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Yang Q, Pu W, Hu K, Hu Y, Feng Z, Cai J, Li C, Li L, Zhou Z, Zhang J. Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Transformable and Triple-Targeting Butylphthalide Nanotherapy for Precision Treatment of Ischemic Stroke by Normalizing the Pathological Microenvironment. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4813-4833. [PMID: 36802489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High potency and safe therapies are still required for ischemic stroke, which is a leading cause of global death and disability. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive, transformable, and triple-targeting dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) nanotherapy was developed for ischemic stroke. To this end, a ROS-responsive nanovehicle (OCN) was first constructed using a cyclodextrin-derived material, which showed considerably enhanced cellular uptake in brain endothelial cells due to notably reduced particle size, morphological transformation, and surface chemistry switching upon triggering via pathological signals. Compared to a nonresponsive nanovehicle, this ROS-responsive and transformable nanoplatform OCN exhibited a significantly higher brain accumulation in a mouse model of ischemic stroke, thereby affording notably potentiated therapeutic effects for the nanotherapy derived from NBP-containing OCN. For OCN decorated with a stroke-homing peptide (SHp), we found significantly increased transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis, in addition to the previously recognized targeting capability to activated neurons. Consistently, the engineered transformable and triple-targeting nanoplatform, i.e., SHp-decorated OCN (SON), displayed a more efficient distribution in the injured brain in mice with ischemic stroke, showing considerable localization in endothelial cells and neurons. Furthermore, the finally formulated ROS-responsive transformable and triple-targeting nanotherapy (NBP-loaded SON) demonstrated highly potent neuroprotective activity in mice, which outperformed the SHp-deficient nanotherapy at a 5-fold higher dose. Mechanistically, our bioresponsive, transformable, and triple-targeting nanotherapy attenuated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial permeability and improved dendritic remodeling and synaptic plasticity of neurons in the injured brain tissue, thereby promoting much better functional recovery, which were achieved by efficiently enhancing NBP delivery to the ischemic brain tissue, targeting injured endothelial cells and activated neurons/microglial cells, and normalizing the pathological microenvironment. Moreover, preliminary studies indicated that the ROS-responsive NBP nanotherapy displayed a good safety profile. Consequently, the developed triple-targeting NBP nanotherapy with desirable targeting efficiency, spatiotemporally controlled drug release performance, and high translational potential holds great promise for precision therapy of ischemic stroke and other brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wendan Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kaiyao Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiajun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Chen Z, Yang Y, Han Y, Wang X. Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Senegenin, an Effective Compound Originated From the Roots of Polygala Tenuifolia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937333. [PMID: 35924058 PMCID: PMC9341472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senegenin is the main bioactive ingredient isolated from the dried roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. In recent years, senegenin has been proved to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, enhancement of cognitive function. Besides, it has a good development prospect for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, depression, osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and other diseases. However, there is no systematic literature that fully demonstrates the pharmacological effects of senegenin. In order to meet the needs of new drug research and precise medication, this review summarized the neuroprotective effects, mechanisms and gastrointestinal toxicity of senegenin based on the literatures published from the past 2 decades. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the existing problems in the current research as well as the future research directions have been conducted in order to provide a basis for the clinical application of this important plant extract.
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Sravanthi KN, Rao NR. Cerebroprotective activity of Pentapetes phoenicea on global cerebral ischemia in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 48:694-700. [PMID: 28066109 PMCID: PMC5155472 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.194849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was performed to evaluate the cerebroprotective activity of methanolic extract (ME) of Pentapetes phoenicea - a folk medicine used as anti-inflammatory and in central nervous system ailments. It has high phenolic and flavonoid contents including rutin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Global cerebral ischemia was induced in male albino Wistar rats by temporary bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) for 30 min, followed by 4 h reperfusion. Groups of rats were pretreated for 10 days with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of ME of P. phoenicea and 3 mg/kg of edaravone, a marketed cerebroprotective agent, as standard. Antioxidant enzymes such as, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), protein content, brain water content, cerebral infarct size and the histopathological changes were measured. RESULTS P. phoenicea-pretreated groups restored the biochemical parameters significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The ischemic changes were involved with an increase in the concentration of MDA and H2O2, followed by decreased SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST activity in rat brain. The neurodegenaration and its attenuation by P. phoenicea were confirmed by examination of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and histopathological changes in the cerebral ischemic rat brains. Similarly, P. phoenicea reversed the brain water content in the ischemia-reperfusion animals. CONCLUSION The result of the study indicates that the treatment with P. phoenicea enhances the antioxidant defense against BCAO-induced global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and exerts cerebroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koneru Naga Sravanthi
