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Encarnación-Martínez A, Sanchis-Sanchis R, Pérez-Soriano P, García-Gallart A. Relationship between muscular extensibility, strength and stability and the transmission of impacts during fatigued running. Sports Biomech 2023; 22:1364-1380. [PMID: 32835623 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1797863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to analyse the relationship between isokinetic strength, dynamic stability, muscular extensibility and impacts transmission during fatigued running. Low- and high-frequency impacts-related to body movements and the severity of impacts, respectively-were assessed in 17 male recreational runners, before and after a treadmill running fatigue protocol, using a triaxial accelerometry system. High-frequency impacts in the tibia were negatively correlated to the knee angle at which the quadriceps peak torque was reached (p = 0.014), and also to the extensibility of the hamstrings and soleus (p = 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). The increases of high-frequency impacts in tibia caused by fatigue were positively related to the knee angle at which the hamstrings peak torque was reached (p = 0.001) and to stability after landing (p = 0.007). The attenuation of high-frequency impacts was positively related to hamstrings/quadriceps ratio of strength (p = 0.010) and to stability (p = 0.006). Limiting possible deficits in hamstring and soleus range of motion, improving stability after landing, developing hamstring and quadriceps strength in elongated muscle range, and maintaining a balanced ratio of hamstring/quadriceps strength could help to reduce the injury risk in running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Encarnación-Martínez
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Soriano
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Jahandideh L, Letafatkar A, Khanzadeh R, Omidi Kashani F. Comparing the Effect of Exercises With Different Gluteal-to-Tensor Fasciae Latae Activation Index in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:810-817. [PMID: 37507116 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hip muscle imbalance, especially between gluteal muscles and tensor fasciae latae (TFL), is one of the risk factors for developing low back pain which should be considered in rehabilitation programs. This study compared the effect of exercises with gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation index above and below 50 on pain intensity, disability, and lower limbs' range of motion (ROM) in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. DESIGN A semiexperimental intervention study with a pretest and posttest. METHODS A total of 45 patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups of gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation index above 50 (n = 15), below 50 (n = 15), and a control group (n = 15). Pain intensity (visual analog scale), disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire), and lower limbs' ROM including hip extension, hip abduction, hip external rotation, and knee extension (goniometer) were assessed at pretest and after 8 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Within-group comparison showed significant improvement of pain, disability, and ROMs in both experimental groups. No significant changes were observed in the control group. In between-group analysis, significant differences were observed in group of gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation index above 50 for only pain (P = .03) and disability (P = .01). For ROMs, although clinical improvement of lower limbs' ROMs was higher in group of gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation index above 50, no statistically significant differences were found between 2 experimental groups. Both experimental groups were superior to the control group for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the statistically and clinically superior effectiveness of exercises with a gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation index above 50 in the reduction of pain and disability. Based on the clinical significance of exercises with a gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation index above 50 for improving ROMs, utilizing specific exercises that more activated gluteal muscle compared to TFL is recommended for patient with restricted lower limbs' ROMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahandideh
- Master of the Science of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad,Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Associate Professor of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran,Iran
| | - Reza Khanzadeh
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Asrar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad,Iran
| | - Farzad Omidi Kashani
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran
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Nonnenmacher CH, de Estéfani D, Benincá IL, da Silveira MP, Nunes GS, Haupenthal A. Intra and interrater reliability for lower limb flexibility assessment using photogrammetry. