Assessment of acute aerobic exercise in the morning versus evening on asprosin, spexin, lipocalin-2, and insulin level in overweight/obese versus normal weight adult men

The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of aerobic exercise when performed in the morning and evening on obesity-related hormones of asprosin, spexin, lipocalin-2, and insulin in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OO) adults. A total of 20 adult male individuals (10 NW and 10 OW/OO) volunteered their participation. Both groups were subjected to an aerobic exercise protocol in moderate intensity (heart rate reserve of 55-59%) for 30 min at two different time periods of the day (morning: 08:00-10:00 h, evening: 20.00-22.00 h) at least 3 d apart. BeBis analysis revealed the OW/OO group consumed significantly less energy (1781.59 ± 410.71 kcal) as compared with NW group (2380.28 ± 445.50 kcal) before the evening exercise (about 3 d) (p <.05). As compared with the NW group, basal serum asprosin, insulin, and lipocalin-2 hormone levels were higher in the OW/OO group, and serum spexin level was lower in OW/OO group (p <.05). Body temperature significantly increased after morning and evening aerobic exercise in both groups. The increase in body temperature was significantly higher after the evening exercise in the OW/OO group compared to the NW group (p <.05). Significant decrease in serum asprosin lipocalin-2, and insulin levels was observed in both groups after exercise (p <.05). Evening aerobic exercise more greatly decreased serum asprosin, lipocalin-2, and insulin level in the OW/OO group as compared with the NW group (p <.05). In conclusion, it is thought that negative energy balance caused by psychological energy restriction and evening aerobic exercise, which leads to a further increase in body temperature, triggers greater decrease of orexigenic signals (suppression of appetite), and is more effective in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity, especially in OW/OO group.

Effect of Training with or without Ziziphus Jujuba Extract on Cardiokines in Heart Tissue of Myocardial Infarcted Rats

BACKGROUND

Today, the importance of physical activity as a preventative way for cardiovascular disease has attracted much attention.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of interval training with or without extract of Ziziphus jujuba on lipocalcin-2 (LCN2) and adiponectin levels in heart tissue in male Wistar rats with myocardial infarction.

METHODS

Thirty male Wistar rats (mean weight, 180-220 g and age, 2-3 months) were divided into five groups, including (1) Healthy control; (2) Isoprenaline-treated group (ISO); (3) ISO + jujube extracts (JE); (4) Trained ISO rats; and (5) Trained ISO rats + JE. Exercise was performed (5 days/week, for 6 week including 54-min cycles with speed of 23 m/min and 54-min cycles with speed of 15 m/min). After 48 h of the last training session, the rats were sacrificed, and their heart tissue was excised. The significant level of statistical data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.

RESULTS

LCN2 levels significantly decreased in trained ISO rats + JE group after 6 weeks of interval training with JE consumption, compared to ISO group. However, the consumption of jujuba extracts with and without interval training did not show any significant changes in adiponectin levels of rat's heart tissue, compared to ISO (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Because the LCN2 inflammatory factor decreased after 6 weeks of exercise and consumption of the extract, it seems that performing interval training with JE consumption can be an effective method in the cardiac rehabilitation phase after a heart attack.