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nadendla Rama Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Galho AR, Cordeiro MF, Ribeiro SA, Marques MS, Antunes MFD, Luz DC, Hädrich G, Muccillo-Baisch AL, Barros DM, Lima JV, Dora CL, Horn AP. Protective role of free and quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion against damage induced by intracerebral haemorrhage in rats. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:175101. [PMID: 26965041 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/17/175101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a worldwide public health problem. Experimental studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ICH and could represent a target for its treatment. However, the blood-brain barrier is an obstacle to be overcome, as it hampers the administration of compounds to the central nervous system. In this study, we compared the effects of a quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (QU-N) with the free form of the drug (QU-SP) in a collagenase-induced ICH rat model. Quercetin (QU) is a polyphenol that has an antioxidant effect in vitro, but due to its high lipophilicity, it has low bioavailability in vivo. In this study, animals submitted or not to ICH were treated with a single intraperitoneal QU dose (free or nanoemulsion) of 30 mg kg(-1). Motor assessment was evaluated by the open field, foot fault and beam walking behavioural tests. 72 h after surgery the haematoma size was evaluated and biochemical measurements were performed. Animals treated with QU-N had a significant improvement in the beam walking and open field tests. Also, QU-N was able to reduce the size of the haematoma, preserving the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), increasing GSH content, and the total antioxidant capacity. QU-SP recovered locomotor activity and increased the GSH content and the total antioxidant capacity. Thus, it can be observed that QU presented antioxidant activity in both formulations, but the incorporation into nanoemulsions increased its antioxidant effect, which was reflected in the improvement of the motor skills and in the haematoma size decrement. These results suggest that the nanoemulsion containing QU developed in this study could be promising for future studies on treatments for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Galho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil
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Li X, Zhao Y, Liu P, Zhu X, Chen M, Wang H, Lu D, Qi R. Senegenin Inhibits Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Upregulating RhoGDIα. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1561-1571. [PMID: 25367882 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is an important event in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced neuronal injury. Senegenin (Sen), the predominant and most active component in Radix Polygalae root extracts, displays anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties. Sen protects against H/R-induced neuronal apoptosis of highly differentiated PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons. Sen has also been investigated as a source of potential therapeutic targets. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to identify Sen-regulated proteins in PC12 cells. We found that Sen protected against H/R-induced neuronal apoptosis by upregulating RhoGDIα protein expression. The regulatory functions of RhoGDIα were investigated by knocking down RhoGDIα expression in PC12 cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA), followed by quantification of apoptosis and then altering the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Our data show that after silencing RhoGDIα, the neuroprotective effects of Sen on H/R-induced PC12 cell apoptosis were absent. Furthermore, RhoGDIα silencing alleviated the Sen-mediated inhibition of the JNK pathway. Therefore, these findings indicated that Sen attenuates H/R-induced neuronal apoptosis by upregulating RhoGDIα expression and inhibiting the JNK pathway. In addition to the mechanism underlying neuroprotective effects of Sen, RhoGDIα was identified as a putative target of Sen based on a primary rat cortical neuron model of H/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Municipal People's Hospital, 243000, Maanshan, Anhui, China
| | - Yandong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panhong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecology, Clifford Hospital, 511495, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyi Chen
- Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renbin Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Liu ZQ, Xing SS, Zhang W. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin on spinal cord in rabbit model with ischemia/reperfusion. J Spinal Cord Med 2013; 36:147-52. [PMID: 23809530 PMCID: PMC3595963 DOI: 10.1179/2045772312y.0000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the spinal cord is a serious complication that can result from thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect of curcumin against I/R injury in a rabbit model. METHODS A total of 36 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham, I/R, and curcumin-treated group. Rabbits were subject to 30-min aortic occlusion to induce transient spinal cord ischemia. Neurological function was observed after reperfusion and spinal cord segment (L3-L5) was collected for histopathological evaluation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also assayed. RESULTS Rabbits in I/R group were induced to paraplegia. While after 48-hour treatment, compared with I/R group, curcumin significantly improved neurological function, reduced cell apoptosis and MDA levels as well as increased SOD activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that curcumin, at least in an animal model, can attenuate transient spinal cord ischemic injury potentially via reducing oxidative damage, which may provide a novel approach in the treatment of spinal cord ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Jining Medical College, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Xing
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China,Correspondence to: Wei Zhang, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Gulati P, Muthuraman A, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Neuroprotective effect of gadolinium: a stretch-activated calcium channel blocker in mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 386:255-64. [PMID: 23229582 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the potential of gadolinium, a stretch-activated calcium channel blocker in ischemic reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in mice. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion of 12 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h was given to induce cerebral injury in male Swiss mice. Cerebral infarct size was measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Memory was assessed using Morris water maze test and motor incoordination was evaluated using rota-rod, lateral push, and inclined beam walking tests. In addition, total calcium, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were also estimated in brain tissue. I/R injury produced a significant increase in cerebral infarct size. A significant loss of memory along with impairment of motor performance was also noted. Furthermore, I/R injury also produced a significant increase in levels of TBARS, total calcium, AChE activity, and a decrease in GSH levels. Pretreatment of gadolinium significantly attenuated I/R-induced infarct size, behavioral and biochemical changes. On the basis of the present findings, we can suggest that opening of stretch-activated calcium channel may play a critical role in ischemic reperfusion-induced brain injury and that gadolinium has neuroprotective potential in I/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
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