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:364-370. [PMID: 37330794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photogrammetry represents an advancement in the flexibility evaluation, and although it was highly explored for postural assessment, there is a scarcity of studies analyzing lower limb angular measurements using it. The purpose of this study is to verify the reliability of intrarater and interrarater photogrammetry in assessing lower limb flexibility. METHODS This was a randomized cross-sectional observational study with test-retest design and a two-day interval. Thirty healthy, physically active adults were included. Three novice raters assessed the participants through flexibility tests of iliopsoas, hamstring, quadriceps and gastrocnemius on two occasions, and independently analyzed the captured images to establish reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated. RESULTS Intrarater reliability was excellent for iliopsoas (ICC = 0.96; SEM = 1.4; MDC = 3.8), hamstring (ICC = 0.99; SEM = 1.1; MDC = 3.1), quadriceps (ICC = 0.99; SEM = 0.8; MDC = 2.3) and gastrocnemius (ICC = 0.98; SEM = 0.9; MDC = 2.5). Interrater reliability was excellent for iliopsoas (ICC = 0.94; SEM = 1.7; MDC = 4.6) and gastrocnemius (ICC = 0.91; SEM = 2.1; MDC = 5.8), but good for hamstring (ICC = 0.90; SEM = 2.8; MDC = 7.9) and quadriceps (ICC = 0.85; SEM = 3.0; MDC = 8.3). CONCLUSIONS The excellent intrarater and good to excellent interrater reliability suggest that photogrammetry assessment of lower limb flexibility by novice raters is reliable. However, clinicians should consider the higher threshold of range of motion change necessary to outweigh measurement error due to interrater variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Holz Nonnenmacher
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Governador Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Urussanguinha, Araranguá, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Estéfani
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Governador Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Urussanguinha, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Inaihá Laureano Benincá
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Governador Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Urussanguinha, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Maiara Petri da Silveira
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S Nunes
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Haupenthal
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Governador Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Urussanguinha, Araranguá, Brazil
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AlTaweel A, Nuhmani S, Ahsan M, Abualait T, Muaidi Q. Determining the hip joint isokinetic muscle strength and range of motion of professional soccer players based on their field position. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14000. [PMID: 36317121 PMCID: PMC9617545 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soccer players' physical and physiological demands vary based on their field position. Although the hip joint has an important role in soccer, little information is available about the strength and flexibility of the hip joint based on player positions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differences in muscle strength and flexibility of the hip joint of professional soccer players based on their field position. Methods Ninety-six professional soccer players from Saudi Arabia were divided into four groups (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and attackers), with 24 participants in each group based on their field position. The Modified Thomas test was used to measure the hip extension range of motion (ROM), and muscle strength was assessed by an Isokinetic dynamometer. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the isokinetic strength at the hip joint movements between goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and attackers (p ≥ 0.05). At the same time, there was a significant difference between groups in the hip extension ROM (p ≤ 0.05). according to different player positions. Post hoc tests reported significant differences between goalkeepers and defenders (p ≤ 0.05), midfielders (p ≤ 0.05), and attackers p ≤ 0.05). At the same time, there were no significant differences between defenders and midfielders (p ≥ 0.05), defenders and attackers (p ≥ 0.05), and midfielders and attackers (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion Even though there was no significant difference in isokinetic strength, there was a significant difference in hip extension ROM among players based on field position. This study may help coaches and trainers to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of players and design training programs to rectify the weaker components and improve players' performance in different playing positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali AlTaweel
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahsan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Abualait
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qassim Muaidi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Turner AN, Read P, Maestroni L, Chavda S, Yao X, Papadopoulos K, Virgile A, Spiegelhalter A, Bishop C. Reverse Engineering in Strength and Conditioning: Applications to Agility Training. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Neves RP, Oliveira D, Fanasca MA, Vechin FC. Shortening of hip flexor muscles and chronic low-back pain among resistance training practitioners: applications of the modified Thomas test. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vatandoost S, Sheikhhoseini R, Akhbari B, Salavati M, Pourahmadi M, Farhang M, O'Sullivan K. Altered muscle strength and flexibility among a subgroup of women with chronic nonspecific low back pain: Cross-sectional case-control study. Physiother Theory Pract 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35196207 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2043497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare muscle strength and flexibility among a subgroup of women with extension-related chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) with healthy controls. METHODS In this case-control study, 32 subjects with and without extension-related CNLBP were tested (n = 16 in each group). Gluteal, abdominal, paravertebral, and hamstring strength, along with hip flexor flexibility and hamstring flexibility were compared between groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test (p < .007). RESULTS The CNLBP subgroup displayed significantly lower strength of all muscles analyzed (p < .007), with the exception of gluteus medius. The flexibility of the hip flexors and hamstrings were not significantly reduced among the women with CNLBP (p > .007). DISCUSSION The present study showed that alterations in muscle strength, but not flexibility, partly consistent with those previously hypothesized but not objectively reported, were present among a subgroup of women with extension-related CNLBP. These results may have implications for the selection of therapeutic exercises among this subgroup of people with CNLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Vatandoost
