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Assouma FF, Sina H, Adjobimey T, Noumavo ADP, Socohou A, Boya B, Dossou AD, Akpovo L, Konmy BBS, Mavoungou JF, Adjanohoun A, Baba-Moussa L. Susceptibility and Virulence of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Benin. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010213. [PMID: 36677505 PMCID: PMC9864207 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae represent one of the main families of Gram-negative bacilli responsible for serious urinary tract infections (UTIs). The present study aimed to define the resistance profile and the virulence of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated in urinary tract infections in Benin. A total of 390 urine samples were collected from patients with UTIs, and Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated according to standard microbiology methods. The API 20E gallery was used for biochemical identification. All the isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was investigated using a double-disc synergy test (DDST), and biofilm production was quantified using the microplate method. Multiplex PCR was used to detect uro-virulence genes, namely: PapG, IronB, Sfa, iucD, Hly, FocG, Sat, FyuA and Cnf, using commercially designed primers. More than 26% (103/390) of our samples were contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae strains at different levels. Thus, E. coli (31.07%, 32/103), Serratia marcescens (11.65%, 12/103), Klebsiella ornithinolytica (8.74%, 9/103), Serratia fonticola (7.77%, 8/103) and Enterobacter cloacae (6.80%, 7/103) were identified. Among the isolated strains, 39.81% (41/103) were biofilm-forming, while 5.83% (6/103) were ESBL-producing. Isolates were most resistant to erythromycin, cefixime, ceftriaxone and ampicillin (≥90%) followed by ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, doxycycline and levofloxacin (≥50%), and least resistant to imipenem (27.18%). In regard to virulence genes, Sfa was the most detected (28.15%), followed by IronB (22.23%), iucD (21.36%), Cnf (15.53%), PapG (9.71%), FocG (8.74%), Sat (6.79%), FyuA (5.82%) and Hyl (2.91%). These data may help improve the diagnosis of uropathogenic strains of Enterobacteriaceae, but also in designing effective strategies and measures for the prevention and management of severe, recurrent, or complicated urinary tract infections in Benin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funkè F. Assouma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
| | - Haziz Sina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (L.B.-M.)
| | - Tomabu Adjobimey
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
| | - Agossou Damien Pacôme Noumavo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Technologies, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 04 BP 1107, Benin
| | - Akim Socohou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
| | - Bawa Boya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
| | | | - Lauriane Akpovo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
| | - Basile Boni Saka Konmy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
- Department of Microbiology, International University of Libreville, ESSASSA-Libreville Campus, Essassa BP 20411, Gabon
| | - Jacques F. Mavoungou
- Department of Microbiology, International University of Libreville, ESSASSA-Libreville Campus, Essassa BP 20411, Gabon
| | - Adolphe Adjanohoun
- National Agronomic Research Institute of Benin, Cotonou 01 BP 884, Benin
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (L.B.-M.)
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Arafa SH, Alshehri WA, Organji SR, Elbanna K, Obaid NA, Aldosari MS, Asiri FH, Ahmad I, Abulreesh HH. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Western Saudi Arabia. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:325-339. [PMID: 36048880 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-associated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their virulence factors in Western Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,000 urine samples were examined for the presence of E. coli by selective plating on MacConkey, CLED, and sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Vitek® 2 Compact (MIC) and the disc diffusion method with Mueller-Hinton agar. Genes encoding virulence factors (kpsMTII, traT, sat, csgA, vat, and iutA) were detected by PCR. The overall prevalence of UTI-associated E. coli was low, and a higher prevalence was detected in samples of female origin. Many of the isolates exhibited resistance to norfloxacin, and 60% of the isolates showed resistance to ampicillin. No resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem was detected. In general, half of the isolates showed multiple resistance patterns. UPEC exhibited a weak ability to form biofilms, where no correlation was observed between multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All uropathogenic E. coli isolates carried the kpsMTII, iutA, traT, and csgA genes, whereas the low number of the isolates harbored the sat and vat genes. The diversity of virulence factors harbored by community-associated UPEC may render them more virulent and further explain the recurrence/relapse cases among community-associated UITs. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first exploration of virulence, biofilm-forming ability, and its association with multidrug resistance among UPEC isolates in Saudi Arabia. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of community-associated UPEC in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Arafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer R Organji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Najla A Obaid
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fatimah H Asiri
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Bujak K, Decewicz P, Kaminski J, Radlinska M. Identification, Characterization, and Genomic Analysis of Novel Serratia Temperate Phages from a Gold Mine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186709. [PMID: 32933193 PMCID: PMC7556043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Serratia inhabit a variety of ecological niches like water, soil, and the bodies of animals, and have a wide range of lifestyles. Currently, the complete genome sequences of 25 Serratia phages are available in the NCBI database. All of them were isolated from nutrient-rich environments like sewage, with the use of clinical Serratia strains as hosts. In this study, we identified a novel Serratia myovirus named vB_SspM_BZS1. Both the phage and its host Serratia sp. OS31 were isolated from the same oligotrophic environment, namely, an abandoned gold mine (Zloty Stok, Poland). The BZS1 phage was thoroughly characterized here in terms of its genomics, morphology, and infection kinetics. We also demonstrated that Serratia sp. OS31 was lysogenized by mitomycin-inducible siphovirus vB_SspS_OS31. Comparative analyses revealed that vB_SspM_BZS1 and vB_SspS_OS31 were remote from the known Serratia phages. Moreover, vB_SspM_BZS1 was only distantly related to other viruses. However, we discovered similar prophage sequences in genomes of various bacteria here. Additionally, a protein-based similarity network showed a high diversity of Serratia phages in general, as they were scattered across nineteen different clusters. In summary, this work broadened our knowledge on the diverse relationships of Serratia phages.
