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Haidari F, Mohammadshahi M, Abiri B, Guest PC, Zarei M, Fathi M. Testing the Effects of Cinnamon Extract Supplementation on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Acrylamide. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2343:179-190. [PMID: 34473322 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of cinnamon water extract supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in rats. This revealed acrylamide-intoxicated control group had significant higher levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin and alanine transaminase, and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity compared to the negative control group. In contrast, cinnamon extract administration remedied the levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and leptin in the treatment groups. However, there was no significant effect on adiponectin or liver enzymes. This chapter presents a protocol involving production of the acrylamide-induced oxidative stress model, the aqueous extraction of cinnamon powder, and measurement of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haidari
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- Department of Nutrition, Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fathi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Kopilakkal R, Chanda K, Balamurali MM. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Capacity of Clerodendrum paniculatum Flower Extracts against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26489-26498. [PMID: 34661004 PMCID: PMC8515580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the presented work involves the isolation, characterization, and evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of Clerodendrum paniculatum flower extracts. For this purpose, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alcohol, and water extracts of C. paniculatum flower were screened for the flavonoid and phenolic content and quantified. Various antioxidant activity assays including 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing ability were carried out. Of the above methods, the alcoholic extract exhibited high antioxidant potential and was selected further for the hepatoprotective evaluations. Hepatoprotective evaluation of the alcoholic extract was carried out for carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated model systems. Enzymes associated with liver functions were estimated, and histopathological evaluations were carried out to monitor the liver architecture. Prominently, reduced levels of various associated enzymes along with increased protein content were observed when the liver specimen was pretreated with the extract. Moreover, the liver architecture was almost comparable to that of the normal control group. The column chromatographic analysis of the extract revealed 13 fractions to possess high phenolics and flavonoid contents. The best two fractions were identified for in vitro hepatoprotective evaluation in the goat liver model. Furthermore, the GC-MS analyses of the fractions were carried out followed by a library search, to identify the constituents responsible for the hepatoprotective activity which revealed the presence of four major constituents-pilocarpine, glyceric acid, pangamic acid, and gallic acid. An in vitro hepatoprotective study of the isolated fractions showed better activity compared to the whole alcoholic extract, and the results were comparable to the normal group taken as a control. The investigations with an in vitro model suggest that the isolated fraction with rich flavonoid content showed better hepatoprotective activity. GC-MS analysis of the fractions that displayed good hepatoprotective activity suggested the presence of pilocarpine, glyceric acid, pangamic acid, and gallic acid, while HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Kopilakkal
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Musuvathi Motilal Balamurali
- Division
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Vandalur−Kelambakkam Road, Chennai, 600 127 Tamil Nadu, India
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Rouf R, Ghosh P, Uzzaman MR, Sarker DK, Zahura FT, Uddin SJ, Muhammad I. Hepatoprotective Plants from Bangladesh: A Biophytochemical Review and Future Prospect. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:1633231. [PMID: 34504532 PMCID: PMC8423546 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1633231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases are quite prevalant in many densely populated countries, including Bangladesh. The liver and its hepatocytes are targeted by virus and microbes, as well as by chemical environmental toxicants, causing wide-spread disruption of metabolic fuctions of the human body, leading to death from end-stage liver diseases. The aim of this review is to systematically explore and record the potential of Bangladeshi ethnopharmacological plants to treat liver diseases with focus on their sources, constituents, and therapeutic uses, including mechanisms of actions (MoA). A literature survey was carried out using Pubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases with articles reported until July, 2020. A total of 88 Bangladeshi hepatoprotective plants (BHPs) belonging to 47 families were listed in this review, including Euphorbiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Compositae families contained 20% of plants, while herbs were the most cited (51%) and leaves were the most consumed parts (23%) as surveyed. The effect of BHPs against different hepatotoxins was observed via upregulation of antioxidant systems and inhibition of lipid peroxidation which subsequently reduced the elevated liver biomarkers. Different active constituents, including phenolics, curcuminoids, cucurbitanes, terpenoids, fatty acids, carotenoids, and polysaccharides, have been reported from these plants. The hepatoameliorative effect of these constituents was mainly involved in the reduction of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. In summary, BHPs represent a valuable resource for hepatoprotective lead therapeutics which may offer new alternatives to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Raihan Uzzaman
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Dipto Kumer Sarker
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Fatima Tuz Zahura