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Akhbari
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Salavati
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Pourahmadi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhang
- Department of Statistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kieran O'Sullivan
- School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Center, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,School of Allied Health, Sports and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Rose-Dulcina K, Vassant C, Lauper N, Dominguez DE, Armand S. The SWING test: A more reliable test than passive clinical tests for assessing sagittal plane hip mobility. Gait Posture 2022; 92:77-82. [PMID: 34826697 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical assessment of sagittal plane hip mobility is usually performed using the Modified Thomas Test (for extension) and the Straight-Leg-Raise (for flexion) with a goniometer. These tests have limited reliability, however. An active swinging leg movement test (the SWING test), assessed using 3D motion analysis, could provide an alternative to these passive clinical tests. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the SWING test a more reliable alternative to evaluate hip mobility, in comparison to the clinical extension and flexion tests? METHODS Ten asymptomatic adult participants were evaluated by two investigators over three sessions. Participants performed 10 maximal hip extensions and flexions, with both legs straight and no trunk movement (the SWING test). Hip kinematics was assessed using a 3D motion analysis system. Maximal and minimal hip angles were calculated for each swing and represented maximal hip flexion (SWING flexion) and extension (SWING extension), respectively. The Modified Thomas Test and Straight-Leg-Raise were repeated 3 times for each leg. On the first day, both investigators performed all the tests (SWING + Modified Thomas Test + Straight-Leg-Raise). A week later, a single investigator repeated all the tests. Inter-rater, intra-rater, within-day and between-day reliability were evaluated using intra-class correlation. RESULTS Intra-class correlation coefficients for all the tests were superior to 0.8, except for the Modified Thomas Test's intra-rater, between-day (intra-class correlation 0.673) and the Straight-Leg-Raise's inter-rater, within-day (intra-class correlation 0.294). The SWING test always showed a higher intra-class correlation coefficient than the passive clinical tests. The only significant correlation found was for the Straight-Leg-Raise and SWING flexion (r = 0.48; P < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE The SWING test seems to be an alternative to existing passive clinical tests, offering better reliability for assessing sagittal plane hip mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rose-Dulcina
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Cédric Vassant
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Lauper
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Dennis E Dominguez
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Armand
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Cady K, Powis M, Hopgood K. Intrarater and interrater reliability of the modified Thomas Test. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 29:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gerstle EE, O'Connor K, Keenan KG, Slavens BA, Cobb SC. The influence of age and fall history on single transition step kinematics. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 89:105456. [PMID: 34474313 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The risk of falls during locomotion increases with age, and step negotiation is one of the most hazardous types of gait for older adults. Further, a history of a fall is one of the strongest predictors of a future fall; and women fall more frequently, and incur greater medical costs, compared to men. The purpose of the study was to identify lower extremity kinematic factors associated with transition step clearance and foot placement in young women and older women with and without a fall history. Methods Forty-five female participants (15 per group) completed trials that consisted of walking barefoot along a raised walkway at a self-selected speed, descending a 17 cm step, and continued level ground walking. Variables of interest included lead and trail limb minimum step clearance and foot placement, and bilateral lower extremity joint positions at step clearance and at lead foot initial contact. Findings Significant group differences, with large effect sizes, were found in lead foot placement and knee flexion position at initial contact. Both older groups landed more closely to the step and made initial contact with the lead knee in a more flexed position compared to the young group. Interpretation The kinematic differences may be a strategy utilized by older adults to create an early landing to minimize time in single limb stance and compensate for age-related loss of lower extremity strength, range of motion, and/or balance. However, the greater knee flexion may also increase the risk a fall due to lead limb collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Gerstle
- Human Motion Laboratory, University of Scranton, Leahy Hall, 237 Jefferson Avenue, Scranton, PA 18510, USA.
