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Baghirzada L, Walker A, Yu HC, Endersby R. The analgesic effect of transversalis fascia plane block after caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with intrathecal morphine: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:63-70. [PMID: 37961945 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to test whether bilateral injection of bupivacaine 0.25% in the transversalis fascia plane reduced 24 h opioid dose after singleton caesarean section, under spinal anaesthesia with intrathecal morphine, compared with saline 0.9% injectate. We allocated randomly 52 women to bilateral injection of 20 ml saline 0.9% on arrival in the post-anaesthesia care unit and 54 women to bilateral injection of 20 ml bupivacaine 0.25% (with adrenaline 2.5 μg.ml-1 ). Mean (SD) cumulative morphine equivalent opioid dose 24 h after saline injection was 32.3 (28.3) mg and 18.7 (20.2) mg after bupivacaine injection, a mean (95%CI) difference of 13.7 (4.1-23.2) mg (p = 0.006). Median (IQR [range]) time to first postoperative opioid dose was 3.0 (1.5-10.3 [0.0-57.4]) h after saline 0.9% and 8.2 (2.7-29.6 [0.2-55.4]) h after bupivacaine 0.25% (p = 0.054). Transversalis fascia plane with bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenaline reduced postoperative pain at rest during 48 h (0-10-point scale) by a mean (95%CI) of 0.9 (0.2-1.6) points (p = 0.013) and on movement by 1.2 (0.4-2.1) points (p = 0.004). We conclude that transversalis fascia plane bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenaline reduces pain and opioid dose after caesarean section compared with saline 0.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baghirzada
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - A Walker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - H C Yu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - R Endersby
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
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Nair A, Dudhedia U, Rangaiah M, Borkar N. Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block for postoperative analgesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Anaesth 2023; 67:331-342. [PMID: 37303881 PMCID: PMC10248896 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_43_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block (TFPB) has been used for providing postoperative analgesia after various lower abdominal surgeries like iliac crest bone harvesting, inguinal hernia repair, caesarean section and appendicectomy. After registering the protocol in PROSPERO, various databases like PubMed/Medline, Ovid, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials and observational, comparative studies till October 2022. The risk of bias (RoB-2) scale was used to assess the quality of evidence. The database searched identified 149 articles. Out of these, 8 studies were identified for qualitative analysis and 3 studies were TFPB was compared to control in patients undergoing caesarean section were selected for quantitative analysis. At 12 hours, pain scores were significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control on movement with no heterogeneity. At other times, the pain scores were comparable. 24-hr opioid consumption was significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control with significant heterogeneity. Time to rescue analgesia was significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control with significant heterogeneity. Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia were significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control with no heterogeneity. Postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV) was significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control with minimal heterogeneity. In conclusion, TFPB is a safe block which provides opioid-sparing postoperative analgesia and a delayed time to rescue analgesia with no significant difference in pain scores and lesser PONV postoperatively when compared to control in patients undergoing caesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nair
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ibra Hospital, Ministry of Health-Oman, Ibra-414, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ujjwalraj Dudhedia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, DR. L.H. Hiranandani Hospital, Powai Mumbai, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Manamohan Rangaiah
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Management, Walsall Manor Hospital, Moat Rd., Walsall WS2 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Nitin Borkar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Abdelbaser I, Salah DM, Ateyya AA, Abdo MI. Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block versus lateral quadratus lumborum plane block for analgesia after inguinal herniotomy in children: a randomized controlled non-inferiority study. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:82. [PMID: 36932317 PMCID: PMC10022034 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical repair of inguinal hernia is one of the most common day case surgeries in the pediatric population. This study compared the postoperative analgesic effects of transversalis fascia plane block (TFB) versus quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in children scheduled for open unilateral inguinal herniotomy. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled non-inferiority study, 76 eligible patients were recruited. Patients were randomly allocated to either the TFB or QLB group. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients who needed rescue analgesia during the first postoperative 12 h. The secondary outcomes were, the time needed to perform the block, the postoperative FLACC score, intraoperative heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). RESULTS The proportion of patients who required a rescue analgesic was comparable (p = 1.000) between the TFB group (7/34, 20.5%) and the QLB group (6/34, 17.6%). The median [Q1-Q3] time needed to perform the block (min) was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in the QLB group (5[5]) compared with the TFB group. The postoperative FLACC pain scale was comparable between the two groups at all-time points of assessment. There is no difference regarding the heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure values at the time points that the values were recorded. (P > 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Both TFB and QLB similarly provide good postoperative analgesia by reducing the proportion of patients who required rescue analgesia, pain scores and analgesic consumption. Moreover, TFB is technically easier than QLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdelbaser
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Mahmoud Salah
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amer Abdullah Ateyya
