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Akanni OO, Eboreime-Oikeh IO, Oyeyemi OK, Olashore AA. Impact of Psychiatry Posting on Attitudes Toward Mental Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study of Medical Students From Three Universities. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2024; 11:23821205241275420. [PMID: 39161642 PMCID: PMC11331473 DOI: 10.1177/23821205241275420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Negative attitudes towards mental illness are known to exist among medical students in Nigeria. However, the effect of undergoing a rotation in psychiatry on their attitudes is uncertain. OBJECTIVES It aimed to determine the effect of psychiatry posting during medical training on medical students' attitudes toward mental illness and examine the association of posting-related and demographic factors with their attitudes. METHODS It is a prospective cohort study in which 187 medical students from three different universities were followed up during their psychiatry postings in two different posting sites. Questionnaires containing basic demography, posting-related variables, and the Community Attitude to Mental Illness (CAMI) scale were administered to all available students before and after the rotation in psychiatry. A paired t-test was applied to test the differences in the CAMI scores before and after posting, while ANOVA and hierarchical regression were utilized to determine the association of variables with the CAMI scores. RESULTS There were significant differences between the pre-and post-rotation CAMI scores in CAMI's social restrictiveness (SR) and community mental health ideology (CMHI) domains, indicating improved attitudes. Demographic factors had no significant influence on the students' attitudes, but the length of posting, university of the students, and posting sites had varying impacts. CONCLUSION Psychiatry rotation has a positive impact on students' attitudes toward mental illness in both posting sites, particularly in the domains of SR and CMHI. This underscores the importance of psychiatry training in medical education in changing the attitudes of future healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyemi O Akanni
- Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Oderinde K Oyeyemi
- Department of Mental Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Anthony A Olashore
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Rees A, Cuthbert C, Shah V, Rong L, Peh D, Baptista A, Smith S. Medical student perceptions of mental illness: a cross-sectional transnational study in two medical schools. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:981. [PMID: 38124141 PMCID: PMC10731839 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite shifting global attitudes, mental illness remains highly stigmatised amongst practicing doctors. This has wider implications on doctors' training to care for patients with mental illness. There is need for exploration of the presence and mitigation of stigma in early medical education to prevent such attitudes propagating into clinical practice. Thus, this study explores whether stigmatising attitudes are detectable amongst medical students in London and Singapore and examines whether they are ameliorated by specific curricular and welfare features of formal medical education, utilising the Mental Illness Stigma Framework (MISF). METHODS A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Medical students at Imperial College London (UK; n = 211) and Nanyang Technological University (Singapore; n = 141) completed a validated scale (the OMS-HC-15) to assess attitudes towards mental illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted (Imperial: n = 12, NTU: n = 8) until theoretical saturation was reached. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and comparatively using SPSS and interview data subjected to inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Total OMS-HC-15 scores ranged from 19-51 for Imperial (n = 211) and 16-53 for NTU (n = 141). No significant differences in overall stigma scores were found between the two schools (p = 0.24), nor when comparing year groups within each school. Four themes were identified across interview data: student perceptions, impacts of medical school culture, university support, and curricular impacts on mental illness perceptions. Themes allowed identification of aspects of medical school that were well-received and warranted further emphasis by students, alongside areas for improvement. CONCLUSION Mental health stigma was identified in two medical schools, with differing cultures. Mean stigma scores obtained were comparable between both UK and Singaporean medical students. Nuanced differences were identified via subgroup analysis, and the MISF identified both shared and country-specific drivers for this stigma across the qualitative data. Actionable recommendations to mitigate this were hypothesised. Curricular improvements such as earlier psychiatric teaching and sharing of personal stories may improve future stigma scores as students' progress through the course. Specific welfare-based changes to formal support systems were also deemed to be beneficial by students. The impacts of welfare and curricular redesign in relation to societal influence on students' attitudes warrants further investigation, as does medical students' self-stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Rees
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Viraj Shah
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lim Rong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Peh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ana Baptista
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Education Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Smith
