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Burnie L, Chockalingam N, Holder A, Claypole T, Kilduff L, Bezodis N. Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review. Foot (Edinb) 2024; 59:102094. [PMID: 38579518 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2024.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Plantar pressure measurement systems are routinely used in sports and health applications to assess locomotion. The purpose of this review is to describe and critically discuss: (a) applications of the pressure measurement systems in sport and healthcare, (b) testing protocols and considerations for clinical gait analysis, (c) clinical recommendations for interpreting plantar pressure data, (d) calibration procedures and their accuracy, and (e) the future of pressure sensor data analysis. Rigid pressure platforms are typically used to measure plantar pressures for the assessment of foot function during standing and walking, particularly when barefoot, and are the most accurate for measuring plantar pressures. For reliable data, two step protocol prior to contacting the pressure plate is recommended. In-shoe systems are most suitable for measuring plantar pressures in the field during daily living or dynamic sporting movements as they are often wireless and can measure multiple steps. They are the most suitable equipment to assess the effects of footwear and orthotics on plantar pressures. However, they typically have lower spatial resolution and sampling frequency than platform systems. Users of pressure measurement systems need to consider the suitability of the calibration procedures for their chosen application when selecting and using a pressure measurement system. For some applications, a bespoke calibration procedure is required to improve validity and reliability of the pressure measurement system. The testing machines that are commonly used for dynamic calibration of pressure measurement systems frequently have loading rates of less than even those found in walking, so the development of testing protocols that truly measure the loading rates found in many sporting movements are required. There is clear potential for AI techniques to assist in the analysis and interpretation of plantar pressure data to enable the more complete use of pressure system data in clinical diagnoses and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Burnie
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - Nachiappan Chockalingam
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2RU, UK
| | | | - Tim Claypole
- Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating (WCPC), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Liam Kilduff
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Neil Bezodis
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
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Tang M, Zeng Z, Li C, Hu X, Wang L. Acute effects of athletic taping on arch deformity and plantar pressure in young female adults with flexible flatfoot. Gait Posture 2024; 108:250-256. [PMID: 38150945 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to explore the acute effects of athletic taping techniques on foot arch deformity and plantar pressure in young female adults with flexible flatfoot (FFT). METHODS Twenty young female adults with FFT were recruited in the current study. Each participant was randomly divided into two taping groups, namely, augmented low-dye (ALD) and modified low-dye (MLD). The foot arch deformity and plantar pressure were measured at baseline, after taping and after 20 min of walking. The foot arch deformity was determined based on navicular drop distance (NDD) and resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP). RESULTS Compared with baseline, the NDD values were significantly lower after taping. After 20 min of walking, ALD taping resulted in a lower NDD value than MLD (p < 0.001). ALD maintained a higher RCSP than baseline after 20 min of walking (p = 0.004). Furthermore, compared with baseline, medial midfoot force-time integration (p = 0.013) and contact area (p = 0.022) increased after taping with MLD, and peak pressure in the medial midfoot increased after walking for 20 min with MLD (p = 0.026). Peak pressure in the second to fifth toes significantly decreased after 20 min of walking with ALD compared with that after taping immediately (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS ALD and MLD taping could improve FFT arch deformity and plantar pressure distribution, prospectively changing peak pressure of the second to fifth toe area and medial midfoot after 20 min of walking, integrated contact area and force-time integration medial midfoot during walking in young female adults. Furthermore, ALD taping could improve FFT deformity more than using MLD after 20 min of walking. Thus, when treating FFT in young female adults, ALD taping should be considered adaptively to guide arch support production and correct midfoot pronation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Tang
- Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Mem, Zhongshan South 2nd Rd.601, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwei Zeng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- Rail Transit Department, Shanghai Fire and Rescue, South Xizang Rd.1, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Hengren Rd.188, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Hengren Rd.188, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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Martínez-Sebastián C, Ramos-Petersen L, Gámez-Guijarro M, Alabau-Dasi R, Banwell G, Núñez-Fernández A, Sánchez-Gómez R, Gómez-Carrión Á. Effects of Low-Dye Tape on Arch Height and Its Impact on the Medial Gastrocnemius Electromyographic Activity in Structurally Differentiable Foot Types: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2309. [PMID: 38137910 PMCID: PMC10744430 DOI: 10.3390/life13122309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-Dye tape (LDT) is a short-term treatment for plantar fasciitis, where external stabilization by means of the tape improves kinetics, kinematics, pain level, and electromyography (EMG). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the EMG of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and changes in arch height (AH) based on the type of foot. METHODS A total of 30 subjects participated in this study; they walked on a treadmill barefoot and when taped, where the average activity and changes in AH were measured over a 30 s period. The statistical intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test for reliability was calculated, and the Wilcoxon test was determined for measures of EMG and AH. RESULTS The reliability of the values of EMG was almost perfect. The data show that there was an increase in height in the comparison of the moment pre-baseline walking and post-taped walking on neutral feet (5.61 ± 0.46 vs. 5.77 ± 0.39 cm, p < 0.05), on pronated feet (5.67 ± 0.57 vs. 6.01 ± 0.53 cm, p < 0.001) and on supinated feet (5.97 ± 0.36 vs. 6.28 ± 0.27 cm, p < 0.05). In the MG, EMG activity decreased significantly in the taped condition compared to the baseline condition in neutral subjects (0.0081 ± 0.016 vs. 0.076 ± 0.016 mV, p < 0.05) and in pronated subjects (0.081 ± 0.022 vs. 0.068 ± 0.025 mV, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that with the use of LDT, there was an improvement in the average activity in the MG in pronated and neutral feet. All foot types improved in arch height with the use of tape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Sebastián
- Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (R.A.-D.); (G.B.)
| | - Laura Ramos-Petersen
- Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (R.A.-D.); (G.B.)
| | - María Gámez-Guijarro
- Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (R.A.-D.); (G.B.)
| | - Raquel Alabau-Dasi
- Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (R.A.-D.); (G.B.)
| | - George Banwell
- Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (R.A.-D.); (G.B.)
| | - Almudena Núñez-Fernández
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.N.-F.); (Á.G.-C.)
| | - Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.N.-F.); (Á.G.-C.)
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (FIBHCSC), Health Research Institute San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gómez-Carrión
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.N.-F.); (Á.G.-C.)
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Engkananuwat P, Kanlayanaphotporn R. Gluteus medius muscle strengthening exercise effects on medial longitudinal arch height in individuals with flexible flatfoot: a randomized controlled trial. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:57-66. [PMID: 36910682 PMCID: PMC9993003 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244572.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of foot plus hip exercise to foot exercise alone on medial longitudinal arch (MLA) parameters; navicular drop (ND), arch height index (AHI), plantar pressure, static balance, and dynamic balance were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. A total of 52 healthy participants with bilateral flatfoot were randomly assigned into foot exercise (n=26) and foot plus hip exercise (n=26) group. At 4 weeks, the foot plus hip exercise group showed significantly less ND (P=0.002), plantar pressure at the medial forefoot (P=0.002), and mediolateral displacement (P=0.001) while showing a greater AHI (P=0.019) than the foot exercise group. At 8 weeks, there was also significantly less plantar pressure at the medial hindfoot (P=0.017) and less anteroposterior displacement (P=0.002) in the foot plus hip exercise group than in the foot exercise group. No significant differences between groups were found in dynamic balance. The addition of gluteus medius muscle strengthening exercise to foot exercise was more effective in supporting the MLA than performing foot exercise alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoomchai Engkananuwat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rotsalai Kanlayanaphotporn
