Fahr's Syndrome in a Sporadic Case

From seizures to cognitive dysfunction: A case report of Fahr syndrome in an Afghan patient

RATIONALE

Fahr syndrome is a rare, degenerative neurological condition characterized by bilateral idiopathic calcification of the periventricular region, especially the basal ganglia. This condition is often misdiagnosed as other neurological or psychiatric disorders due to its rarity and overlapping symptoms.

PATIENT CONCERNS

A 34-year-old man had been experiencing seizures and cognitive dysfunction for few years, which were further compounded by slurred speech and motor difficulties as acute conditions.

DIAGNOSIS

After investigations, severe hypocalcemia, and hypoparathyroidism were detected and his brain computed tomography showed extensive bilateral calcifications in basal ganglia, thalamus, dentate nuclei, and some parts of subcortical white matter, suggestive of Fahr syndrome. Although, the patient was initially misdiagnosed due to a lack of information and the rarity of this disease.

INTERVENTION

The patient was treated with intravenous calcium gluconate, vitamin D3, l-ornithine l-aspartate syrup, and levetiracetam, replacing carbamazepine.

OUTCOME

His symptoms, including slurred speech, muscle pain, and stiffness improved, serum calcium normalized, and he was discharged with medications for memory deficit and depression.

LESSONS

This case underscores the importance of raising awareness among physicians, especially in areas with limited medical resources, about the significance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate symptomatic treatment in enhancing patient prognosis and quality of life.

Cultural Considerations in Fahr's Syndrome: A Case Report

OBJECTIVES

Many psychiatrists, and other providers alike, find difficulty integrating a culture-centered approach to clinical practice and navigating the challenges when they arise. We call attention to the ongoing challenges of addressing the cultural barriers between patient and physician.

METHODS

We present a case of an African patient with a rare case of Fahr's syndrome whose clinical diagnostic course was complicated by culture and language barriers.

RESULTS

The patient's hospital course was challenged by cultural and language barriers that were difficult to integrate into her care, likely contributing to a prolonged diagnostic course and hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS

Cultural considerations in medicine can enhance patient-physician relationships and ultimately strengthen clinical outcomes.