- Medical Education Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Lewis BE, Naik AR. A scoping review to identify and organize literature trends of bias research within medical student and resident education. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:919. [PMID: 38053172 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician bias refers to the unconscious negative perceptions that physicians have of patients or their conditions. Medical schools and residency programs often incorporate training to reduce biases among their trainees. In order to assess trends and organize available literature, we conducted a scoping review with a goal to categorize different biases that are studied within medical student (MS), resident (Res) and mixed populations (MS and Res). We also characterized these studies based on their research goal as either documenting evidence of bias (EOB), bias intervention (BI) or both. These findings will provide data which can be used to identify gaps and inform future work across these criteria. METHODS Online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, WebofScience) were searched for articles published between 1980 and 2021. All references were imported into Covidence for independent screening against inclusion criteria. Conflicts were resolved by deliberation. Studies were sorted by goal: 'evidence of bias' and/or 'bias intervention', and by population (MS or Res or mixed) andinto descriptive categories of bias. RESULTS Of the initial 806 unique papers identified, a total of 139 articles fit the inclusion criteria for data extraction. The included studies were sorted into 11 categories of bias and showed that bias against race/ethnicity, specific diseases/conditions, and weight were the most researched topics. Of the studies included, there was a higher ratio of EOB:BI studies at the MS level. While at the Res level, a lower ratio of EOB:BI was found. CONCLUSIONS This study will be of interest to institutions, program directors and medical educators who wish to specifically address a category of bias and identify where there is a dearth of research. This study also underscores the need to introduce bias interventions at the MS level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne E Lewis
- Department of Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Akshata R Naik
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Dr, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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Al Omari O, Valsaraj BP, Khatatbeh M, Al-Jubouri MB, Emam M, Al Hashmi I, Al Qadire M, Aljezawi M, ALBashtawy M, Alkhawaldeh A, Hasona AA, Tarhini Z, Damra J, Al Sabei S, Mohamed N. Self and public stigma towards mental illnesses and its predictors among university students in 11 Arabic-speaking countries: A multi-site study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:1745-1755. [PMID: 37614016 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore self and public stigma towards mental illness and associated factors among university students from 11 Arabic-speaking countries. This cross-sectional study included 4241 university students recruited from Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Syria, Sudan, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt. The participants completed three self-administrative online questionnaires-Demographic Proforma (age, gender, family income, etc.), Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale and Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the average mean between the 11 countries (p < 0.01) based on stigma agreement (self) and stigma awareness (public). The mean stigma agreement towards mental illnesses among university students was 19.7 (SD = 6.0), with the lowest in Lebanon, 15.9 (SD = 5.1) and the highest in UAE, 24.1 (SD = 5.6). The factors associated with stigma agreement included poor knowledge, being male, high family income, age, weak cumulative grade point average (cGPA), mothers with primary education, an unemployed parent, students in scientific colleges and fathers who completed secondary or university degrees. Furthermore, the factors associated with stigma awareness included good knowledge, acceptable cGPA and having a father who has a low income and is illiterate. Stigma towards mental illness varies among university students across Arabic-speaking countries. There is a need to sensitize youngsters to the need for a humanitarian approach in society to individuals affected by mental health concerns. Major governmental reforms must be initiated for the provision of mental health services for individuals with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Omari
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Moawiah Khatatbeh
- School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammad Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Mahmoud Emam
- Psychology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Iman Al Hashmi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammad Al Qadire
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Maen Aljezawi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Zeinab Tarhini
- CAPTuR Laboratory, Control of Cell Activation in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance, Limoges, France
- Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Jalal Damra
- Educational Psychology and Counseling Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sulaiman Al Sabei
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nora Mohamed
- Department of Educational Psychology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Kihumuro RB, Kaggwa MM, Kintu TM, Nakandi RM, Muwanga DR, Muganzi DJ, Atwau P, Ayesiga I, Najjuma JN, Ashaba S. Knowledge, attitude and perceptions of medical students towards mental health in a university in Uganda. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:730. [PMID: 36266646 PMCID: PMC9584261 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mental illness among medical students is high. A gap remains on what knowledge should be given to improve the attitudes and perceptions towards mental health. Despite the vast body of literature globally, no study has been conducted in Uganda to assess the levels of knowledge, attitude, and perception among medical students in Uganda. OBJECTIVE To determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and perception and their associated factors among medical students in Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done among 259 undergraduate medical students in a public university capturing information on knowledge, attitude, and perception towards mental health. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and perception. RESULTS About 77.72% had high knowledge, 49.29% had positive attitudes, and 46.92% had good perceptions of mental health. There was a significant positive relationship between attitude and perceptions towards mental illness. At multilevel analysis, being in year 4 increased the level of knowledge (β = 1.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.46-2.54], p = 0.005) while a positive history of mental illness worsened perceptions towards mental illness (β = -4.23 [95% CI = -7.44-1.03], p = 0.010). CONCLUSION Medical students have a high level of knowledge about mental illness but the majority had poor attitudes and perceptions of mental illness. Exposure to psychiatry knowledge about mental illness in year four increased students' knowledge while prior experience with mental illness conditions was associated with poorer perceptions. The information present in this study can be used by policymakers and future researchers to design future studies and interventions to improve knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes especially among students who have a history of mental illness. Improvements in knowledge, attitude, and perception may improve the mental health services for the future patients of these medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Mwanje Kintu
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | | | - David Jolly Muganzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Pius Atwau
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Innocent Ayesiga
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Scholastic Ashaba
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Mental health knowledge and awareness among university students in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11084. [PMID: 36303905 PMCID: PMC9593207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative attitudes toward mental illness and treatment are attributed to a lack of or inaccurate mental health knowledge. We aimed to assess the current mental health knowledge and awareness among Bangladeshi university students and identified socio-demographic factors that affect them. Between February and April of 2021, a cross-sectional study of 2036 university students in Bangladesh was conducted. Two different questionnaires (i.e., knowledge and awareness) were developed to assess mental health knowledge and awareness. The two outcome variables in this study were mental health knowledge level and awareness level. The cut-off value was taken as 80% of the total scores of both the knowledge and awareness scales and divided into higher and lower groups. Data were analyzed using different descriptive statistical tools and binary logistic regression model. We found more than half (62.1%) of the students had higher knowledge, and 85.1% of the students had a higher awareness of mental health problems. Female students (OR 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15–1.72) and students managing their expenses by personal income and family support were significantly positively associated with the high knowledge of the mental health (OR 1.79, 95% CI: 1.40–2.29). Similarly, age (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01–2.14) was significantly associated with high awareness. Good mental health was significantly negatively associated with the high knowledge (OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.6–0.87) and positively associated with the high awareness (OR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15–1.91). Although mental health awareness is high among Bangladeshi university students, knowledge of mental health is insufficient. As a result, it is essential to comprehend the gaps in knowledge and awareness of mental health disorders, as well as how they are addressed.
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Kaligis F, Hillary R, Kusuma NMP, Sianipar HRP, Ramadhanti CS, Findyartini A, Indraswari MT, Magdalena CC, Nurraga GW. Medical students’ attitudes toward psychiatry in Indonesia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265605. [PMID: 35324955 PMCID: PMC8947139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly two-thirds of psychiatric patients are reluctant to seek help from healthcare professionals due to stigma, discrimination, and negligence that evolve around the community, including healthcare providers. Future health professionals should have a positive attitude toward psychiatry and patients with mental health problems. Thus, it is vital to identify medical students’ attitudes toward psychiatry as future healthcare providers. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study by using online questionnaires of “Perceptions of Psychiatry” in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, with first- and fourth-year students (before psychiatric rotation), as well as fifth-year students and alumni (after psychiatric rotation). Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 224 subjects responded, with a response rate 89.6%. Chi-square or fisher analysis was conducted to know the correlation between gender and attitudes towards psychiatry. The frequency distribution method was applied to identify the degree of stigmatization from respondents. A mix of positive and negative perceptions towards psychiatry was identified. The overall response was favorable to both before and after psychiatric rotation groups. Differences in perceptions between male and female psychiatry students as a discipline and career were statistically significant. Correcting misapprehension and removing the stigma on psychiatry during medical education might decrease the stigma in the psychiatric field and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransiska Kaligis
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Department of Psychiatry, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ribka Hillary
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Ardi Findyartini
- Medical Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Garda Widhi Nurraga