| | - Kristian O'Connor
- Musculoskeletal Injury Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Enderis Hall, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
| | - Kevin G Keenan
- Neuromuscular Control Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Enderis Hall, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
| | - Brooke A Slavens
- Mobility Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Innovation Campus Accelerator, Room 140, 1225 Discovery Parkway, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Stephen C Cobb
- Gait & Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Enderis Hall, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
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Kim S, Park J. Patients with chronic unilateral anterior knee pain experience bilateral deficits in quadriceps function and lower quarter flexibility: a cross-sectional study. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:2531-2543. [PMID: 34253159 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1946871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about how chronic unilateral anterior knee pain (AKP) affects bilateral quadriceps function and lower quarter flexibility. Objective: To determine if patients with chronic unilateral AKP present bilateral deficits in quadriceps function and lower quarter flexibility. Methods: Twenty-two patients with chronic unilateral AKP (pain duration: 48.6 months) and 22 matched healthy controls were evaluated. Pain perception and functional outcomes were obtained. Knee joint and thigh circumferences, quadriceps subcutaneous tissue thickness and function (i.e. maximal and explosive strength, activation, and endurance), and lower quarter flexibility (i.e. hamstrings and iliopsoas/rectus femoris muscle) in both legs were compared across conditions. Results: Knee joint and thigh circumferences, and quadriceps subcutaneous tissue thickness were not different between conditions (P ≥ .39). Compared with matched healthy controls, patients with chronic unilateral AKP showed: 1) greater pain perception (0.0 versus 4.4 cm, P < .0001); 2) a lower score for functional outcomes (79.6 versus 53.9, P < .0001); 3) less bilateral quadriceps maximal (3.5 versus 2.8 Nm/kg, P < .0001) and explosive (10.8 versus 8.7 Nm/kg/s, P = .01) strength, activation (0.95 versus 0.83, P < .0001), and endurance (1.66 versus 1.52 Nm/kg, P = .02); and 4) less bilateral hamstrings (86.8 versus 72.6°, P = .002) and iliopsoas/rectus femoris (11.6 versus 7.8°, P < .05) flexibility. Conclusion: Patients with chronic unilateral AKP (without knee joint effusion or quadriceps muscle atrophy) appear to have bilateral deficits in quadriceps function and lower quarter flexibility, which should be addressed with pain reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwan Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jihong Park
- Department of Sports Medicine, Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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Holzgreve F, Maurer-Grubinger C, Isaak J, Kokott P, Mörl-Kreitschmann M, Polte L, Solimann A, Wessler L, Filmann N, van Mark A, Maltry L, Groneberg DA, Ohlendorf D. The acute effect in performing common range of motion tests in healthy young adults: a prospective study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21722. [PMID: 33303934 PMCID: PMC7728808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the application of range of motion (ROM) tests there is little agreement on the number of repetitions to be measured and the number of preceding warm-up protocols. In stretch training a plateau in ROM gains can be seen after four to five repetitions. With increasing number of repetitions, the gain in ROM is reduced. This study examines the question of whether such an effect occurs in common ROM tests. Twenty-two healthy sport students (10 m/12 f.) with an average age of 25.3 ± 1.94 years (average height 174.1 ± 9.8 cm; weight 66.6 ± 11.3 kg and BMI 21.9 ± 2.0 kg/cm2) volunteered in this study. Each subject performed five ROM tests in a randomized order—measured either via a tape measure or a digital inclinometer: Tape measure was used to evaluate the Fingertip-to-Floor test (FtF) and the Lateral Inclination test (LI). Retroflexion of the trunk modified after Janda (RF), Thomas test (TT) and a Shoulder test modified after Janda (ST) were evaluated with a digital inclinometer. In order to show general acute effects within 20 repetitions we performed ANOVA/Friedman-test with multiple comparisons. A non-linear regression was then performed to identify a plateau formation. Significance level was set at 5%. In seven out of eight ROM tests (five tests in total with three tests measured both left and right sides) significant flexibility gains were observed (FtF: p < 0.001; LI-left/right: p < 0.001/0.001; RF: p = 0.009; ST-left/right: p < 0.001/p = 0.003; TT-left: p < 0.001). A non-linear regression with random effects was successfully applied on FtF, RF, LI-left/right, ST-left and TT-left and thus, indicate a gradual decline in the amount of gained ROM. An acute effect was observed in most ROM tests, which is characterized by a gradual decline of ROM gain. For those tests, we can state that the acute effect described in the stretching literature also applies to the performance of typical ROM tests. Since a non-linear behavior was shown, it is the decision of the practitioner to weigh up between measurement accuracy and expenditure. Researchers and practitioners should consider this when applying ROM assessments to healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Holzgreve
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environment Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - C Maurer-Grubinger
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environment Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Isaak
- Institute of Sport Science, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P Kokott