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Castro-Méndez A, Palomo-Toucedo IC, Pabón-Carrasco M, Ortiz-Romero M, Fernández-Seguín LM. The Short-Term Effect of Dynamic Tape versus the Low-Dye Taping Technique in Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16536. [PMID: 36554416 PMCID: PMC9779572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantar fasciitis is a painful disorder that affects the plantar fascia of the foot, with a multifactorial aetiology. Dorsal flexion deficiency in the ankle is a risk factor for it. The provisional use of taping is described as part of conservative treatment. Dynamic Tape® is a type of tape that, adhered to muscles, allows for potential elastic energy to accumulate and dissipate later, optimizing its function. Therefore, it can offer immediate benefits while the patient awaits definitive treatment depending on the cause. OBJECTIVE To verify the effectiveness of Dynamic Tape® and the low-dye taping technique on pain intensity, ankle range of motion, and foot posture index. METHOD A randomised, double-blind clinical trial was conducted. A total of 57 subjects from the Clinical Podiatry Area of the University of Seville (Spain), clinically diagnosed with plantar fasciitis, were randomized into two groups. For one week, in the gastrocnemius-Achilles-plantar system, one group was treated with Dynamic Tape® and another group with low-dye taping. Pain, degrees of movement of dorsal flexion, and the foot posture index were measured in both groups before the intervention and one week after the intervention. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore the differences between groups. RESULTS Significant differences in the decrease in pain intensity using Dynamic Tape® were found when comparing the treatments (p = 0.015) and the foot posture index was more normal in low-dye taping (p < 0.001). In both cases, the treatment showed similar behaviour with respect to the dorsal flexion ankle movement. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of Dynamic Tape®, compared to that of the low-dye taping, has a major benefit with regard to pain intensity from fasciitis, although it does not produce changes in the ankle range of motion and foot posture index. Consequently, Dynamic Tape® can be considered a taping technique with beneficial effects on pain intensity in the provisional approach to plantar fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lourdes Mª Fernández-Seguín
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Ataabadi PA, Abbassi A, Letafatkar A, Vanwanseele B. The effects of foot orthosis and low-dye tape on lower limb joint angles and moments during running in individuals with pes planus. Gait Posture 2022; 96:154-159. [PMID: 35660425 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pes Planus or Flat feet is one of the most common lower limb abnormalities. When runners with this abnormality participate in recreational running, interventional therapies could help in pain alleviation and enhance performance. To determine the most effective treatment, however, a biomechanical examination of the effects of each treatment modality is required. RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Foot Orthoses (FOs) and Low-Dye Tape (LDT) on lower limb joint angles and moments during running in individuals with pes planus. METHODS kinematic and kinetic data of 20 young people with pes planus were measured during running in three conditions: (1) SHOD (2) with shoes and FOs (3) with shoes and LDT. One-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to investigate the impacts of the FOs and LDT on the lower limb joint angles and moments throughout the stance phase of the running cycle. RESULTS The results showed that FOs reduced ankle eversion compared to SHOD and LDT (P < 0.001) and decreased the dorsiflexion angle (P = 0.005) and the plantarflexor moment compared to the SHOD (P < 0.001). FOs increased knee adduction angle (P = 0.021) and knee external rotator moment (P < 0.001) compared to both conditions and increased knee extensor and abductor moments compared to SHOD (P < 0.001). At the hip joint, FOs only increased hip external rotation compared with the LDT condition (P = 0.031); and LDT increased hip extensor moment compared to SHOD and FOs (P = 0.037) and also increased hip adduction angle compared to SHOD (P = 0.037). SIGNIFICANCE FOs with a medial wedge appears to increase the external knee adduction moment and knee adduction angles, which are risk factors for the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Further, usage of FOs seems to reduce the ankle joint role in propulsion as it impacts the ankle sagittal angles and moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Aghaie Ataabadi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Abbassi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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SHINOHARA H, HORI E, KOBAYASHI M, OBATA F, KOBAYASHI S, URABE Y. The validity of medial longitudinal arch measurements using ultrasonography characteristics compared to X-ray measurements. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dendrogram for Anthropometric and Biomechanical Variables Causing Foot Deformities by Using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Chiropr Med 2022; 21:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dickerson LC, Queen RM. Foot Posture and Plantar Loading With Ankle Bracing. J Athl Train 2021; 56:461-472. [PMID: 34000019 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-164-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Arch height is one important aspect of foot posture. An estimated 20% of the population has pes planus and 20% has pes cavus. These abnormal foot postures can alter lower extremity kinematics and plantar loading and contribute to injury risk. Ankle bracing is commonly used in sport to prevent these injuries, but no researchers have examined the effects of ankle bracing on plantar loading. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ankle braces on plantar loading during athletic tasks. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 36 participants (11 men, 25 women; age = 23.1 ± 2.5 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.09 m, mass = 66.3 ± 14.7 kg) were recruited for this study. INTERVENTION(S) Participants completed walking, running, and cutting tasks in 3 bracing conditions: no brace, lace-up ankle-support brace, and semirigid brace. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We analyzed the plantar-loading variables of contact area, maximum force, and force-time integral for 2 midfoot and 3 forefoot regions and assessed the displacement of the center of pressure. A 3 × 3 mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of brace and foot type (α = .05). RESULTS Foot type affected force measures in the middle (P range = .003-.047) and the medial side of the foot (P range = .004-.04) in all tasks. Brace type affected contact area in the medial midfoot during walking (P = .005) and cutting (P = .01) tasks, maximum force in the medial and lateral midfoot during all tasks (P < .001), and force-time integral in the medial midfoot during all tasks (P < .001). Portions of the center-of-pressure displacement were affected by brace wear in both the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions (P range = .001-.049). CONCLUSIONS Ankle braces can be worn to redistribute plantar loading. Additional research should be done to evaluate their effectiveness in injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Dickerson
- Kevin P. Granata Biomechanics Lab, Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
| | - Robin M Queen
- Kevin P. Granata Biomechanics Lab, Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
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Effects of taping techniques on arch deformation in adults with pes planus: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253567. [PMID: 34214104 PMCID: PMC8253385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate effects of taping techniques on arch deformation in adults with pes planus. Methods The following databases were searched up to March 2020, including Web of Science, Pubmed, EBSCO, CNKI and Cochrane Library. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed by I2 index and funnel plots, respectively. In addition, Cochrane scale was used to evaluate the quality of research. Results Navicular height for three antipronation taping techniques significantly increased immediately post tape compared with baseline (mean difference = 4.86 mm, 95% CI = 2.86–6.87 mm, Z = 4.75, p < 0.001). The highest increase was observed in Augmented low-Dye (ALD). Modified low-Dye (MLD) was second only to ALD (p<0.001). Navicular height after walking for 10 min was much higher than baseline (p<0.001), with MLD decreased smaller than ALD. Conclusions ALD was the most effective taping technique for controlling foot arch collapse immediately post tape compared with baseline, followed by MLD. By contrast, MLD could possibly performed better than ALD in maintaining immediate navicular height after walking for 10 min. Low-Dye could make resting calcaneal stance position closer to neutral position. Although positive effects of Navicular sling, low-Dye and Double X taping interventions were observed, they could not maintain this immediate navicular height effect after a period of higher intensity weight-bearing exercise.
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Song J, Lin J, Austin T, Teter R, Oshiokpekhai K, An M, Tran H, Palamarchuk H, Pettineo S. Does QUICK TAPE Offer Comparable Support and Off-loading as Low-Dye Taping? J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2021; 111:466716. [PMID: 34144591 DOI: 10.7547/18-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-Dye taping is commonly used to manage foot pathologies and pain. Precut one-piece QUICK TAPE was designed to facilitate taping. However, no study to date has demonstrated that QUICK TAPE offers similar support and off-loading as traditional taping. METHODS This pilot study compared the performance of QUICK TAPE and low-Dye taping in 20 healthy participants (40 feet) with moderate-to-severe pes planus. Study participants completed arch height index (AHI), dynamic plantar assessment with a plantar pressure measurement system, and subjective rating in three conditions: barefoot, low-Dye, and QUICK TAPE. The order of test conditions was randomized for each participant, and the taping was applied to both feet based on a standard method. A generalized estimating equation with an identity link function was used to examine differences across test conditions while accounting for potential dependence in bilateral data. RESULTS Participants stood with a significantly greater AHI (P = .007) when either taping was applied compared with barefoot. Participants also demonstrated significantly different plantar loading when walking with both tapings versus barefoot. Both tapings yielded reduced force-time integral (FTI) in the medial and lateral forefoot and increased FTI under toes. Unlike previous studies, however, no lateralization of plantar pressure was observed with either taping. Participants ranked both tapings more supportive than barefoot. Most participants (77.8%) ranked low-Dye least comfortable, and 55.6% preferred QUICK TAPE over low-Dye. CONCLUSIONS Additional studies are needed to examine the clinical utility of QUICK TAPE in individuals with foot pathologies such as heel pain syndrome and metatarsalgia.
