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Khan M, Ahad G, Alam A, Ullah S, Khan A, Kanwal, Salar U, Wadood A, Ajmal A, Khan KM, Perveen S, Uddin J, Al-Harrasi A. Synthesis of new bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone hydrazone for diabetic management: In-vitro and in-silico approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23323. [PMID: 38163112 PMCID: PMC10757017 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting α-glucosidase is a reliable method for reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals. Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone derivatives 1-27 were synthesized from bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone via two-step reaction. Different spectroscopic techniques, including EI-MS and 1H NMR, were employed to characterize all synthetic derivatives. The elemental composition of synthetic compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis and results were found in agreement with the calculated values. The synthetic compounds 1-27 were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, except five compounds all derivatives showed good to moderate inhibitory potential in the range of IC50 = 0.28 ± 2.65 - 0.94 ± 2.20 μM. Among them, the most active compounds were 5, 8, 9, and 12 with IC50 values of 0.29 ± 4.63, 0.29 ± 0.93, 0.28 ± 3.65, and 0.28 ± 2.65, respectively. Furthermore, all these compounds were found to be non-toxic on human fibroblast cell lines (BJ cell lines). Kinetics study of compounds 8 and 9 revealed competitive type of inhibition with Ki values 2.79 ± 0.011 and 3.64 ± 0.012 μM, respectively. The binding interactions of synthetic compounds were also confirmed through molecular docking studies that indicated that compounds fit well in the active site of enzyme. Furthermore, a total of 30ns MD simulation was carried out for the most potent complexes of the series. The molecular dynamics study revealed that compound-8 and compound-12 were stable during the MD simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Ahad
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Kanwal
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amar Ajmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi, 75280, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
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Dougnon G, Ito M. Molecular Descriptors and QSAR Models for Sedative Activity of Sesquiterpenes Administered to Mice via Inhalation. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1236-1249. [PMID: 35158383 DOI: 10.1055/a-1770-7581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are often utilized for therapeutic purposes and are composed of complex structural molecules, including sesquiterpenes, with high molecular weight and potential for stereochemistry. A detailed study on the properties of selected sesquiterpenes was conducted as part of a broader investigation on the effects of sesquiterpenes on the central nervous system. A set of 18 sesquiterpenes, rigorously selected from an original list of 114, was divided into 2 groups i.e., the training and test sets, with each containing 9 compounds. The training set was evaluated for the sedative activity in mice through inhalation, and all compounds were sedatives at any dose in the range of 4 × 10-4-4 × 10-2 mg/cage, except for curzerene. Molecular determinants of the sedative activities of sesquiterpenes were evaluated using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses. An additional test set of six compounds obtained from the literature was utilized for validating the QSAR model. The parental carbonyl cation and an oxygen-containing groups are possible determinants of sedative activity. The QSAR study using multiple regression models could reasonably predict the sedative activity of sesquiterpenes with statistical parameters such as the correlation coefficient r2 = 0.82 > 0.6 and q2 LOO = 0.71 > 0.5 obtained using the leave-one-out cross-validation technique. Molar refractivity and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors were statistically important in predicting the activities. The present study could help predict the sedative activity of additional sesquiterpenes, thus accelerating the process of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfried Dougnon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiho Ito
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wang G, Liu W, Tang J, Ma X, Gong Z, Huang Y, Li Y, Peng Z. Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of benzophenone derivatives bearing naphthalene moiety as novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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