- Institute of Sport Science, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Mörl-Kreitschmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Polte
- Institute of Sport Science, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Solimann
- Institute of Sport Science, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Wessler
- Institute of Sport Science, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Filmann
- Institute of Biostatistics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A van Mark
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environment Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Maltry
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environment Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D A Groneberg
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environment Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Ohlendorf
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environment Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Jairakdee Y, Chansirinukor W, Sitti T. Effect of releasing quadratus lumborum muscle on hip and knee muscle length in asymptomatic individuals. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 26:542-547. [PMID: 33992295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quadratus lumborum muscle (QL) is one of several muscles subject to tightness and relevant to symptoms in the back and hip. Although releasing the tight QL seems to resolve these symptoms in clinic, no study has investigated the effects of such releasing on the length of the hip and knee muscles. OBJECTIVE To compare muscle length of the hip and knee joints between pre- and post-releasing the QL. METHODS A quasi-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest design) was conducted. Thirty asymptomatic participants with mean age of 20.40 years took part in the study. An examiner assessed the participants' pelvic transverse gliding movement in standing and rotation of the upper trunk in supine to perceive the end feel of tissue resistance. The side with perceived more muscle tension was selected for receiving muscle release. Before manually releasing the QL, the participant was in the modified Thomas test position and pre-test range of motion (ROM) of hip flexion, hip abduction, and knee flexion angles was measured using a standard goniometer. After releasing the QL, the aforementioned angles were measured for post-test ROM. RESULTS The hip flexion angle was significantly reduced after releasing the QL (p < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant differences were found for the other 2 angles (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The length of iliopsoas muscle was increased after releasing the QL. The findings may be due to continuous fascial connection and similar attachment of the origins of these 2 muscles. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03016559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowapa Jairakdee
- Physical Therapy Center, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Thailand.
| | - Wunpen Chansirinukor
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Tippawan Sitti
- Physical Therapy Center, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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Occurrence and degree of iliopsoas muscle contracture in regular male squash players. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2020.4-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Range of Motion Improvement Following Surgical Management of Knee Arthrofibrosis in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Orthop 2018; 38:e495-e500. [PMID: 29985868 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthrofibrosis of the knee is well-described in adults as a potentially debilitating postoperative complication following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, total knee arthroplasty, or fracture fixation. Knee arthrofibrosis in children and adolescents, however, has received little attention. The primary purpose of this study was to report improvements in range of motion (ROM) following lysis of adhesions and manipulation under anesthesia (LOA/MUA) in children and adolescents with knee arthrofibrosis, and, secondarily, to evaluate for any effect of preoperative dynamic splinting on ROM outcomes. METHODS Ninety patients aged 18 years and below (mean, 14.4±3.5) and 31% male who underwent LOA/MUA at an urban tertiary care hospital following prior knee surgery were evaluated. Demographic, clinical, ROM, and revision data were compiled. Primary outcome was absolute ROM. Secondarily, ROM was analyzed as a categorical variable with "Full ROM" defined to be -5 to 130 degrees or better, "functional" ROM was defined as unable to obtain -5 to 130 degrees but not requiring revision, and "failure" defined as resulting in revision arthrofibrosis surgery. t tests and χ analyses were used to compare ROM and count variables between dynamic splinting subgroups. RESULTS Mean time from index surgery to LOA/MUA was 6.0±4.4 months, and follow-up was 42±56 months. Index procedures included anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (N=33), tibial spine arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (N=18), fracture fixation (N=17), soft tissue repair (N=17), and multiligament reconstruction (N=5). In total, 68 subjects (76%) had any flexion loss, 57 subjects (63%) had any extension loss, and 40 subjects (44%) had both flexion and extension loss.Fifty-six subjects (62%) had full ROM at final follow-up, 25 subjects (28%) had functional ROM, and 9 subjects (10%) required revision. No demographic, clinical, or surgical variable was predictive of treatment failure. Patients who underwent dynamic splinting preoperatively (N=46; 51%) had greater preoperative flexion (99±16 vs.77±34 degrees; P=0.001), but no difference in flexion at final follow-up (121±20 vs.128±11 degrees; P=0.08). Failure was not associated with time from index procedure to LOA/MUA, and the proportion who regained full ROM postoperatively was equivalent