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Haidari F, Mohammadshahi M, Abiri B, Zarei M, Fathi M. Cinnamon extract supplementation improves inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide: An experimental animal study. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:243-252. [PMID: 32523879 PMCID: PMC7256275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toxic effects of acrylamide on body organs incline researches to prevent or decrease these effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cinnamon extract (CE) supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two rats were divided into four groups as follow 1) The control group received distilled water, 2) Acrylamide- intoxicated group was administrated with 35 ml/kg/day acrylamide for two weeks, 3) Acrylamide- intoxicated rats treated with CE 250 mg/kg/day for 28 days, and 4) Acrylamide- intoxicated rats treated with CE 500 mg/kg day for 28 days. Fasting blood sample was obtained for subsequent analysis. RESULTS The results showed that acrylamide- intoxicated group had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha, high sensitive C reactive protein, leptin and alanine transaminase (p<0.05 to p<0.01) and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity compared to the control group; whereas, cinnamon extract administration remedied levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha, high sensitive C reactive protein and leptin in the treatment groups, but it did not have a significant effect on adiponectin and liver enzymes (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that cinnamon extract may potentially be effective as a dietary source of bioactive compounds for managing acrylamide intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haidari
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center,Department of Nutrition, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fathi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: 09106031053, Fax: 06133738330,
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Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA, Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Naglah AM. Synthesis and antihepatotoxic activity of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives linked with 1,4-benzodioxane. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:2393-2404. [PMID: 31409973 PMCID: PMC6647008 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s198865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the antihepatotoxic activity of dihydropyrimidinone derivative linked with 1,4-benzodioxane. Methods: A series of novel dihydropyrimidinone derivatives linked with 1,4-benzodioxane moiety were synthesized in good yield. Modern spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis were used for the identification of the synthesized compounds. The hepatoprotective properties of compound 2, 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylcarbonyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, was evaluated in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. Results: Administration of compound 2 prior to CCl4 exposure produced a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of elevated biochemical parameters compared with the standard drug silymarin. CCl4 induced oxidative stress, increased lipid profile, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Compound 2 (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced the lipid profile and significantly improved HDL levels in a dose-dependent manner. CCl4 treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreased nonprotein thiol (NP-SH) and total protein (TP) in liver tissues. Pretreatment of rats with compound 2 (20 mg/kg) decreased MDA level and increased NP-SH and TP in liver tissues. Histopathological examination of liver tissues also confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of compound 2. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the antihepatotoxic activity of compound 2 in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research, Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Jairaman C, Yacoob SAM, Venkatraman A, Nagarajan Y, Murugesan G. Propugnating Effect of Bark of Rhizophora mucronata Against Different Toxicants Viz Carbon Tetrachloride, Ethanol and Paracetamol on HepG 2 Cell Lines. J Pharmacopuncture 2019; 22:41-48. [PMID: 30989000 PMCID: PMC6461297 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2019.22.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the bark extract (Ethanol: Water) in the ratio of (3:1) of Rhizophora mucronata (BERM) by intoxicating the HepG2 cell lines with different toxicants viz, CCL4, Ethanol and Paracetamol with different concentrations of the extract were used. The HepG2 cell lines were subjected to MTT Assay for studying the cytotoxicity. Methods HepG2 cells were plated using 96 well plate in 10% bovine serum, exposed to different toxicants viz, 2% CCl4, 60% Ethanol and 14 mM Paracetamol respectively. The various test concentrations (18.85, 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 μg/ml) of bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata was added and incubated for 24 hours. Medium was removed after incubation period and 0.5 mg/ml MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was added and again incubated for 4 hours at 37oC. Then MTT was removed the crystals was dissolved in DMSO and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. Results The result showed that dose dependent increase in percentage of viability at the doses of 18.85, 37.5, 75, 150, 300 μg/ml. The results for the CCl4 intoxicated, at 300 μg/ml of the concentration of the extract, the % of viable cells was found out to be 99.6%, for Ethanol intoxicated, 97.67%, and Paracetamol induced, 75.37%, IC50 was 21.53 μg/ml, 12.61 μg/ml and 21.42 μg/ml respectively. Conclusion Thus, we conclude that, the extract possesses defensive effect against different toxicants and can be used as an alternate drug for hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Jairaman
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mohammed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Shollinganallur, Chennai-119, Tamil nadu, India
| | - Syed Ali Mohamed Yacoob
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mohammed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Shollinganallur, Chennai-119, Tamil nadu, India
| | - Anuradha Venkatraman
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohammed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Shollinganallur, Chennai-119, Tamil nadu, India
| | - Yogananth Nagarajan
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mohammed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Shollinganallur, Chennai-119, Tamil nadu, India
| | - Gnanadesigan Murugesan
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathair University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil nadu, India