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Madruga-Armada Ó, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, Calvo-Lobo C, Rodriguez-Sanz D, Martínez-Jiménez EM, Mazoteras-Pardo V, San-Antolín M. Reliability and Repeatability of Pressure Center Analysis with Low-Dye Taping Using Force Platform Podiatry Sensors in Feet with Excessive Pronation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063265. [PMID: 33809948 PMCID: PMC8004154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of the center of pressure (COP) is a method used to assess the foot function, but its reliability and repeatability have not been evaluated. COP can be altered by diverse conditions, like an excessive foot pronation. Low-Dye taping is commonly used for the treatment of symptoms related to an excessive pronation. To date, no study has evaluated the effects of the Low-Dye taping on COP and the duration of its effects. Thus, the main purpose of this manuscript was to assess the reliability and repeatability of the percentage of center of pressure locus area (%CLA) in feet with an excessive pronation, and secondarily, to assess that the Low-Dye taping modifies the %CLA during the immediate 48 h. METHODS An observational study of the reliability and repeatability of the %CLA variable with the Low-Dye taping in feet with excessive pronation was carried out. We used the EPS-Platform to evaluate the results of the variable in 6 conditions in a first session to evaluate the reliability of the results. We compared the results of the first session with the results in a second session to evaluate the repeatability of the results. We also carried out an ANOVA test to evaluate the changes that the taping produced in the variable between without taping with the rest of the 6 conditions. RESULTS For the %CLA, we observed a reliability greater than 0.80, measured by the interclass ratio index, both in the first session before taping, and in the second session before taping, thus being a repeatability variable. In the following times, with taping, at 10 min with tape, at 20 min with tape, at 24 h with tape and at 48 h with tape; an interclass ratio coefficient (ICC) higher than 0.80 was again obtained, thus being a reliable variable in all measurements made. The Low-Dye taping did not change %CLA from the time the tape was put in until 48 h (p-value = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS The %CLA variable, in feet with excessive pronation, proved to be a reliable variable in all the measurements obtained before putting on the tape and during the following 48 h with the tape, and a repeatable variable. The Low-Dye taping did not change the %CLA from the time the tape was put in until 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Madruga-Armada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.M.-A.); (M.E.L.-I.)
| | - Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (C.C.-L.); (E.M.M.-J.)
| | - Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.M.-A.); (M.E.L.-I.)
| | - Cesar Calvo-Lobo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (C.C.-L.); (E.M.M.-J.)
| | - David Rodriguez-Sanz
- Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (C.C.-L.); (E.M.M.-J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eva María Martínez-Jiménez
- Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (C.C.-L.); (E.M.M.-J.)
| | - Victoria Mazoteras-Pardo
- Grupo de Investigación ENDOCU, Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Casilla la Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Marta San-Antolín
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
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Koh HLA, Lin WH, Kong PW. Comfort and Ground Reaction Forces in Flat-Footed Female Runners: Comparison of Low-Dye Taping versus Sham Taping. J Sports Sci Med 2020; 19:620-626. [PMID: 32874115 PMCID: PMC7429432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of low-Dye tape on comfort and ground reaction forces (GRF) in flat-footed female runners. A randomized cross-over study was conducted on 15 flat-footed female recreational runners. Participants ran at three speeds (9, 10, 11 km/h) under two conditions: low-Dye and sham taping. Comfort level was assessed using a 150-mm visual analog scale. GRF data were collected using an instrumented treadmill. Stance time, peak forces, and loading rates were extracted. Low-Dye taping showed a lower comfort level (low-Dye, 63.8 (24.3) mm, sham 122.0 (16.0) mm, mean difference [95% confident intervals], -58.2 [68.2, 48.2] mm, p < 0.001). For all biomechanical variables, there was no interaction (taping condition a speed) effect or difference between taping conditions. As running speed increased, there was a decrease in stance time (p < 0.001) and increase in loading rate (p = 0.009), impact peak (p = 0.004), active peak (p < .001), breaking peak (p < 0.001), propulsive peak (p < 0.001), medial peak (p < 0.001), and lateral peak (p < 0.001). Compared with sham taping, application of low-Dye taping was less comfortable but did not alter running ground reaction forces among flat-footed female runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li Alvina Koh
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pui Wah Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Chen TLW, Wong DWC, Peng Y, Zhang M. Prediction on the plantar fascia strain offload upon Fascia taping and Low-Dye taping during running. J Orthop Translat 2019; 20:113-121. [PMID: 31908942 PMCID: PMC6938939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taping is commonly prescribed to treat plantar fasciitis for runners by virtue of its alleged ability to offload the plantar fascia and facilitate positive injury prognosis. Our study aimed to investigate how different taping methods could change the loading on the plantar fascia during running using computational simulations. Methods A finite element foot model was modified from a previous version to fit the study's purpose. The model featured twenty bones, bulk soft tissue, foot muscles, ligaments/tendons, and a solid part representing the plantar fascia. A runner performed