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Department of Psychiatry, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Lakshmana G, Sangeetha V, Pandey V. Community perception of accessibility and barriers to utilizing mental health services. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:56. [PMID: 35372598 PMCID: PMC8974990 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_342_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Government of India and State Government authorities are trying their best to provide adequate mental health services through various mental health policies and programs. To reduce the burden in psychiatric hospitals, Government has decentralized mental health services. Although Government has provided mental health services, the utilization has always been low due to many reasons. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the accessibility and the barriers to utilizing mental health services with various community stakeholders. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a qualitative study wherein data was collected from youth, women, geriatric groups, community key leaders, and Anganwadi workers. The primary data were collected through focused group discussions and interview methods. The collected data were analyzed using thematic coding. RESULTS A total of twenty-five factors have been identified in the study, which were categorized under eight themes. (a) Lack of awareness and misinformation on mental health, illness, and available services, (b) Perceived causes for mental illness, (c) Reasons for not approaching health professionals, (d) Treatment adherence-related issues, (e) No multidisciplinary team in private hospitals and lack of involvement in government sector (f) Manpower issues, (g) Quality of service issues and building confidence among community people, and (h) Belief system and stigma. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate mental health services, lack of awareness of mental health, and illness are still persist. The District Mental Health Program and other service providers need to reach communities, especially in remote areas. Periodical evaluation should be carried out to improve the utilization of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindappa Lakshmana
- Department of Social Work, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vijyendra Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
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Misra S, Patel M. Capacity building of “Accredited social health activist” under rural health training center regarding mental health: An interventional study. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:240-243. [PMID: 36034235 PMCID: PMC9400340 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_726_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental health is one of the critical health requirements that society needs to address in the present century. Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) can play an important role in identifying mental health problems at the earliest and help in improving community health status. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health education program on knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of ASHAs. Materials and Methods: An intervention study was conducted to empower ASHAs for providing mental health services at a district located in Western India during 2016 and 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess KAP regarding mental health in intervention and control groups before and post intervention. An educational program was imparted in two batches. Hybrid methods for imparting teaching/training were utilized. “Paired t-test” was applied to compare pre- and post-results in intervention group and “unpaired t-test” for baseline comparison. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in KAP of ASHAs after intervention. Majority of ASHAs referred cases of mental health problems to government tertiary care hospitals. Conclusions: The study indicates that it is possible to empower ASHAs with a short course related to mental health to achieve effective outcomes in terms of improved knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
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Praharaj SK, Salagre S, Sharma PSVN. Stigma, Empathy, and Attitude (SEA) educational module for medical students to improve the knowledge and attitude towards persons with mental illness. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 65:102834. [PMID: 34508946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop an educational module on stigma, empathy, and attitude towards mental illness and evaluate its effectiveness among undergraduate medical students. METHODS In phase I, the authors developed the Stigma, Empathy, and Attitude (SEA) module consisting of interactive teaching-learning components through an experts-based consensus (two rounds of Delphi). In phase II, the effectiveness of the module was evaluated. SEA module (one-hour interactive lecture and three hours' small group teaching) was delivered to the fifth-semester undergraduate medical students (N = 240) once during their psychiatry rotation. Students were assessed with the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MHKS), Mental Illness: Clinician's Attitudes (MICA) scale, Jefferson Scale for Empathy (JSE), and Social Distance scale (SDS), to measure mental health knowledge, attitude, empathy, and stigma, at baseline and after delivery of the module. Feedback on the module was obtained from the participating students and faculty. RESULTS Baseline data was obtained for 157 students, and post-intervention assessment was completed for 66 students. There was a significant increase in MHKS score (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.59) and a significant reduction in the MICA score (p = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.31) after the intervention. However, there was no change in empathy and social distance, as measured by JSE (p = 0.23) and SDS (p = 0.31). A majority of the faculty and students were satisfied with the module and felt it should be part of the psychiatry curriculum. CONCLUSIONS The SEA module was found to improve medical students' knowledge and attitude towards mental illness and could be integrated as part of the psychiatry curriculum. However, it was ineffective in changing empathy and stigma in the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Santosh Salagre