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ibrahim Abdo
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Celik EC, Ozbey I, Aydin ME, Yayik AM, Oral Ahiskalioglu E, Tor IH, Ahiskalioglu A. Efficacy of transversalis fascia plane block as a novel ındication for varicocelectomy surgery: prospective randomized controlled study. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:48. [PMID: 36750790 PMCID: PMC9903451 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele occurs as a result of dilatation of the pampiniform plexus in the spermatic veins. In this study, our primary aim was to evaluate the effect of Transversalis Fascia Plane Block (TFPB) on pain scores in the postoperative period in patients undergoing varicocelectomy surgery, and our secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of TFPB on analgesic consumption. METHODS The study was initiated following local ethics committee approval, and sixty ASA I-II patients > 18y scheduled to undergo varicocelectomy and who consented to participation were enrolled. Before the procedure, the patients were randomly assigned two groups: Transversalis Fascia Plan block group (Group TFPB) or surgical incision site infiltration group (Group I).All surgeries were carried out under general anesthesia, and microsurgery using the subinguinal approach. After surgical suturing, TFPB and local infiltration blocks were applied prior to termination of anesthesia.For each block, 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was utilized. Patients' demographic information, passive and active VAS ratings after surgery, usage of non steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and rescue analgesia, and the requirement for rescue analgesia, were recorded. RESULTS A total of 60 patients were included in the study. In terms of demographic data, there was no difference between the groups. At all hours, there was a statistically significant decrease in favor of Group TFPB in terms of active and passive VAS scores (p < 0.001), non steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic use (p < 0.05), and tramadol requirement (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study has shown that TFPB can provide a more effective analgesia when compared to surgical site infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cem Celik
- Medical Faculty of Atatürk University, Deparment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turkey. .,Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Isa Ozbey
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XMedical Faculty of Atatürk University, Department of Urology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Enes Aydin
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XMedical Faculty of Atatürk University, Deparment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turkey ,grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XClinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Murat Yayik
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XMedical Faculty of Atatürk University, Deparment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turkey ,grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XClinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XMedical Faculty of Atatürk University, Deparment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turkey ,grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XClinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Hakki Tor
- grid.414570.30000 0004 0446 7716Deparment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XMedical Faculty of Atatürk University, Deparment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turkey ,grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XClinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kaye AD, Edinoff AN, Yan JY, Kaye AJ, Alvarado MA, Pham AD, Chami AA, Shah RJ, Dixon BM, Shafeinia A, Cornett EM, Fox C. Novel Local Anesthetics in Clinical Practice: Pharmacologic Considerations and Potential Roles for the Future. Anesth Pain Med 2022; 12:e123112. [PMID: 35433373 PMCID: PMC8995776 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of pain, both acute and chronic, has been a focus of medicine for generations. Physicians have tried to develop novel ways to effectively manage pain in surgical and post-surgical settings. One intervention demonstrating efficacy is nerve blocks. Single-injection peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are usually preferred over continuous PNBs, since they are not associated with longer lengths of stay. The challenge of single injection PNBs is their length of duration, which at present is a major limitation. Novel preparations of local anesthetics have also been studied, and these new preparations could allow for extended duration of action of anesthetics. An emerging preparation of bupivacaine, exparel, uses a multivesicular liposomal delivery system which releases medication in a steady, controlled manner. Another extended-release local anesthetic, HTX-011, consists of a combination of bupivacaine and low-dose meloxicam. Tetrodotoxin, a naturally occurring reversible site 1 sodium channel toxin derived from pufferfish and shellfish, has shown the potential to block conduction of isolated nerves. Neosaxitoxin is a more potent reversible site 1 sodium channel toxin also found in shellfish that can also block nerve conduction. These novel formulations show great promise in terms of the ability to prolong the duration of single injection PNBs. This field is still currently in development, and more researchers will need to be done to ensure the efficacy and safety of these novel formulations. These formulations could be the future of pain management if ongoing research continues to prove positive effects and low side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D. Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Amber N. Edinoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA
- Corresponding Author: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Justin Y. Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Aaron J. Kaye
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael A. Alvarado
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alex D. Pham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Azem A. Chami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Rutvij J. Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bruce M. Dixon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Amineh Shafeinia
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Akbar Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Charles Fox
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA
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Subarachnoid block and ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block for caesarean section: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 37:765-772. [PMID: 32412986 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After caesarean section, maternal postoperative comfort is critical to allow the new mother to care for her baby. Insufficient pain relief during the postoperative period may delay maternal/infant bonding and, in addition, such pain has been linked to subsequent depression and chronic pain. Caesarean section is commonly performed with a Pfannenstiel incision, and a transversalis fascia plane (TFP) block provides postoperative analgesia in the T12 and L1 dermatomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the TFP block on postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. DESIGN A randomised controlled, double-blind study. SETTINGS Single-centre, academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS Sixty patients undergoing caesarean section. INTERVENTIONS The TFP group (n = 30) received an ultrasound-guided bilateral TFP block with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. The control group (n = 30) received 20 ml of saline bilaterally. Postoperative analgesia was given every 6 h with intravenous paracetamol 1 g and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative visual analogue pain scores, morphine consumption, rescue analgesia and opioid-related side effects were evaluated. RESULTS In the TFP group, the visual analogue pain scores were significantly lower at rest for 2 h after the operation (P = 0.011) and during active movement at 2, 4 and 8 h postoperatively (P = 0.014, <0.001 and 0.032, respectively). Morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery was significantly higher in the control group compared with the TFP group (38.5 ± 11.63 and 19.5 ± 8.33 mg, respectively; P < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative nausea and constipation were statistically higher in the control group than in the TFP group (P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the TFP group (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION A postoperative TFP block can reduce opioid consumption and relieve acute pain after a caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04172727.
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Wen G, Feng W, Fu B. Clinical effect of ultrasound-guided inguinal ligament iliac fascia block anesthesia and its effect on postoperative analgesia and stress level. Minerva Med 2021; 113:591-592. [PMID: 33464226 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Feng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China -
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Abdelbaser I, Mageed NA, El-Emam ESM, ALseoudy MM, Elmorsy MM. Preemptive analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block in children undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Korean J Anesthesiol 2020; 74:325-332. [PMID: 33307633 PMCID: PMC8342840 DOI: 10.4097/kja.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical repair of congenital inguinal hernia results in significant postoperative discomfort and pain. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of a transversalis fascia plane (TFP) block after pediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy. Methods Forty-four patients aged 12 to 60 months who underwent unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy were enrolled. Four patients were excluded, and the remaining were allocated to the control group and the TFP block group. In the TFP block group, 0.4 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% was instilled in the plane between the transversus abdominis and transversalis fascia, while in the control group 0.9% saline was used instead of bupivacaine. The collected data were the total dose of paracetamol consumed during the first 12 h postoperatively, the postoperative Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) pain score, time to first use of rescue analgesia, number of patients required additional postoperative analgesics, and parents' satisfaction. Results The median paracetamol consumption was significantly lower in the TFP block group than in the control group, and FLACC pain scores were significantly lower for all study times in the TFP block group with higher parental satisfaction scores than those for the control group. The number of patients who required additional analgesics was significantly lower in the TFP block group than in the control group. Conclusions The use of a TFP block decreases postoperative analgesic consumption and postoperative pain intensity after pediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy. Future studies with larger sample size are required to evaluate the actual complications rate of TFP block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdelbaser
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nabil A Mageed
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M El-Emam
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M ALseoudy
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elmorsy
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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Uppal V, Retter S, Kehoe E, McKeen DM. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:1557-1575. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Li C, Niu X, Chen F, Li L, Li Q, Xing B, Cui Y, Fan Q, Liu Y, Jia J. Ultrasound guided transverse fascial plane block (TFPB) via the superior lumbar triangle: Description of a new modified technique. J Clin Anesth 2020; 62:109735. [PMID: 32014758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 South Yanan Road, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China.
| | - Xianglan Niu
- Department of basic medicine, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Fuqiang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 South Yanan Road, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Luoyun Li
- Department of Neurology, Changzhi Second People's Hospital, No.83 Heping West Street, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 South Yanan Road, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Baichun Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 South Yanan Road, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Yalan Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 South Yanan Road, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 South Yanan Road, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 South Yanan Road, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Jintai Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 South Yanan Road, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China.
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Ko YK. Can chronic postsurgical pain be prevented by using regional block? Korean J Anesthesiol 2019; 72:295-296. [PMID: 31366187 PMCID: PMC6676027 DOI: 10.4097/kja.19279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwon Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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