patient remained healthy as of 7 years postoperatively, with no recurrence. Conclusions Routine medical examinations or endoscopic examinations for accidental symptom may be helpful for early diagnosis and good prognosis for gastric YST-like carcinoma, although the prognosis is generally poor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoru Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shuya Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Noma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishizaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuzo Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen LH, Yip KC, Wu HJ, Yong SB. Yolk Sac Tumor in an Eight-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:169. [PMID: 31114774 PMCID: PMC6503144 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yolk sac tumor (YST), which most frequently arises in the gonads as a type of germ cell tumor, is rare in children but is highly malignant. It has been suggested that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can be applied as a feasible tumor marker because its level was elevated in >90% of YST. The treatment generally involves debulking surgery of tumors followed by systemic chemotherapy. Metastasis process of YST in children is different from that in adults and thus the treatment option is required. In this study, we described a rare case of YST in terms of the clinical manifestation, imaging, and histopathology findings, diagnosis and treatment in an 8-year-old girl. Furthermore, it is important to investigate more thoroughly a patient with history of intermittent abdominal pain and fever with previously multiple accesses, because these might be the critical signs for YST that should be alarmed for early treatment. Although YST is rare in children, pediatric physicians should be aware of this and prompt treatment should be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hsun Chen
- Asian Institute of Tele-surgery (IRCAD-Taiwan), Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Chuen Yip
- Division of Family Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ju Wu
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang, Taiwan
| | - Su-Boon Yong
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qureshi A, Al-Moundhri M, Al-Shaibi M, Al-Haddabi I, Mittal A. Primary Gastric Yolk Sac Tumour. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2018; 18:e383-e385. [PMID: 30607283 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2018.18.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary gastric yolk tumours are extremely rare. We report a 52-year-old male who presented to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2017 after having undergone a gastrectomy abroad due to a suspected poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient subsequently returned to Oman to receive chemotherapy. However, while undergoing chemotherapy, an abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a lobulated mesenteric mass. Microscopic examination of the resected lesion confirmed a diagnosis of a yolk sac tumour. The mass was diffusely positive for α-fetoprotein (AFP) and a gastric carcinoma stain was negative. Gastrectomy slides from the patient's previous surgery were examined retrospectively. The morphology was typical for a yolk sac tumour and was negative for epithelial markers. An AFP stain showed diffuse immunoreactivity. Thus, the patient was deemed to have had a primary gastric yolk sac tumour which had later metastasised to the mesocolon. Germ cell tumour protocols were initiated and the patient responded well to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Qureshi
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Maha Al-Shaibi
- Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Haddabi
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Alok Mittal
- Department of Radiology & Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ibrahim A, MacDermid E, Nguyen HPT, Ashrafy AH. Massive pure gastric yolk sac tumour: a unique presentation of a rare pathology. ANZ J Surg 2018; 89:E417-E419. [PMID: 29873163 DOI: 10.1111/ans.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ibrahim
- Department of General Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ewan MacDermid
- Department of Anatomical pathology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huong P T Nguyen
- Department of General Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amir H Ashrafy
- Department of Anatomical pathology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mandelia A, Mutt N, Lal R, Prasad R. Yolk Sac Tumor of Stomach: Case Report and Review of Literature. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2018; 23:232-233. [PMID: 30443123 PMCID: PMC6182937 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_17_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are very rare. Only seven cases of pure YST of the stomach, with a median age of 65 years, and five cases of YST combined with adenocarcinoma have been reported. We report a 3-year-old boy who presented to us with recurrent episodes of melena and anemia of 2 months' duration. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a deeply excavated ulcer on the lesser curvature, 4 cm from the gastroesophageal junction. Computed tomography (CT) abdomen revealed large heterogeneously enhancing soft-tissue mass lesion in the lesser sac with indistinct fat planes with the lesser curvature of the stomach with multiple peripherally enhancing lesions in both lobes of liver and omentum, suggestive of metastasis. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 21,000 ng/ml. Tru-cut biopsy from the mass was suggestive of YST. Following three courses of chemotherapy based on Cisplatin, Etoposide and Bleomycin (PEB), sleeve gastrectomy with excision of the mass with omentectomy with biopsy of the liver nodules with a sampling of perigastric lymph nodes was done. Histopathology revealed only necrotic tissue with no evidence of residual malignancy. Three-month follow-up CT revealed no residual mass with AFP of 3 ng/ml.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Mandelia
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nijagal Mutt
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Lal
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghunandan Prasad
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gastric cancer with adenocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor components: A rare entity. North Clin Istanb 2017; 4:275-278. [PMID: 29270580 PMCID: PMC5724926 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2017.60437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a sharp worldwide decline in the incidence and mortality due to gastric cancer during the second half of the 20th century, gastric cancer remains the world’s second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Variants of gastric cancer account for approximately 5% of all stomach carcinomas. Herein, we report on a rare case of combined germ cell tumor and adenocarcinoma that arose in the stomach of a 68-year-old woman with a high level of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum. Clinical and pathological findings are presented.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuang H, Zhang C, Gong H, Guo L, Yu C, Zeng X. Primary cerebellar endodermal sinus tumor: A case report. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1713-1716. [PMID: 25202397 PMCID: PMC4156216 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodermal sinus tumors are rare malignant germ cell tumors that usually originate from the gonads and are rarely observed extragonadally. Pure primary endodermal sinus tumors of the cerebellar hemisphere are extremely rare and patients diagnosed with the disease often have a poor prognosis. The symptoms of YSTs are unspecific and associated with the location of tumors. Intracranial YSTs (such as cerebellar hemispheres) always present with symptoms including headache and poor vision. The present study reports the case of a three-year-old male who presented to The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (Nanchang, China) with a headache that had persisted for one month, and then worsened for the last 10 days. This was accompanied by vomiting and gait disturbance. An abnormal signal mass was identified in the left cerebellar hemisphere on brain magnetic resonance imaging. The case initially presented as a medulloblastoma and the patient was followed up for six months. The final pathology report revealed an endodermal sinus tumor, also known as a yolk sac tumor. Six months following resection of the left cerebellar tumor, the patient succumbed to recurrence of the disease, due to acute vomiting and severe headache.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Kuang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Linghong Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
A 3-year-old girl underwent a surgery at an external center on July 2011 for a swelling in the left lumbar paravertebral subcutaneous region. The mass was completely excised and the pathologic diagnosis was a yolk sac tumor (YST). Laboratory tests revealed a serum α-fetoprotein level of 278 IU/mL. Investigations using bone scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a scar tissue at the surgical site and lesions indicating metastasis at the lumbar first, second, third, and fifth vertebra. The patient was administered 5 cycles of PEB (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin) treatment. The serum α-fetoprotein was 3 IU/mL after the treatment. The lumbar magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy results were normal. The patient continues to be in remission since June 2012. YSTs are most commonly seen in the testis, ovary, and sacrococcygeal regions. Atypical locations have been reported with the primary lesion in the stomach, diaphragm, omentum, sino-nasal region, cranial base, lungs, vagina, and penis. Our case is probably a YST with an atypical location derived from preliminary cells left under the skin because of a migration defect.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bouassida M, Sassi S, Laajili A, Mighri M, Touinsi H, Sassi S. [Management of extragonadic Yolk sac tumor with hepatic metastasis]. Presse Med 2012; 41:1158-60. [PMID: 22326666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|