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Mohammadpour AH, Nazemi S, Mashhadi F, Rezapour A, Afshar M, Afzalnia S, Mohammadi A, Mashreghi Moghadam HR, Moradian M, Moallem SMH, Falahaty S, Zayerzadeh A, Elyasi S. Evaluation of NPP1 as a Novel Biomarker of Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study in Human Beings. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:489-493. [PMID: 30276146 PMCID: PMC6156488 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is utilized as an important tool for global risk assessment of cardiovascular events in individuals with intermediate risk. Ecto phosphodiesterase/nucleotide phosphohydrolase-1(ENPP1) converts extracellular nucleotides into inorganic pyrophosphate and it is a key regulator of tissue calcification that adjusts calcification in tissues like vascular smooth muscle cells. The main purpose of this clinical study was to find out the correlation between ENPP1 serum concentration and CAC in human for the first time. Methods: In this study 83 patients (16 diabetic patients and 67 non-diabetic patients) with coronary artery disease who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria, entered the study. For all patients a questionnaire consisting demographic data and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were completed. Computed tomography (CT)-Angiography was carried out to determine coronary artery calcium score and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for measuring ENPP1 serum concentrations. Results: There was a reverse significant correlation between ENPP1 serum concentration and total CAC score and also CAC of right coronary artery (RCA) (P<0.05) in non-diabetic patients. Conclusion: On the basis of our results, ENPP1 serum concentration may be a suitable biomarker for coronary artery disease at least in non-diabetic patients. However, more studies with higher sample size are necessary for its confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazemi
- Research and Education Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Rezapour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afshar
- Department of Anatomy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Afzalnia
- Research and Education Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Mashreghi Moghadam
- Birjand Cardiovascular Disease Research Center; Department of Cardiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradian
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Falahaty
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Zayerzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Sumi S, Ramachandran S, RamanKutty V, Patel MM, Anand TN, Mullasari AS, Kartha CC. ENPP1 121Q functional variant enhances susceptibility to coronary artery disease in South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:67-72. [PMID: 28497367 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction and ensuing cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. ENPP1 is a key modulator of insulin signaling and its polymorphism, K121Q, increases the potency to competitively inhibit insulin receptor binding. We investigated the association of ENPP1 121Q variant with coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with and without T2DM in South Indian population. Our study was conducted in 913 subjects: 198 patients with CAD, 284 patients in whom T2DM and CAD co-exists, 160 patients with T2DM and no CAD history, and 271 healthy volunteers. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP and PCR-DNA sequencing. Genotype frequency of ENPP1 121Q was higher in disease groups compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). T2DM patients who carried polymorphic AC/CC genotypes were at 12.8-fold enhanced risk to CAD (95% CI 4.97-37.18, p < 0.01). Moreover we observed that 121Q, both in heterozygous and homozygous polymorphic states, was a risk factor for CAD without diabetes (OR 4.15, p < 0.01). 121Q variant was associated with T2DM patients with no CAD history too, but the risk was statistically insignificant after multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 2.32, p > 0.05). We conclude that ENPP1 121Q variant is associated with increased risk for CAD in patients with T2DM in South Indian population. We also report that 121Q variant of ENPP1 was an independent risk factor for CAD irrespective of diabetic milieu. Factors which enhance insulin resistance increase the risk for onset and progression of coronary atherosclerosis irrespective of a diabetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Surya Ramachandran
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - V RamanKutty
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Maulin M Patel
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - T N Anand
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - C C Kartha
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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Abstract
Artery calcification reflects an admixture of factors such as ectopic osteochondral differentiation with primary host pathological conditions. We review how genetic factors, as identified by human genome-wide association studies, and incomplete correlations with various mouse studies, including knockout and strain analyses, fit into "pieces of the puzzle" in intimal calcification in human atherosclerosis, and artery tunica media calcification in aging, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. We also describe in sharp contrast how ENPP1, CD73, and ABCC6 serve as "cogs in a wheel" of arterial calcification. Specifically, each is a minor component in the function of a much larger network of factors that exert balanced effects to promote and suppress arterial calcification. For the network to normally suppress spontaneous arterial calcification, the "cogs" ENPP1, CD73, and ABCC6 must be present and in working order. Monogenic ENPP1, CD73, and ABCC6 deficiencies each drive a molecular pathophysiology of closely related but phenotypically different diseases (generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and arterial calcification caused by CD73 deficiency (ACDC)), in which premature onset arterial calcification is a prominent but not the sole feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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