several running trials under one untaped condition and two taped conditions—Low-Dye taping and Fascia taping, which were implemented by a physiotherapist using the Kinesio tapes. The captured motion data were processed to drive a scaled musculoskeletal model and calculate segmental kinematics, foot muscle force, and joint reaction force. These variables were then input as the boundary/loading conditions for finite element analyses of running. The principal tensile strain on the plantar fascia, subtalar eversion, and navicular height during the stance phase were averaged across five trials of each condition and compared using Friedman's test. Results Maximal subtalar eversion did not differ among conditions (p = 0.449). Fascia taping significantly reduced maximal strains on the fascia band (p = 0.034, Kendall's W = 0.64–0.76) and increased the navicular height (p = 0.013, Kendall's W = 0.84) compared with nontaping. There were no significant differences in all outcome variables between Low-Dye taping and nontaping (p = 0.173–0.618). Conclusion From a mechanical point of view, our study provided quantitative evidence to support the application of taping treatments for overstrained plantar fascia. The untensed fascia band by Fascia taping could be a potential indicator of pain relief for the runners. However, a prospective study targeting the patient population would be needed to address the point. The Translational Potential of this Article The study quantified the loading status of the plantar fascia during running and provided mechanical evidence to support the usage of taping as a mean to reduce fascial strain, thus possibly controlling injury risks for the runners. The results of the study also highlighted the importance of selecting specific taping methods based on individuals' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Lin-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghu Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Siu WS, Shih YF, Lin HC. Effects of Kinesio tape on supporting medial foot arch in runners with functional flatfoot: a preliminary study. Res Sports Med 2019; 28:168-180. [PMID: 31262193 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2019.1638258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-pronation effects of Kinesio tape on flexible flatfoot during running. Nine volunteers participated in a crossover trail of two conditions: with Kinesio tape (KT) or without taping (NT). The running consisted of 9 stages of different inclines on a treadmill over 28 minutes. Navicular drop distance (NDD) was measured before and after the running. Electromyography, the relative plantar pressure, Rating of Perceived Exertion and Visual Analogue Scale were recorded at each stage. After the application of Kinesio tapes over the tibialis posterior and transverse arch, the NDD reduced significantly and the relative posterior pressure reduced during stage 8. Without taping, the NDD decreased slightly after exercise. Comparing between conditions, the tibialis anterior were more activated with Kinesio tape in stages 4 and 5. During the latter half of the running, the medial gastrocnemius and peroneus longus reduced their activity in the KT and NT conditions respectively. In conclusion, the Kinesio tapes intended to facilitate the tibialis posterior and reinforce the transverse arch can reduce NDD in individuals with flexible flatfoot immediately after application, and increase muscle activity of their tibialis anterior during the first 15 minutes of the running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng-Sam Siu
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Shih
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Chen Lin
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Park J, Kim T. Acute effect of taping on plantar pressure characteristics in athletes with exercise-induced leg pain: a description and comparison of groups. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2019; 47:212-219. [PMID: 30462925 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1547085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Foot pronation is considered as a potential risk factor of lower leg overuse injury. This study aimed to identify plantar pressure characteristics of elite athletes with exercise-induced leg pain in throwing athletic disciplines, and to verify the acute effect of taping for restricting foot pronation by analyzing the plantar pressure characteristics. METHODS This study was designed as a description and comparison of throwing athletic athletes. Participants were divided into exercise-induced leg pain (ELP group, n = 17) and control groups (CON group, n = 14). Plantar pressure variables (contact area, maximum force, and peak pressure) at eight-foot regions in athletes' supporting leg were recorded during standing on one leg and a natural walk before and after applying anti-pronation or sham taping techniques. RESULTS There are significant difference of contact area, maximal force, and peak pressure in some regions of their foot between the ELP and CON groups. But the anti-pronation taping decreased only the peak pressure in lateral midfoot of CON group during a natural walk (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The anti-pronation taping technique may not be effective preventive strategy from the exercise-induced leg pain, such as shin splints.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeMyoung Park
- a Research Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science , Korea National Sport University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Taegyu Kim