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Rahate KP, Rajasekaran A. Hepatoprotection by active fractions from Desmostachya bipinnata stapf (L.) against tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:311-5. [PMID: 26069370 PMCID: PMC4450558 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.157130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effect of the polyphenolic fraction of Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf (PFDB) (Poaceae) on tamoxifen (TAM)-induced liver damage in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: The roots of Desmostachya bipinnata were extracted in 70% methanol, and the polyphenolic fraction was isolated. Protection of BRL3A cells against ethanol-induced damage was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by oral administration of TAM (45 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. The PFDB was administered to experimental animals at two selected doses (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) during the treatment. The serum levels of various biochemical parameters and the antioxidant enzymes were examined by standard procedures. Results: A dose-dependent increase in percentage viability was observed when ethanol-exposed BRL3A cells were treated with PFDB. Both the treatment groups upon pretreatment with PFDB exhibited a significant (P ≤ 0.05) protective effect by lowering serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatinin levels and improving protein level in serum in dose-dependent manner, which was comparable to that of silymarin group. In addition, PFDB prevented elevation of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the TAM-intoxicated rats in concentration-dependent manner and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological reports, which showed the attenuation of hepatocellular necrosis. Conclusions: The results of this study strongly indicate that the polyphenolic fraction of the plant roots has a potent hepatoprotective action against TAM-induced hepatic damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Rajasekaran
- Research Scholar, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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Protective effect of Aframomum melegueta phenolics against CCl₄-induced rat hepatocytes damage; role of apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibition. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5880. [PMID: 25077538 PMCID: PMC5376205 DOI: 10.1038/srep05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aframomum melegueta is a commonly used African spice. Through a hepatoprotective bioassay-guided isolation, the chloroform fraction of A.melegueta seeds yielded one new diarylheptanoid named 3-(S)-acetyl-1-(4′-hydroxy-3′, 5′-di methoxyphenyl)-7-(3″,4″, 5″-trihydroxyphenyl)heptane (1), and two new hydroxyphenylalkanones, [8]-dehydrogingerdione (2) and [6]-dehydroparadol (3), in addition to six known compounds (4–9). The hepatoprotective effect of A. melegueta methanol extract, sub-fractions and isolated compounds was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in a rat hepatocytes model. The methanol, chloroform extracts and compounds 1, 5, 8 and 9 of A. melegueta significantly inhibited the elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin-1beta (Il-1β), caspase3 and 9 and enhanced the reduced liver glutathione (GSH) level caused by CCl4 intoxication. These results indicate that A.melegueta extracts, and isolated compounds play a protective role in CCl4 induced acute liver injury which might be due to elevated antioxidative defense potentials, suppressed inflammatory responses and apoptosis of liver tissue.
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Ho CW, Lin RD, Lee TH, Lin CH, Wen CL, Tseng YT, Lee MH. Chemical and pharmacological investigation of micropropagated Hygrophila pogonocalyx produced from leaf explants. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2013; 54:51. [PMID: 28510887 PMCID: PMC5430379 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An optimized method for indirect shoot organogenesis from the leaf explants of Hygrophila pogonocalyx, a rare and endemic species in Taiwan, was developed to supply enough quantity of plant materials for the first chemical and pharmacological investigation. RESULTS Incubation of the young leaves on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 mg/l) resulted in the best multiplication rate for organogenesis. The average number of adventitious buds per leaf was 22.8 ± 1.9 after 8-week culture. The adventitious buds rooted and developed into plantlets when cultured simply on MS medium. Using this protocol, up to 37,600 plants were produced from a single leaf explant in one year. From the ethanol extract of the leaves of this micropropagated plant, 13 compounds were isolated and identified, including two flavones (1, 11), four flavonols (9, 10, 12, and 13), three phenylethanoid glycosides (6-8), two alkylated glycosides (2-3), and two steroids (4-5). Of these, acteoside (7) exhibited anti-tyrosinase activity in human epidermal melanocytes and luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) exhibited the greatest neurocytoprotective activity. CONCLUSIONS The method, indirect shoot organogenesis from leaf explants of H. pogonocalyx, could be developed to supply enough quantity of plant materials for the chemical and pharmacological investigation. In the present study, the isolated active compounds may develop for whitening agents or treating neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wen Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, 104 Taiwan
| | - Rong-Dih Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ho-Ping Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Luan Wen
- Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Taichung, 515 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, 104 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
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Abhilash PA, Harikrishnan R, Indira M. Ascorbic acid is superior to silymarin in the recovery of ethanol-induced inflammatory reactions in hepatocytes of guinea pigs. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:785-98. [PMID: 23653339 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions play a major role in alcoholic liver fibrosis. We evaluated the efficacy of ascorbic acid (AA) and silymarin in the regression of alcohol-induced inflammation in hepatocytes of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Animals were administered with ethanol at a daily dose of 4 g/kg body weight (b.wt) for 90 days. On the ninety-first day, ethanol administration was stopped and animals were divided into alcohol abstention group and silymarin- (25 mg/100 g b.wt) and AA- (25 mg/100 g b.wt) supplemented groups and maintained for 30 days. There was a significant increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in the serum of the ethanol group. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expressions of cytochrome P4502E1 and nuclear factor κB1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β(1) in hepatocytes were significantly increased in ethanol group. The fibrotic markers α-smooth muscle actin and α(1)(I) collagen and activity of cytotoxicity marker caspase-3 were significantly increased and AA content was significantly reduced in hepatocytes of alcohol-treated guinea pigs. But the AA and silymarin supplementation significantly reduced these changes in comparison with alcohol abstention group. AA could induce greater reduction of inflammatory and fibrotic markers in hepatocytes than silymarin. This indicates that AA is superior to silymarin in inhibiting intracellular ROS generation and thereby reducing the ethanol-induced inflammation in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Abhilash
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
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