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Katongole P, Nalubega F, Florence NC, Asiimwe B, Andia I. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from clinical isolates in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:453. [PMID: 32600258 PMCID: PMC7325280 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uropathogenic E. coli is the leading cause of Urinary tract infections (UTIs), contributing to 80-90% of all community-acquired and 30-50% of all hospital-acquired UTIs. Biofilm forming Uropathogenic E. coli are associated with persistent and chronic inflammation leading to complicated and or recurrent UTIs. Biofilms provide an environment for poor antibiotic penetration and horizontal transfer of virulence genes which favors the development of Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Understanding biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance determinants of Uropathogenic E. coli strains will provide insight into the development of treatment options for biofilm-associated UTIs. The aim of this study was to determine the biofilm forming capability, presence of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Uropathogenic E. coli isolates in Uganda. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried in the Clinical Microbiology and Molecular biology laboratories at the Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences. We randomly selected 200 Uropathogenic E. coli clinical isolates among the stored isolates collected between January 2018 and December 2018 that had significant bacteriuria (> 105 CFU). All isolates were subjected to biofilm detection using the Congo Red Agar method and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby disk diffusion method. The isolates were later subjected PCR for the detection of Urovirulence genes namely; Pap, Fim, Sfa, Afa, Hly and Cnf, using commercially designed primers. RESULTS In this study, 62.5% (125/200) were positive biofilm formers and 78% (156/200) of these were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The isolates were most resistant to Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole and Amoxicillin (93%) followed by gentamycin (87%) and the least was imipenem (0.5%). Fim was the most prevalent Urovirulence gene (53.5%) followed by Pap (21%), Sfa (13%), Afa (8%), Cnf (5.5%) and Hyl (0%). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a high prevalence of biofilm-forming Uropathogenic E. coli strains that are highly associated with the MDR phenotype. We recommend routine surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation to understand the antibiotics suitable in the management of biofilm-associated UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Katongole
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Fatuma Nalubega
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Benon Asiimwe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Mohamed MSM, Mostafa HM, Mohamed SH, Abd El-Moez SI, Kamel Z. Combination of Silver Nanoparticles and Vancomycin to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance in Planktonic/Biofilm Cell from Clinical and Animal Source. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1410-1420. [PMID: 32354252 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and biofilm-forming pathogens from animal source compared to clinical ones. In addition, to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) alone and/or mixed with vancomycin. Out of 62 bacterial isolates from animal respiratory tract infection (RTI), 50.00% were defined as MDR, while among human ones, 44.00% were MDR. The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the predominant isolated bacteria from both animal and human origin with frequency percentage of 50.00, 22.32, and 18.75, respectively. Among Staph. aureus strains, mecA gene was detected in 60.00% and 61.54% of animal and human isolates, respectively, while mecALGA251 (mecC) gene was detected in 13.33% and 15.38% of animal and human isolates, respectively. Biofilm formation ability among animal isolates was 83.87%, while among human ones was 86.00%. AgNPs were effective in inhibiting planktonic cells with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (0.625-10 μg/mL), as well as eradicating biofilm with minimal biofilm eradication concentration values (1.25-10 μg/mL). Noticeable low MIC of AgNPs was required for the isolates from animal source (0.625-5 μg/mL) compared to clinical ones (0.625-10 μg/mL). Remarkable reduction in AgNP effective concentration was observed after combination with 1/4 MIC of vancomycin with minimum recorded concentration of 0.08 μg/mL. In conclusion, the prevalence of MDR among RT pathogens was recorded with high ability to produce biofilm and virulence factors from both animal and human pathogens. AgNPs showed strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity alone and mixed with vancomycin, with up to fourfold reduction of AgNP inhibitory dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S M Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M Mostafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara H Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherein I Abd El-Moez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeinat Kamel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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