- b Department of Marine Sports , Pukyoung National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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Shinohara H, Hori E, Obata F, Kobayashi M, Urabe Y. The validity of medial longitudinal arch measurements using ultrasound compared to that of caliper measurements. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Araguas Garcia C, Corbi Soler F. Effect of debridement of plantar hyperkeratoses on gait in older people - An exploratory trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:7-13. [PMID: 29879593 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperkeratoses are a common cause of foot pain due to the release of inflammatory mediators, which can have an impact on the mobility and independence of people suffering from them. However, the repercussions that hyperkeratoses have on gait parameters remain uncertain. AIM The aim of this study is to analyze the repercussions that plantar hyperkeratosis debridement has on several kinematic and kinetic variables of gait in a group of older participants. METHODS 98 older participants (75.1 ± 6.7 years) were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A, Scalpel debridement of plantar hyperkeratoses; and Group B, Control group (Simulated debridement). Plantar hyperkeratotic pain was measured before and after treatment on a visual analog scale. Several kinematic and kinetic variables of gait were measured before and after treatment using a Win-Track pressure sensitive walkway. RESULTS A significant difference was found in the level of pain between the treated group and the control group (p < 0.01 [8.55-18.15; 95% confidence interval]). Regarding the gait parameters, statistically significant reductions were found in peak pressures (p < 0.05; Cohen's d = 2.688) and maximum force (p < 0.04; d = 0.262). CONCLUSIONS Data suggests that debridement of plantar hyperkeratosis may lead to a reduction in pain and appear to reduce peak maximum force and peak plantar pressure. No significant changes were observed in the kinematic variables analyzed. The duration of the benefits remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Araguas Garcia
- Josep Finestres Foundation, Podiatry Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Health and Management, National Institute for Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC) - Lleida Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Francisco Corbi Soler
- Department of Health and Management, National Institute for Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC) - Lleida Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Chae YH, Kim JS, Kang Y, Kim HY, Yi TI. Clinical and Biomechanical Effects of Low-Dye Taping and Figure-8 Modification of Low-Dye Taping in Patients With Heel Pad Atrophy. Ann Rehabil Med 2018; 42:222-228. [PMID: 29765875 PMCID: PMC5940598 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2018.42.2.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate and compare the effect of low-dye taping (LDT) and figure-8 modification of LDT (MLDT) on peak plantar pressure and heel pain in patients with heel pad atrophy. Methods There were reviewed 32 feet of 19 patients who have been diagnosed with heel pad atrophy who were enrolled in this study. The patients were diagnosed with heel pad atrophy with clinical findings, and loaded heel pad thickness measured by ultrasonography. At the first visit, patients were taught how to do LDT and MLDT. They were instructed to do daily living with barefoot, LDT and MLDT at least one time per day. Patients performed pedobarography with barefoot, LDT and MLDT within 2 weeks. The severity of heel pain was also checked with the visual analogue scale (VAS) during daily living with barefoot, LDT and MLDT. Results VAS of hindfoot were significantly decreased after LDT and MLDT (p<0.01). Peak plantar pressure under hindfoot were also decreased after LDT and MLDT (p<0.01). The effect of MLDT in decreasing peak plantar pressure of hindfoot (p<0.01) and pain relief (p=0.001) was better than the effect of LDT. Conclusion The LDT technique is clinically useful for pain management and reducing peak plantar pressure of hindfoot in patients with heel pad atrophy. MLDT is more effective than LDT in reducing peak plantar pressure and heel pain in patients with heel pad atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Hyeon Chae
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Sup Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeon Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Samcheok Medical Center, Samcheok, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Im Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Kim T, Park JC. Short-term effects of sports taping on navicular height, navicular drop and peak plantar pressure in healthy elite athletes: A within-subject comparison. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8714. [PMID: 29145309 PMCID: PMC5704854 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is one of the most common exercise-induced leg pain. The navicular drop (ND) was identified as a risk factor for MTSS. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of sports taping applied to the supporting lower leg during sitting, standing, walking, and jogging to restrict the ND in healthy elite athletes.Twenty-four healthy elite athletes without a history of exercise-induced pain or injuries in the lower limbs participated in this study (median age: 21.00 years; 1st--3rd quartiles; 19.25-22.00). The 4 taping conditions were used: rigid taping (RT), kinesiology taping (KT), placebo taping (PT), and non-taping (NT). The order of taping techniques was randomly assigned. Normalized navicular height (NH), ND, and normalized ND evaluated using 3-dimensional motion analysis, and normalized peak plantar pressure (PP) were compared in 4 taping conditions during sitting, standing, walking, and jogging.During sitting, the normalized NH of RT is higher than that of NT, KT, and PT (χ = 17.30, P = .001), while during jogging, the normalized NH of RT is higher than that of NT and PT (χ = 10.55, P = .014). The normalized peak PP of NT is higher than that of PT (χ = 8.871, P = .031) in the lateral midfoot region.This study showed the RT technique maintained NH during sitting and jogging, and the RT technique could be an effective preventive and treatment strategy for MTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegyu Kim
- Department of Marine Sports, Pukyong National University, Busan
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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