Association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with psoriasis in cases from the nile delta of egypt

Tumor necrosis factor-α gene promoter -308 and -238 polymorphisms and its serum level in psoriasis

BACKGROUND

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disease affecting genetically predisposed individuals and requiring long-term treatment. The etiology of psoriasis is not fully understood. This article aimed to determine association between genetic polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF -α) promoter -308 (rs1800629) and -238 (rs 361,525) and its serum level in psoriasis patients.

METHODS

The study was conducted on 70 patients with psoriasis and 70 age and sex-matched, healthy individuals. All patients were subjected to history taking and complete medical examination. The polymorphisms of TNF -α promoter gene -308 (rs1800629) and -238 (rs 361,525) were detected by real time PCR and Serum levels of TNF -α were measured by ELISA technique.

RESULTS

AG polymorphism and A allele of TNF-α -238 G/A (rs 361,525) were significantly more in patients than controls, whereas AG polymorphism and A allele of TNF-α -308 G/A (rs1800629) were significantly more in controls than patients. There were significant high levels of TNF-α in serum of patients in comparison to controls.

CONCLUSIONS

The AG polymorphism and A allele of TNF-α -238G/A (rs 361,525) may act as a risk factor for occurrence of psoriasis, whereas AG polymorphism and A allele of TNF-α -308G/A (rs1800629) may have protective role. There is pivotal role of TNF-α as a pro-inflammatory mediator in pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Transforming growth factor-β1 gene polymorphism in psoriasis vulgaris

Background

Increased transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the epidermis and serum has been found in psoriatic patients. The mechanism for this increase remains unclear.

Objective

To study the TGF-β1 gene polymorphism at codon 10 and its relation to psoriasis susceptibility in a sample of Egyptian patients.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study involved 70 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 100 age- and sex- comparable healthy volunteers as a control group. Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood lymphocytes from all subjects using QIAamp DNA mini kit (QIAGEN Inc., Germany). The TGF-β1 polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-based restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Amplification of codon 10, located in exon 1 of TGFβ1 gene was done through PCR reaction using gene-specific primers.

Results

Statistically significant difference was found between psoriasis patient and controls as regards TGF-β1 (T869C) polymorphism (P=0.045). The presence of TT genotype was associated with a 3-fold risk of psoriasis compared to CC genotype (P=0.016, OR: 3.13 95% CI: 1.24–7.88). T allele was significantly more frequent in psoriasis patients (P=0.017). TGF-β1 gene mutation was significantly higher among psoriasis patients with positive family history (P=0.007).

Conclusion

TGF-β1 gene polymorphism at codon 10 (T869C) is significantly associated with susceptibility to psoriasis in Egyptian patients. This polymorphism is more common in patients with a positive family history of psoriasis.

Inflammatory breast cancer: High incidence of GCC haplotypes (−1082A/G, −819T/C, and −592A/C) in the interleukin-10 gene promoter correlates with over-expression of interleukin-10 in patients’ carcinoma tissues

Interleukin-10 is involved in carcinogenesis by supporting tumor escape from the immune response. The aim of this study was to assess the single nucleotide polymorphisms, −1082A/G, −819T/C and −592A/C, in interleukin-10 gene promoter in inflammatory breast cancer compared to non–inflammatory breast cancer and association of these polymorphisms with interleukin-10 gene expression. We enrolled 105 breast cancer tissue (72 non–inflammatory breast cancer and 33 inflammatory breast cancer) patients and we determined the three studied single nucleotide polymorphisms in all samples by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and investigated their association with the disease and with various prognostic factors. In addition, we assessed the expression of interleukin-10 gene by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the correlation between studied single nucleotide polymorphisms and interleukin-10 messenger RNA expression. We found co-dominant effect as the best inheritance model (in the three studied single nucleotide polymorphisms in non–inflammatory breast cancer and inflammatory breast cancer samples), and we didn’t identify any association between single nucleotide polymorphisms genotypes and breast cancer prognostic factors. However, GCC haplotype was found highly associated with inflammatory breast cancer risk (p < 0.001, odds ratio = 43.05). Moreover, the expression of interleukin-10 messenger RNA was significantly higher (p < 0.001) by 5.28-fold and 8.95-fold than non–inflammatory breast cancer and healthy control, respectively, where GCC haplotype significantly increased interleukin-10 gene expression (r = 0.9, p < 0.001).

Interleukin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their Relation with NFκB Expression and Histopathological Features in Psoriasis

Background:

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins. Various genetic polymorphisms including IL-1 are implicated in pathogenesis of psoriasis. The exact role of IL-1 gene polymorphisms and their interaction with NFκB is not yet determined. We aimed to study various genetic polymorphisms of IL-1 in psoriasis and their influence on NFκB and histopathological features.

Materials and Methods:

112 newly diagnosed cases of psoriasis vulgaris were included in this prospective study. Histology was done on sections and genotyping was done for the IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) genetic polymorphisms. In addition, NFκB immunostaining was performed on 89 sections and the intensity of staining was evaluated in the epidermis, basal cells, and the lymphocytes.

Results:

A strong association of IL-1β 511 C/T polymorphism was found with both genotypes and alleles in psoriasis. A strong correlation was also detected between the IL-1β genotype and the grade of NFκB immunostaining in the epidermis (P = 0.012). The grade of NFκB lymphocyte staining showed a strong correlation with the IL-1RA genotype (P = 0.025) but not with the IL-1β genotype (P = 0.226). The genetic polymorphisms did not show any correlation with the histological features.

Conclusions:

IL-1 genetic polymorphisms may not play a very direct role in pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, their interaction with NFκB appears to be a significant factor in this direction as NFκB is activated by pro-inflammatory genetic polymorphisms and therefore may influence the severity of psoriasis.

Polymorphisms in the TNF-α and IL-10 gene promoters and risk of psoriasis and correlation with disease severity

Several cytokines were assumed to play an essential role in the induction and the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of TNF-α-308 and IL-10-1082 polymorphisms and their serum levels in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and determine their relation to disease severity. 110 Psoriasis patients and 120 healthy volunteers were genotyped for TNF-α-308 and IL-10-1082 polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction. Serum level of TNF-α and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Our study demonstrated an association of IL-10-1082 polymorphism and psoriasis and between TNF α-308 polymorphism and psoriasis disease and severity. Serum TNF α increased in patients, while serum IL-10 decreased in patients with significant correlation between serum TNF-α and psoriasis severity. These results indicated that TNF-α-308 and IL-10-1082 polymorphisms imparted significant risk towards the development of psoriasis.