Association of body dysmorphic disorder with anxiety, depression, and stress among university students.
J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021;
16:689-694. [PMID:
34690648 PMCID:
PMC8498710 DOI:
10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.05.008]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and identify its association with depression, anxiety, and stress.
Method
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Jeddah, KSA. In 2019, a validated questionnaire with items on sociodemographic characteristics and body dysmorphic disorder, as well as the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 items (DASS 21) was distributed to 1,112 students of King Abdulaziz University. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis, which included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models. The association was presented as an odds ratio (OR) along with its 95% confidence Interval (CI).
Results
The overall prevalence of BDD was 13.9% (95% CI of 11.8–16.2.) with the highest reported sites being the skin (81.6%) and waist (68.8%). BDD was found to be a significant predictor of depression with an OR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.9–6.1), anxiety OR of 2.2 (95%1.6–3.2), and stress OR of 3.2 (2.2–4.7). Females were significantly associated with anxiety, OR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.9) and stress, OR of 1.5 (1.1–2). Affiliation to the administration, arts, humanities, and social colleges was also a significant predictor of anxiety as reflected by an OR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8).
Conclusions
Our study shows that BDD is relatively common among university students in Jeddah and associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.
BDD is common among university students.
Skin and Waist circumference were the most reported sites among students.
BDD is a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress affecting both male and female university student.
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