between those who had dynamic splinting and those who did not (65% vs. 59%; P=0.70). CONCLUSIONS LOA/MUA for children with arthrofibrotic knees results in significant improvements in ROM with 90% revision-free success. Preoperative dynamic or static progressive splinting improves preoperative flexion but does not affect postoperative range of motion or failure rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Maggioni S, Melendez-Calderon A, van Asseldonk E, Klamroth-Marganska V, Lünenburger L, Riener R, van der Kooij H. Robot-aided assessment of lower extremity functions: a review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2016; 13:72. [PMID: 27485106 PMCID: PMC4969661 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-016-0180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of sensorimotor functions is extremely important to understand the health status of a patient and its change over time. Assessments are necessary to plan and adjust the therapy in order to maximize the chances of individual recovery. Nowadays, however, assessments are seldom used in clinical practice due to administrative constraints or to inadequate validity, reliability and responsiveness. In clinical trials, more sensitive and reliable measurement scales could unmask changes in physiological variables that would not be visible with existing clinical scores.In the last decades robotic devices have become available for neurorehabilitation training in clinical centers. Besides training, robotic devices can overcome some of the limitations in traditional clinical assessments by providing more objective, sensitive, reliable and time-efficient measurements. However, it is necessary to understand the clinical needs to be able to develop novel robot-aided assessment methods that can be integrated in clinical practice.This paper aims at providing researchers and developers in the field of robotic neurorehabilitation with a comprehensive review of assessment methods for the lower extremities. Among the ICF domains, we included those related to lower extremities sensorimotor functions and walking; for each chapter we present and discuss existing assessments used in routine clinical practice and contrast those to state-of-the-art instrumented and robot-aided technologies. Based on the shortcomings of current assessments, on the identified clinical needs and on the opportunities offered by robotic devices, we propose future directions for research in rehabilitation robotics. The review and recommendations provided in this paper aim to guide the design of the next generation of robot-aided functional assessments, their validation and their translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Maggioni
- Sensory-Motor Systems (SMS) Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Hocoma AG, Volketswil, Switzerland.
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Alejandro Melendez-Calderon
- Hocoma AG, Volketswil, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edwin van Asseldonk
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Klamroth-Marganska
- Sensory-Motor Systems (SMS) Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Riener
- Sensory-Motor Systems (SMS) Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Herman van der Kooij
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Vigotsky AD, Lehman GJ, Contreras B, Beardsley C, Chung B, Feser EH. Acute effects of anterior thigh foam rolling on hip angle, knee angle, and rectus femoris length in the modified Thomas test. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1281. [PMID: 26421244 PMCID: PMC4586805 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Foam rolling has been shown to acutely increase range of motion (ROM) during knee flexion and hip flexion with the experimenter applying an external force, yet no study to date has measured hip extensibility as a result of foam rolling with controlled knee flexion and hip extension moments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of foam rolling on hip extension, knee flexion, and rectus femoris length during the modified Thomas test. Methods. Twenty-three healthy participants (male = 7; female = 16; age = 22 ± 3.3 years; height = 170 ± 9.18 cm; mass = 67.7 ± 14.9 kg) performed two, one-minute bouts of foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh. Hip extension and knee flexion were measured via motion capture before and after the foam rolling intervention, from which rectus femoris length was calculated. Results. Although the increase in hip extension (change = +1.86° (+0.11, +3.61); z(22) = 2.08; p = 0.0372; Pearson’s r = 0.43 (0.02, 0.72)) was not due to chance alone, it cannot be said that the observed changes in knee flexion (change = −1.39° (−5.53, +2.75); t(22) = −0.70; p = 0.4933; Cohen’s d = − 0.15 (−0.58, 0.29)) or rectus femoris length (change = −0.005 (−0.013, +0.003); t(22) = −1.30; p = 0.2070; Cohen’s d = − 0.27 (−0.70, 0.16)) were not due to chance alone. Conclusions. Although a small change in hip extension was observed, no changes in knee flexion or rectus femoris length were observed. From these data, it appears unlikely that foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh will improve passive hip extension and knee flexion ROM, especially if performed in combination with a dynamic stretching protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Vigotsky
- Kinesiology Program, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | | | - Bret Contreras
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
| | | | - Bryan Chung
- Hand Program, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Erin H Feser
- Kinesiology Program, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University , Phoenix, AZ , USA
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Bestimmung der sagittalen Kniegelenkbeweglichkeit. MANUELLE MEDIZIN 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-015-1257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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