- Department of Medicine, Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Podila S V N Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Minty Y, Moosa MY, Jeenah FY. Mental illness attitudes and knowledge in non-specialist medical doctors working in state and private sectors. S Afr J Psychiatr 2021; 27:1592. [PMID: 34192080 PMCID: PMC8182464 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of South Africans utilise primary healthcare services (either in the state or private sector) for mental health concerns; hence, there is a need to objectively assess these doctors' attitudes and knowledge of mental illness. AIM To investigate aspects of knowledge and attitudes towards mental illness of a group of private and state-employed non-specialist medical doctors. METHOD Doctors in the state sector who were working at a primary healthcare level and who were not working towards, or did not hold, a specialist qualification were considered eligible for the study. Doctors in the private sector who were working as general practitioners and who did not hold a specialist qualification were considered eligible for the study. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. A link to the study questionnaire, information about the study, details of the researcher and matters pertaining to informed consent were emailed to potential participants. RESULTS Of the 140 practitioners who responded to the survey, 51.4% (n = 72) worked in the state sector, 41.4% (n = 58) worked in the private sector and 7.1% (n = 10) worked in both the state and private sectors (χ2 1 = 45.31, p < 0.010). The majority (> 50%) of participants in all three groups had a positive attitude towards mental illness (χ2 2 = 1.52, p = 0.468). Although there were no significant associations between attitude and socio-demographic characteristics (p > 0.05), male SS doctors reported feeling less comfortable when dealing with mentally ill patients (p = 0.015); SS doctors who did not have family contact with mental illness were less likely to feel that mentally ill patients did not pose a risk to others (p = 0.007), and PS doctors under the age of 35 years were more likely to feel adequately trained to treat mental illness (p = 0.026). The majority (> 50%) of participants in all three groups had an adequate level of knowledge of mental illness (modal scores = 10). There were no significant associations between knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite the findings of a positive attitude and adequate knowledge of mental illness amongst the participants of this study, it is recommended that more targeted interventions are established to further improve mental health awareness and knowledge of doctors at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumna Minty
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mahomed Y.H. Moosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fatima Y. Jeenah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Parentela GM. Mental health research studies in Saudi Arabia for the years 2009-2019; a systematic scoping review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:232-241. [PMID: 33781406 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An updated systematic scoping review and narrative analysis of all possible mental health studies done during the concerned immediate years clarifies its present condition and status for all professionals, and concerned researchers. AIMS To synthesize published mental health research studies in and for Saudi Arabia for the years 2009-2019 with the confidence to evaluate current situation, identify research gaps and limitations (if any), and assist in conceptualizing the forthcoming directions of future mental health research activities. METHODS Scoping systematic review and modified narrative analysis were the methods utilized to achieve the aim and objective set for this formal academic endeavor. RESULTS Of the 1006 published studies identified from chosen databases, a total of 241 papers were included and had passed the stringent criteria set for the scoping review process. Basic characteristics of the reviewed studies were quantitative survey type with about 101-500 size range of respondents, utilizing non-patients and adults for participants which were common and randomly chosen from selected population, and most research activities were self-funded. Four major research themes were found including a list of research limitations. CONCLUSIONS This systematic scoping review identified a wide range of results characterizing the different studies that qualified using pre-determined inclusion-exclusion criteria. Though of increasing publication volume in the past decade, most researches done were quantitative survey type whose themes seemed to show no drastic difference or change from the previous years of output. More variety in research themes would further improve the over-all quality of mental health publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil M Parentela
- King Saud University-College of Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Sideli L, Ferraro L, Cascia CL. Opinions about people with schizophrenia among medical students: Findings from an Italian cross-sectional study. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:204-206. [PMID: 34194071 PMCID: PMC8214115 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_197_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sideli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. E-mail:
