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Thada B, Khare A, Solanky L, Mathur V, Garg D, Kumar P. Clonidine versus dexmedetomidine as premedication to intrathecal 0.5% bupivacaine: A randomized, double-blind, prospective study. BALI JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/bjoa.bjoa_47_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Al Nobani MK, Ayasa MA, Tageldin TA, Alhammoud A, Lance MD. The Effect of Different Doses of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on the Properties of Subarachnoid Blockade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Local Reg Anesth 2020; 13:207-215. [PMID: 33376392 PMCID: PMC7755884 DOI: 10.2147/lra.s288726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine is a sedative and analgesic medication which has gained an increased usage as an adjuvant to both general and regional anaesthesia in recent years. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined the changes to the characteristics of subarachnoid block when accompanied with intravenous dexmedetomidine. Our aim is to evaluate the effects of different doses of intravenous dexmedetomidine on the sensory and motor blockade duration of a single shot spinal anaesthetic and the incidence of any associated side effects. Methods We searched published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from January 1992 to April 2019 that investigated the use of IV dexmedetomidine with spinal anaesthesia. After considering our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 15 RCTs with 985 patients. We analyzed the duration of sensory and motor blockade and the related adverse effects in relation to different doses of IV dexmedetomidine. Results Intravenous dexmedetomidine, with loading dose of 1 mcg/kg, prolonged the sensory blockade duration of spinal anaesthesia by a mean difference of 49.6 min, P<0.001, and motor blockade duration by a mean difference of 44.7 min, P<0.001, while a loading dose of 0.5 mcg/kg prolonged the sensory blockade by a mean difference of 43.06 min, P<0.001, and motor blockade duration by a mean difference of 29.09 min, P<0.001. Dexmedetomidine-related side effects were higher in patients receiving larger doses; the incidence of bradycardia was higher (OR=3.53, P<0.001) and incidence of hypotension showed a 1.29 fold increase when compared to the control group (P=0.065). Conclusion The administration of intravenous dexmedetomidine in conjunction with spinal anaesthesia can significantly prolong the duration of both sensory and motor blockade. The use of larger loading doses of dexmedetomidine was associated with a larger side-effect profile with minimal beneficial changes when compared to lower loading doses.
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Wu SX, Chen HQ. A prospective, randomised double-blind study on the anaesthetic effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in brainstem tumour surgery. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:118. [PMID: 31288822 PMCID: PMC6617946 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Brainstem tumour surgery is difficult, and accidents can easily occur. Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on brainstem tumour surgery. Design, setting and participants A total of 60 patients with brainstem tumours successfully operated on by our hospital from March 2016 to March 2018 were selected as subjects. Interventions These patients were randomised into two groups: the research group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). Patients in the control group were given propofol together with a placebo (0.9% sodium chloride solution) to maintain anaesthesia after general anaesthesia, while patients in the research group were supplemented with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride. Main outcome measure Awakening time, overall stability of various indicators in the operation and adverse reactions during the awakening period were observed. Results The results revealed that patients in the research group had a longer awakening time, higher mean stability rate, higher effective rate and less incidence of adverse reactions during the awakening period than the control group; the differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride has a good analgesic effect in intraoperative anaesthesia during brainstem tumour surgery, which significantly reduces the incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore, it can be used to assist anaesthesia during brainstem tumour operations and is worthy of clinical popularisation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of LanZhou City, No.1 of Wujiayuan Street, Qilihe District, LanZhou, 730050, China
| | - Hua-Qin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of LanZhou City, No.1 of Wujiayuan Street, Qilihe District, LanZhou, 730050, China.
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Lilius TO, Blomqvist K, Hauglund NL, Liu G, Stæger FF, Bærentzen S, Du T, Ahlström F, Backman JT, Kalso EA, Rauhala PV, Nedergaard M. Dexmedetomidine enhances glymphatic brain delivery of intrathecally administered drugs. J Control Release 2019; 304:29-38. [PMID: 31067483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system remains a major problem due to biological barriers. The blood-brain-barrier can be bypassed by administering drugs intrathecally directly to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The glymphatic system, a network of perivascular spaces promoting fluid exchange between CSF and interstitial space, could be utilized to enhance convective drug delivery from the CSF to the parenchyma. Glymphatic flow is highest during sleep and anesthesia regimens that induce a slow-wave sleep-like state. Here, using mass spectrometry and fluorescent imaging techniques, we show that the clinically used α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine that enhances EEG slow-wave activity, increases brain and spinal cord drug exposure of intrathecally administered drugs in mice and rats. Using oxycodone, naloxone, and an IgG-sized antibody as relevant model drugs we demonstrate that modulation of glymphatic flow has a distinct impact on the distribution of intrathecally administered therapeutics. These findings can be exploited in the clinic to improve the efficacy and safety of intrathecally administered therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas O Lilius
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kim Blomqvist
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalie L Hauglund
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guojun Liu
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Frederik Filip Stæger
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Bærentzen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ting Du
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fredrik Ahlström
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija A Kalso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka V Rauhala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Nasreen F, Khalid A, Rashid H. Comparison of 0.125% levobupivacaine with dexmedetomidine and 0.25% levobupivacaine in ultrasonography-guided pediatric caudal block: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpn.ijpn_38_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Lin H, Yi WB. Evaluation of the effects of ketamine on spinal anesthesia with levobupivacaine or ropivacaine. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2290-2296. [PMID: 27698726 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal anesthesia or regional anesthesia is a potent anesthetic procedure. Additional modalities have been sought to increase the duration of block in spinal anesthesia. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker that has an anesthetic effect when injected intrathecally and has a synergic effect with bupivacaine. Ketamine also has potent analgesic properties. The present study investigated the effect of intrathecally administered ketamine on spinal anesthesia with levobupivacaine or ropivacaine. Sprague-Dawley rats at post-natal day 21 were exposed to spinal anesthesia with 0.5% levobupivacaine or 0.5% ropivacaine. Separate groups of rats were treated with intrathecal ketamine at a 5 or 10 mg/kg bodyweight dose along with ropivacaine or levobupivacaine. The thermal and mechanical withdrawal latencies of the animals were determined using hot plate and von Frey filaments, respectively. A rotarod apparatus was employed to assess the capacity of the rats to rotate the spindle at 24 h following anesthesia. The gait of the rat pups was also assessed. Intrathecal administration of ketamine resulted in dense blocks and extended the duration of spinal blocks as evidenced by thermal latencies and responses to von Frey filaments. The latency to fall was shorter in rats exposed to ketamine along with ropivacaine or levobupivacaine spinal anesthesia. The gait parameters were also more disturbed upon ketamine administration. In conclusion, ketamine administration with ropivacaine or levobupivacaine increased the intensity and duration of spinal blockade, thereby increasing the anesthetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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