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Puspitasari IM, Garnisa IT, Sinuraya RK, Witriani W. Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitude Toward Mental Health Disorders and Their Treatment Among Students in an Indonesian University. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:845-854. [PMID: 33149708 PMCID: PMC7602896 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s274337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify perception, knowledge, and attitudes toward mental health disorders and their treatment among students in a university in West Java, Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study which measures perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes of 427 university students using convenience sampling through a 53-item self-administered questionnaire was conducted in January 2020. Either a chi-square test or the Kruskal–Wallis test was employed to analyze the association between student characteristics and variables. Furthermore, Spearman rank correlation coefficient was utilized to evaluate the relationship between variables. Results A total of 51.29% students had negative perceptions, 50.23% had good knowledge, and 52.46% had positive attitudes toward mental disorders and their treatment. The differences in the experience of visiting a psychologist or psychiatrist were associated with perceptions (P<0.01), knowledge (P<0.01), and attitudes (P<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between perception and attitude (r=0.56; P<0.01) and between knowledge and attitude (r=0.24; P<0.01). The students obtained most information about mental health from social media (92.74%). Conclusion Students demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitude toward mental health disorders. However, some continue to hold negative perceptions regarding approaching someone with a mental disorder, encouraging doubt and fear. Health promotion about mental health disorders and their treatment must be conducted to increase positive perceptions, good knowledge, and positive attitudes of the students. Social media tools can be considered to enhance mental health promotion and prevention of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma M Puspitasari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ingka Tisya Garnisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rano K Sinuraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Witriani Witriani
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Wan WH, Lam AHY. The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Simulation in Health Professions Education Relating to Mental Illness: A Literature Review. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.116054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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An Audit of Alcohol Detoxification in a Consultation-Liaison Setting. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent and remains a huge burden on the society. In spite of that persons with mental illness are marginalized and mental health is largely being neglected. There is an acute shortage of mental health professionals in India, and also there is inadequate exposure to psychiatry during the medical undergraduate training in India. Moreover, the perception towards psychiatry and psychiatrists is not favorable among medical fraternity and policy makers. This is reflected in the fact that in spite of clearly deficient undergraduate psychiatry curriculum, no steps have been taken towards improving it and recommendations are not being implemented in true spirit. This review tries to identify the gaps in undergraduate curriculum, present a SWOT analysis of current situation and recommend the possible ways to address the deficiencies particularly in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.
| | | | - Sujata Sethi
- Department of Psychiatry, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.
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Pascucci M, Ventriglio A, Stella E, Di Sabatino D, La Montagna M, Nicastro R, Parente P, De Angelis A, Pozzi G, Janiri L, Bellomo A. Empathy and attitudes towards mental illness among Italian medical students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2016.1276947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pascucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Dario Di Sabatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maddalena La Montagna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rossana Nicastro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Parente
- Department of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea De Angelis
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gino Pozzi
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Attitude towards psychiatrists: A comparison between two metropolitan cities in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 22:140-4. [PMID: 27520916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few patients in need of mental health care have access to psychiatric care in low and middle income countries. Public attitudes towards psychiatrists have not been adequately studied in most developing countries and especially in India, where on average one trained psychiatrist is available for 300,000 people. The aim of our study was to explore attitudes towards psychiatrists in the general population in two Indian metropolitan cities (Chennai and Kolkata) and to identify factors that could influence these attitudes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Explorative surveys in the context of public attitudes towards psychiatrists were conducted in a convenience sample from the general population in Chennai (n=166) and Kolkata (n=158). Sampling was balanced for age, gender and school education. RESULTS Comparing the two samples using a multivariate analysis, we found more negative attitudes towards psychiatrists in Chennai compared to Kolkata (p<0.0001). Negative attitudes correlated with lower education levels (p<0.001) and stronger religious beliefs (p<0.05) in both cities. CONCLUSION Attitudes towards psychiatrists differed widely between two large metropolitan cities in India. In line with previous studies, negative attitudes correlated with lower level of education and stronger religious beliefs across both cities. Future studies may identify finer cultural and social factors that play an important role in attitudes towards psychiatrists in a diverse country like India.
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